Flavors - Teeb meem saj los ntawm Lab

Seb cocoa hmoov, khov zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshuaj yej, los yog npaj ua pizza: ntau thiab ntau cov zaub mov thiab dej haus xav tau aromas. Nws tsuas yog nrog cov aromas uas saj tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam ua khoom noj los yog muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv. Tab sis thaum twg lawv yog cov khoom tsim thiab thaum twg lawv yog ntuj tsw qab? Dab tsi yog flavors ua los ntawm? Thiab lawv ua li cas los tswj peb qhov kev hnov ​​tsw thiab saj? Lub ntiaj teb ntawm lab-tsim flavors zoo li unfathomable, tab sis peb yuav pab koj pom los ntawm kev dag ntawm tus tsim khoom noj.

Flavors hauv Kev Lag Luam Khoom Noj - Qhov Pib

Lub sij hawm aroma Ameslikas txhais tau tias txuj lom los yog tshuaj tsw qab. Koj tam sim ntawd xav txog tej yam zoo, xws li cov ntxhiab tsw ntawm cov nceb, cov kua txiv kab ntxwv tshiab, cov txiv pos nphuab, los yog koj cov tais nyiam kawg.

Txhua yam khoom noj ib txwm muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, ntau dua lossis tsawg dua, thiab feem ntau unmistakable aroma. Yog li nws yuav tsum z. Piv txwv li, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev paub qhov txawv ntawm cov paj ntoo paj ntoo los ntawm cov paj ntoo uas siv cov ntxhiab tsw xwb, thaum cov txiv qaub, cinnamon, peppermint, lossis vanilla tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau yooj yim.

Qhov pib ntawm cov khoom noj flavoring coj peb rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm prehistoric. Tau ntev, tib neeg tau txaus siab rau noj cov zaub mov nyoos thiab tsis kho thiab txaus siab rau nws cov aroma.

Tom qab ntawd qhov kev paub tau yug los tias cov zaub mov tuaj yeem npaj thiab flavored hauv ntau txoj kev. Cov pa luam yeeb thiab cov txuj lom thiab cov txheej txheem fermentation tau siv los ua kom lub neej txee ntawm cov zaub mov thiab hloov cov saj.

Extracting thiab distilling nroj tsuag tsuas tau txais qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Cov aromas tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov roj yam tseem ceeb tau pib siv feem ntau raws li kev kho mob. Nws tsis yog txog thaum xyoo pua 19th uas nws tau pom tias cov zaub mov tuaj yeem muaj cov roj yam tseem ceeb, cov tshuaj tsw qab cais los ntawm cov nroj tsuag (xws li cinnamaldehyde), los yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hauv chav kuaj (xws li vanillin). Qhov no yog qhov yug ntawm kev lag luam tsw.

Yog tias peb tam sim no saib ntawm kev lag luam tsw niaj hnub no, kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom lag luam tsuas yog npau suav ntawm.

Golden deal nrog flavors

Txog rau tam sim no, nyob ib ncig ntawm 10,000 aromas tau pom nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej. Hauv Tebchaws Europe ib leeg, nyob ib ncig ntawm 2,800 chemically, lub cev, caj ces, lossis biotechnologically tsim flavour yog siv hauv kev lag luam khoom noj. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, 15,000 tons ntawm aromas yog siv txhua txhua xyoo los cuam tshuam thiab deev luag tus ntxhiab los yog saj ntawm 15 lab tons ntawm zaub mov. Hauv lwm lo lus, txhua tus pej xeem noj qhov nruab nrab ntawm 500 grams ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj tsw txhua hnub.

Txawm hais tias ntau thiab ntau tus neeg xav txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib txwm muaj, kev lag luam aroma yog booming zoo li tsis tau ua ntej. Raws li Foodwatch, kev lag luam nrog lub npe hu ua natural flavors loj hlob los ntawm ib tug whopping 132 feem pua ​​​​ntawm 2009 thiab 2013. Nyob rau hauv 2011, ntau tshaj $ 10 billion tau muag ntawm flavors thoob ntiaj teb. Rau xyoo 2016, lub tuam txhab tshawb fawb Asmeskas kev lag luam Freedonia twb tau kwv yees muag ntawm 26.5 billion las.

