Madeline Adams
Millet tuaj yeem nce qib hlau. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis muaj hlau los yog yog hais tias anemia twb tshwm sim, millet yuav tsum yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov ntau zaus. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias millet tseem muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas - raws li feem ntau tau hais - yuav tsum txo qis kev siv hlau. Hauv kev xyaum, txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tau lees paub.
Noj millet tsis tu ncua yog tias koj muaj hlau tsis txaus
Cov hlau tsis muaj peev xwm muaj ntau. Nws tseem yog tus kab mob tsis muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws thoob ntiaj teb. Tag nrho ib ncig ntawm 2 billion tus neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev tsis muaj hlau, feem ntau nyob hauv cov tebchaws txom nyem. Tab sis txawm nyob hauv Europe, txog li 10 feem pua ntawm cov pej xeem thiab cov poj niam ntawm cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog txawm tias 20 feem pua tau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hlau tsis txaus.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2021, kev tshawb fawb tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Frontiers in Nutrition, uas tau qhia tias kev noj cov nplej li niaj zaus tuaj yeem nce qib hlau (ferritin qib = khaws cia hlau) thiab yog li txhim kho lossis tiv thaiv tsis muaj hlau tsis txaus.
Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm 30 txoj kev tshawb fawb txog "millet thiab anemia"
Rau qhov kev soj ntsuam meta tau hais los saum no, 22 kev tshawb fawb tib neeg thiab 8 qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv chaw soj nstuam hais txog "kev noj mov nplej thiab ntshav ntshav" tau soj ntsuam. 7 lub koom haum los ntawm 4 lub teb chaws tau koom nrog txoj kev tshawb no. Tus thawj coj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog lub koom haum International Crops Research Institute rau Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), ib lub koom haum tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1972 thiab tau mob siab rau kev txhim kho cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw ib puag ncig ntawm Asia thiab Africa.
Semi-arid txhais tau hais tias muaj lub caij qhuav ntev hauv cov cheeb tsam no, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev loj hlob zaub mov thiab feem ntau ua rau muaj kev tshaib kev nqhis. Yog li ntawd, cov tsos mob tsis txaus kuj yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb yog qhov tseeb nthuav thiab pab tau rau txhua tus neeg uas tawm tsam nrog cov qib ferritin qis thiab yog li tseem muaj hlau tsis txaus - tsis hais lawv nyob hauv Africa, Asia, lossis Europe.
"Millet tuaj yeem npog tag nrho lossis tsawg kawg ib feem loj ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov hlau niaj hnub ntawm tus neeg nruab nrab, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm peb txoj kev tshawb fawb," piav qhia Dr. Seetha Anitha, tus kws tshawb fawb, thiab tus kws qhia noj zaub mov ntawm ICRISAT. "Cov ntsiab lus hlau nyob ntawm ntau hom millet thiab yuav ua li cas cov millet ua tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, peb txoj haujlwm qhia tau hais tias millet tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj hlau tsis muaj ntshav liab. "
Vim tias millet nce qib hemoglobin li ntawm 13.2 feem pua. Hauv plaub ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam, millet kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav ferritin nce ntxiv los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 54.7 feem pua. Ob qhov txiaj ntsig - tus nqi hemoglobin thiab tus nqi ferritin hauv cov ntshav - yog siv los kuaj xyuas cov hlau tsis txaus.
Cov neeg koom nrog kev tshawb fawb yog ze li ntawm 1000 tus menyuam yaus, cov tub ntxhais hluas, thiab cov neeg laus uas niaj hnub noj cov nplej. Rau qhov sib txawv millet