Tam sim no muaj ntau tshaj 500 lub tuam txhab koom nrog hauv chav ua noj aroma, nrog 4 lub tuam txhab hu rau kev txhaj tshuaj. Qhov no kuj suav nrog German tsw loj heev Symrise, uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv 35 lub teb chaws thiab dominates 10 feem pua ​​​​ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kev ua lag luam nrog txhua xyoo muag ntawm ib ncig ntawm 1.3 billion euros.

Ntawm chav kawm, tsis tsuas yog cov tsw manufacturers tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov flavors, tab sis kuj cov tuam txhab khoom noj.

Flavors hauv kev lag luam zaub mov

Muaj ntau tshaj li ib qho laj thawj vim li cas cov khw muag khoom noj kom ncav cuag cov khoom qab zib:

Flavors yog pheej yig

Ntawm ib sab, flavours ib txwm txuag nyiaj ntau heev. Yog hais tias lub pudding hmoov yog vanilla tiag es tsis txhob vanillin, nyiaj ntau yuav tsum tau nqis peev rau hauv kev tsim khoom. Tib yam siv rau currants, raspberries, blueberries, thiab lwm yam., uas muaj nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo yogurt. Txhua tus neeg uas tau khaws cov berries lawv tus kheej paub tias nws siv sijhawm li cas.

Flavoring 100 kilograms ntawm yogurt nrog ib tug tsw tsim nyob rau hauv lub laboratory nqi nyob ib ncig ntawm 6 xees. Yog hais tias lub yogurt tam sim no muaj tiag tiag raspberries, tsawg kawg yog 30 euros yuav tsum tau nqis peev.

Lwm cov khoom lag luam tsis tas yuav muaj cov txiv ntoo lossis cov nqaij, vim tias cov khoom qab zib uas lawv muaj kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom noj qab zib zoo li nws yog.

Flavors ua tau raws li qhov xav tau

Ntau yam khoom siv raw khoom siv los ua cov khoom noj tsis yog tsuas yog kim tab sis kuj tsis tshua muaj. Raws li vanillin muaj kev txhawj xeeb, kev noj haus thoob ntiaj teb ib xyoos yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 15,000 tons. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog kwv yees li 40 tons ntawm vanillin tuaj yeem tau los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj vanilla. Yog li ntawd, tsis yog tag nrho cov khoom lag luam vanilla yuav txaus kom txaus siab rau cov neeg German 'kev ntshaw rau vanilla.

Ib yam yog qhov tseeb rau kev tsim cov txiv pos nphuab: nws yuav siv 10,000 kilograms ntawm strawberries los tsim ib kilogram ntawm concentrated strawberry aroma. Hloov pauv, txog 1 gram ntawm aroma yog txaus rau tsw ib kilogram ntawm cov zaub mov.

Aromas txhim kho qhov saj

Flavors kuj siv los them rau qhov poob ntawm saj. Yog tias cov khoom noj muaj kev lag luam, ua kom sov, los yog sib sib zog nqus khov, qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub hauv paus aroma. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov zaub mov ua tiav feem ntau yog khaws cia rau ib ntus thiab thauj mus ntev ua ntej lawv tau noj thaum kawg. Thaum lub sijhawm no, txawm li cas los xij, kev poob saj tshwm sim. Flavors ntawm no muab kev daws teeb meem yooj yim thiab pheej yig. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, txawm tias porridge tsis qab tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus muag khoom zoo tshaj plaws. Nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ua rau nws ua tau rau cov khoom lag luam qis qis kom saj qab - txawm tias tom qab lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev cia thiab thauj.

Flavors ua cov khoom ib txwm saj ib yam

Qhov kawg tab sis tsis kawg, flavors pab cov tuam txhab khaws cov neeg siv khoom. Vim tias aromas yeej ib txwm ua kom muaj qhov sib xws, thaum tus kheej tsim cov tais diav ib txwm qhia qhov sib txawv. Qhov no tuaj yeem nyob ntawm qhov zoo, tab sis kuj xws li B. yuav nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg cov txuj lom.

Hom, ntawm qhov tod tes, nyob ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov neeg siv khoom paub meej tias cov khoom qab li cas thaum lawv yuav nws. Daim ntawv qhia tsis pub leej twg paub kuj tau lees tias cov khoom tsis tuaj yeem luam tawm hauv tsev thiab yuav tsis muab luam tawm los ntawm kev sib tw.

Tab sis cov zaub mov twg tau cuam tshuam los ntawm aroma manipulation?

Cov tsw nyob qhov twg?

Txawm hais tias tsw qab hauv cov khoom noj uas tsis tau ua tiav xws li B. txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, ntses, los yog zib ntab yog txwv tsis pub, lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv txhua yam khoom noj. Yog lawm, tam sim no tsis tshua muaj cov khoom lag luam tsim thiab ntim khoom noj lossis dej haus uas tsis muaj tsw. Cov khoom noj uas muaj ntxhiab tsw ntau muaj xws li B.

• Frozen khoom ntawm txhua yam, xws li B. pizza thiab lasagne, tab sis kuj zaub tais diav
  npaj zaub mov thiab khaws cia
• cov khoom noj siv mis, xws li B. Yogurt, cheese, hnav khaub ncaws, thiab txhua yam khoom uas muaj mis nyuj.
• Qee lub sij hawm koj tsuas xav tias nws muaj cov khoom noj siv mis, thaum nws tsuas yog tsw, xws li B. Butter
• tsw
• confectionery, xws li B. pudding, chocolate, jam, txiv hmab txiv ntoo pos hniav, thiab ice cream
• cov khoom ci, xws li B. ntim khoom qab zib, biscuits, thiab qhob cij
• muesli
• dej qab zib, xws li B. dej qab zib, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo
• stimulants, xws li B. wine, kas fes, cocoa, thiab tshuaj yej
• pob ntawv kua zaub
• qab zib
• Lwm yam…

Flavors hauv tsiaj pub

Ntawm chav kawm, tsiaj tsis muaj kev cia siab rau aromas. Nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, qhov twg flavored tsiaj noj zaub mov yog tus qauv, ob feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov dev yog rog. Cov zaub mov qab zoo heev nrog qhov tsw "nqaij nyuj" lossis "roast nqaij qaib" - txawm tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nqaij nruab nrab yog 4 feem pua ​​​​ntawm feem ntau.

Cov nyuj tau noj cov khoom noj uas saj zoo li "cov nyom nyom" thaum muaj tseeb lawv tau ua los ntawm GM soy, GM pob kws, thiab cov vitamins hluavtaws.

Yog tias koj saib ntawm daim ntawv qhia rau cov tsiaj noj aromas, koj yuav pom cov lus piav qhia xws li: "Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau kev npog qhov teeb meem pub" - piv txwv li pub tsiaj uas yuav tsis kov yam tsis muaj aromas. Scandals zoo li BSE qhia txog dab tsi tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum tsiaj tsis pub noj kom tsim nyog.

Tau kawg, tib neeg zoo dua vim tias lawv tuaj yeem pom tsawg kawg ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov seb cov khoom puas muaj aromas lossis tsis. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj lus nug txog qhov tseeb ntawm no. Muaj txhua hom kev pitfalls uas yog npaj los txhob txwm dag ntxias cov neeg siv khoom.

Cov tsw muaj dab tsi?

Cov ntawv sau zaub mov siv los qhia rau koj seb koj puas tau cuam tshuam nrog ntuj, xwm-zoo tib yam, lossis cov khoom siv dag zog, tab sis txij li xyoo 2008 qhov teeb meem tau nyuaj ntxiv - rau cov neeg siv khoom - piv txwv li ua kom pom tseeb dua. Flavors tam sim no tau muab faib ua rau pawg hauv EU raws li Txoj Cai Flavors, uas peb xav nthuav qhia tsib yam ntxiv:

Qhov txawv ntawm flavors

Tsuas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov flavors thiab natural flavors, uas inevitably ua rau to taub yuam kev txhua hnub.

• Flavors lossis flavors: Yog tias daim ntawv lo tsuas hais tias "flavors" lossis "flavor", nws tuaj yeem xav tias cov flavors yog xwm-zoo tib yam lossis txawm tias khoom tsim, txhua yam ntawm cov tshuaj tsim tawm hauv chav kuaj. Ib qho tshuaj tsw qab yog suav tias yog qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam yog tias cov khoom qab zib tshwm sim hauv qhov tab sis tau tsim tshuaj lom neeg nrog zaub mov, xws li B. synthetically ua vanillin. Tsis zoo li hauv Asmeskas lossis Asia, cov khoom qab zib tsis ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes: tsuas yog 15 cov khoom qab zib tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov zaub mov. Cov no suav nrog xws li B. ethyl vanillin, anisylacetone, thiab vanillin acetate. Artificial flavour yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm rau lawv hauv qhov xwm txheej. Koj yuav pom xws li B. hauv tshuaj yej, kas fes, dej qab zib, paj npleg, qhob cij, kua ntses, cheese, thiab chocolate txhaws.
• Ntuj flavours: Txhua tus uas xav tias ntuj flavors yeej ib txwm zoo yog hmoov tsis yuam kev vim hais tias cov flavors siv tsis tas yuav muaj dab tsi ua nrog rau cov zaub mov hauv nqe lus nug (xws li strawberries nyob rau hauv strawberry yogurt). Strawberry tsw, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev los ntawm cov paub zoo sawdust (cov khoom siv ntoo lignin) - thiab sawdust paub tias yog ib yam dab tsi zoo heev. Lub npe yog li ntawd tsuas yog qhia tau hais tias cov flavorings tau txais los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso ( zaub, tsiaj, los yog microbiological (xws li poov xab)) pib cov ntaub ntawv thiab yog tsim los ntawm natural processes (xws li distillation los yog extraction). Txoj cai nruj tshaj plaws siv thaum lub npe kuj suav nrog cov khoom pib, xws li B. ntuj apricot tsw. Hauv qhov no, tsawg kawg yog 95 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab yuav tsum yog los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, qhov uas ploj lawm 5 feem pua ​​yuav yog lwm yam (natural) aromas.

Aroma extracts

Qhov no yog ib tug complex sib tov ntawm flavorings. Flavor extracts tau li no, zoo li tej yam ntuj tso flavors, xws li B. los ntawm tshuaj ntsuab, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, txuj lom, ntses, los yog nqaij (xws li vanilla extract los yog poov xab extract). Cov roj tseem ceeb xws li B. Anise roj lossis txiv kab ntxwv roj poob rau hauv pawg no.

Flavor extracts tuaj yeem suav tias yog ntuj vim tias qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom qab zib sib haum rau cov khoom noj hauv qab. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj cov tshuaj tsw qab los ntawm cov khoom tsis yog khoom noj uas xav tau kev pom zoo.

Raws li lub npe qhia, aroma extracts yog tsim los ntawm extraction siv cov kuab tshuaj xws li dej los yog cawv. Txhawm rau tsim cov vanilla extract los ntawm vanilla taum, piv txwv li B. siv cawv.

Haus luam yeeb tsw

Cov pa luam yeeb tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog kev haus luam yeeb ib txwm - cov pa luam yeeb tshwm sim hauv cov npe ntawm cov khoom xyaw - tab sis yog tsim nyob rau hauv chav kuaj los ntawm condensed thiab purified pa luam yeeb.

Haus luam yeeb flavorings tuaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si khoom thiab kua. Lawv txhais tau tias yog cov pa luam yeeb ua kua thiab muaj ntau dua 400 cov tshuaj lom neeg xws li B. aldehydes, carboxylic acids, lossis phenols.

Lub npe hu ua 3,4-benzopyrene yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tsis xav tau hauv cov pa tsw qab. Qhov no yog cov tshuaj carcinogenic uas yog thawj pab rau mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov teeb meem zoo li no hauv cov zaub mov yog txwv los ntawm txoj cai tab sis tsis txwv.

Nrog haus luam yeeb tsw z. B. flavored barbecue sauces, soups, stews, salad dressings, and of course sausage, fish (smoked salmon), and cheese.

Thermally tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv flavors

Reaction flavour yog tau los ntawm kev tswj cua sov ntawm nitrogenous thiab qab zib cov khoom xyaw (xws li nqaij npuas extract thiab dextrose). Koj tsis tas yuav hnov ​​​​tsw lossis saj ib yam dab tsi ntawm koj tus kheej, vim tias qhov aroma tsuas yog tsim thaum nws sov. Cov tshuaj tsw qab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov saj thiab tsw ntawm ntau yam khoom noj sib txawv thiab feem ntau pom hauv cov zaub mov npaj. Lawv simulate qhov tsw ntawm xws li B. kib ntses los yog kib dos.

Lwm Yam Hmoov

Tag nrho cov seem flavors uas tsis tau pom ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv plaub twb hais tias poob rau hauv qeb no. Cov no suav nrog xws li B. Barbecue Flavors. Ntau yam txheej txheem tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom qab zib los ntawm pab pawg no. Yog li, piv txwv li B. atomized tee ntawm saturated zaub roj rhuab mus rau ib tug kub ntawm tsawg kawg yog 480 ° C nyob rau hauv ib tug thib ob.

Raws li koj tau pom, nws tsis yooj yim pom los ntawm lub hav zoov aroma. Cov qauv hauv qab no tuaj yeem muab kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb rau koj.

Flavor labeling piv txwv

Yog tias koj ua tib zoo saib ntawm cov ntawv sau ntawm cov zaub mov, koj yuav pom ntau yam kev xaiv nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau flavors. Siv cov piv txwv ntawm raspberry yogurt, peb qhia li cas cov no yuav tsum tau txhais:

• Flavor lossis raspberry tsw: Ntawm no koj feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom tsw qab.
• Ntuj Flavor: Nws tsis tas yuav muaj ib qho raspberry. Txawm hais tias lub aroma muaj lub hauv paus chiv keeb, nws tuaj yeem ua tau xws li Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov kab mob lossis cov pwm, piv txwv li, tag nrho cov no yog qhov kawg nkaus.
• Ntuj aroma (hom) raspberry: Ntawm no, ib yam nkaus thiab, kev tshawb nrhiav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua tsis pom qhov twg.
• Ntuj raspberry aroma: Ntawm no cov aroma tivthaiv muaj 95 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tiag tiag - qhov seem 5 feem pua ​​​​yog qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.
• Ntuj raspberry tsw nrog lwm yam (natural) flavors: Suab zoo, tab sis nws tsis tas yuav!
• Tsawg tshaj li 95 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tsis muaj qab zib thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws los yog ntuj tsw qab yuav tau ntxiv rau cov yogurt.
• Thaum lo lus "natural" tau sau rau ntawm cov khoom noj, ntau tus neeg siv khoom feem ntau ceev nrooj qhia lawv cov kev txhawj xeeb, tab sis raws li tau hais lawm, txhua yam khoom tuaj yeem muab zais tom qab lawv.

Dab tsi yog ntuj flavors ua los ntawm?

Ntuj flavors feem ntau tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog peb xav tias lawv yuav yog. Ua ntej peb tau qhia txog strawberry tsw ua los ntawm sawdust. Txawm tias lub ntuj tsw nrog nqaij qaib tsis tas yuav tau txais los ntawm cov nqaij qaib nqaij tshiab, tab sis tuaj yeem muaj nws cov hauv paus chiv keeb hauv slaughterhouse khib nyiab. Txij li cov no yog undoubtedly natural, lub aroma yuav piav raws li ntuj.

Qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam li ntuj aroma nrog raspberry tsw. Qhov no yog raws li z. B. ntawm ib tug cedarwood roj extract. Ntawm qhov tod tes, lub ntuj aroma nrog txiv apple tsw yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm marigold roj, cawv fusel roj, thiab cov poov xab roj extract thiab tov nrog biotechnologically tau ethyl acetate. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntuj flavour tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai pwm, uas tom qab ntawd saj zoo li txiv duaj lossis txiv maj phaub.

Flavor reminiscent ntawm vanilla heev tsis tshua muaj dab tsi ua nrog vanilla taum thiab muaj peev xwm xws li B. los ntawm residues ntawm nplej ua - cov nplej bran - yog tsim. Cov ferulic acid tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov nplej nplej tau hloov pauv sai sai rau hauv vanillin hauv chav kuaj nrog kev pab ntawm cov kab mob.

Cov no tsuas yog qee qhov piv txwv uas yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb tias cov neeg siv khoom tsuas yog raug duped thaum nws los txog rau lo lus "natural flavors". Dab tsi tiag tiag nyob tom qab lub aromas feem ntau tseem zais. Yog tias cov neeg tsim khoom noj khoom haus raug nug txog qhov no, lawv tsuas yog xa mus rau kev lag luam zais cia. Txawm tias cov kws kho mob toxicologists, uas yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov aromas kom pom tias lawv tsis muaj kev phom sij, tsis muaj kev pab vim lawv tsis paub tias hom tshuaj tsw qab twg siv tiag tiag.

Raws li lub Federation for Food Law and Food Science (BLL), uas tau piav nyob rau hauv Der Spiegel raws li lub "chaw tos txais koom haum ntawm tsw manufacturers", "muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev noj cov zaub mov flavored tsis paub". Qhov kev piav qhia tsis meej no qhia tias cov khoom qab zib yuav tsis muaj teeb meem tom qab tag nrho.

Flavors tuaj yeem ua rau lom

Txawm hais tias yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom qab zib tau pom tias muaj kev nyab xeeb, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) tau ua qhov kev ntsuas kev pheej hmoo. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, nws tau kuaj xyuas seb cov khoom qab zib puas yog carcinogenic, tshuaj lom, lossis mutagenic - xya ntawm lawv twb tau raug tshem tawm ntawm kev ua lag luam vim muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab yog li tsis tso cai siv ntxiv lawm.

Qhov no suav nrog tus neeg sawv cev flavouring perilla aldehyde, uas tau siv los ntxiv cov ntawv citrus rau cov khoom ci, paj npleg, cov khoom noj nqaij, thiab dej haus. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov tshuaj tsw qab no yog genotoxic thiab ua rau DNA puas hauv daim siab.

Rau lwm cov flavors xws li. B. coumarin raug cai ntim txwv tau raug qhia vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua rau lom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau yam tshuaj - nrog rau tej yam ntuj tso - nws tseem yuav tsum tau qhia meej seb thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi concentrations lawv muaj peev xwm ua rau tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv.

Txij li cov aromas tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav undiluted vim lawv cov concentration siab, cov tshuaj ntxiv uas ua haujlwm rau dilute xaus rau hauv cov zaub mov, uas kuj tsis yog qhov tsis zoo.

Flavors: carrier substances thiab genetic engineering

Lub npe hu ua, suav nrog z. B. cornstarch, lactose, cawv, sodium acetate, los yog calcium sulfate yog tov nrog flavors. Lawv xyuas kom meej tias cov tshuaj tsw qab tuaj yeem muab tshuaj kom raug thiab sib npaug hauv cov zaub mov. Nws zoo nkaus li muaj lus nug tshwj xeeb uas cov tshuaj tsw qab, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab cov tshuaj uas ua haujlwm tsis tas yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm. Cov kuab tshuaj tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj rho tawm uas siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom qab zib feem ntau kuj tuaj yeem kuaj pom hauv cov khoom kawg.

Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov poov xab, cov kab mob, los yog cov kab mob uas siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom qab zib los yog lawv cov auxiliaries thiab additives yog hloov kho. Ntawm 39 tus neeg nqa khoom pom zoo, 20 kuj tuaj yeem tsim tau siv cov kab mob hloov pauv.

Qhov tseeb hais tias genetic engineering rau flavors tsis yog feem ntau raug rau daim ntawv lo yog ntau tshaj li xav-provoking. Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv flavored zaub mov z. B. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los ntawm cov noob pob kws hloov pauv tuaj yeem suav nrog ua tus nqa khoom yam tsis muaj qhov pom tau.

Tab sis aromas kuj tuaj yeem ua mob rau tib neeg yog tias lawv tsis muaj teeb meem kiag li vim tias lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam mus tas li thiab txawm cuam tshuam qhov hnov ​​tsw thiab saj.

Qhov no yog li cas aromas yog perceived

Nws yog feem ntau xav tias lub sijhawm txaus siab thaum noj mov feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev nkag siab ntawm saj. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov hnov ​​​​ntxhiab tsw uas txiav txim siab qhov saj, txij li ib puag ncig 90 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov kev xav tsis zoo tsis tshwm sim ntawm tus nplaig tab sis yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov cim tsis hnov ​​​​tsw.

Tsuas yog pib qhov kev sim tus kheej: tuav koj lub qhov ntswg thiab nphoo me ntsis cinnamon ntawm koj tus nplaig. Tom qab li 15 vib nas this koj tso koj lub qhov ntswg thiab koj yuav pom tias koj tsuas pom cov cinnamon tsw thaum koj lub qhov ntswg ntshiab dua.

Txhua tus uas tau mob khaub thuas thiab mob qhov ntswg paub tias zaub mov saj zoo li tsis muaj dab tsi hauv tus mob no. Yog tias peb lub qhov ntswg niaj hnub ntsib nrog cov khoom lag luam los ntawm chav ua noj aroma, qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov kev xav ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov zaub mov tsis tuaj yeem lees paub vim yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov tsw.

Flavors muaj teeb meem rau kev noj qab haus huv

Muaj ib qho laj thawj uas tsis hnov ​​tsw phem yog qhov cuam tshuam. Ua li no, peb qhov hnov ​​​​ntxhiab tsw tiv thaiv peb ntawm kev noj zaub mov uas tsis zoo los yog ua rau lwj. Yog tias tam sim no cov khoom noj tau muab cov ntxhiab tsw los ntawm chav kuaj, peb tsis tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​qab ntxiv txawm tias peb tab tom cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom tsis zoo lossis cov khoom lwj. Tsis muaj lus nug tias qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv.

Flavors tseem tuaj yeem qhia qhov kev xav tias koj noj qab haus huv. Piv txwv li, tej zaum koj yuav xav tias koj tab tom noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txaus siab rau cov vitamins, tab sis cov no tsuas yog cov tshuaj tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.

Hloov pauv, cov ntxhiab tsw uas pom tau tias qab ntxiag txhawb kev tsim cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab qaub ncaug. Qhov no cia li tsim ib qho kev xav ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis. Qhov no kuj piav qhia txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev xav tau tam sim ntawd thaum taug kev dhau lub khw muag khoom noj ceev. Nws yog qhov tsw ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab uas tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​txog mais deb thiab yuam ntau tus neeg mus yuav ib lub burger tom qab tag nrho.

Hauv qhov kev nkag siab no, nws tuaj yeem hais tau yog tias aromas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev coj cwj pwm thiab, vim li ntawd, ua rau rog rog. Cov uas tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm qhov no yog cov tuam txhab khoom noj thiab cov khoom noj ceev ceev.

Tab sis kuj muaj cov nyhuv habituation. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua tus neeg uas pheej noj cov khoom qab zib uas muaj ntxhiab tsw ntau dua li cov khoom noj ntuj yuav nws thiaj li tsis nyiam lwm yam. Cov nyhuv no yog qhov txaus ntshai tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam yaus, uas feem ntau yog cov khoom siv dag zog thiab tsis lees txais cov zaub mov ntuj.

Flavors nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj me nyuam mos

Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Hauv Tebchaws (National Breastfeeding Commission) pom zoo tias cov menyuam mos yuav tsum tau pub niam mis kom txog thaum tsawg kawg yog plaub lub hlis. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pub lawv ntxiv, tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntsev, suab thaj, thiab flavorings rau thawj ob peb lub hlis. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas cov me nyuam muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib qho saj rau cov khoom noj tiag tiag - ua lub hauv paus rau kev noj qab haus huv, yog li hais. Cov neeg tsim khoom noj me nyuam mos zoo li tsis saib xyuas.

Lub chaw Wiesbaden cov neeg siv khoom lag luam thiab lub chaw muag khoom hauv Frankfurt tau tshawb xyuas kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam Rhine-Main thiab tshawb xyuas cov npe ntawm cov khoom xyaw rau 25 cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov xav tsis thoob: Ob feem peb ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam no siv cov khoom qab zib hauv cov khoom noj me nyuam yaus thiab tsuas yog plaub lub tuam txhab organic ua yam tsis muaj lawv.

Xib Fwb Hanns Hatt los ntawm University of Bochum taw qhia tias cov khoom qab zib ua rau cov menyuam yaus xav paub txog saj. Thiab qhov ua ntej no imprint pib, nws yuav kav ntev dua.

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Technologie Transfer Zentrum Bremerhaven (TTZ) tau qhia tias cov menyuam yaus uas tau txais cov khoom noj qab zib los ntawm cov menyuam yaus kuj nyiam lawv tom qab. Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias cov menyuam yaus uas tau siv rau vanillin, cov txiv tsawb tsw qab, lossis hluavtaws strawberry flavoring nyiam cov khoom noj qab zib thiab, piv txwv li, nruj me ntsis tsis lees paub ntuj yogurt nrog strawberries tiag tiag.

Tau kawg, qhov kev sau no ua rau cov menyuam yaus loj hlob mus rau cov neeg siv khoom muaj txiaj ntsig uas ua rau lawv nyob deb ntawm cov zaub mov noj qab haus huv thiab nyiam cov zaub mov npaj thiab zaub mov ceev kom txaus siab rau lawv txoj kev tshaib kev nqhis. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim xav txog tias cov neeg no - lawv puas xav hloov lawv cov zaub mov - yuav muaj teeb meem loj nrog nws. Lawv tsuas tsis nyiam xwb.

Cov kws tshawb fawb kuj pom tias cov neeg koom nrog kev kawm me me uas tau txais cov khoom noj uas muaj tsw kuj tau noj ntau dua li cov menyuam yaus uas lawv cov zaub mov tsis tsw qab. Qhov no nyob rau hauv lem lees paub tias aromas tuaj yeem ua rau rog rog thaum yau.

Tsis muaj cov khoom tiav - tsis muaj tsw

Yog tias koj tsis xav noj cov khoom qab zib, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom ntim los yog ua tiav, lob cov zaub mov tshiab thiab npaj koj tus kheej. Vim hais tias sonorous khoom npe thiab cov duab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab, cov ntses tshiab, los yog zaub, hmoov tsis, tsis qhia cov khoom xyaw zoo thiab saj tiag.

Nws yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws - yog tias koj xav siv cov khoom lag luam npaj tau - ib txwm xaiv cov khoom noj organic vim tias ntawm no tsawg kawg yog kev siv cov xwm txheej zoo ib yam thiab cov khoom siv dag zog raug txwv thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv yuav tsis raug tsim los ntawm kev pab ntawm genetic engineering.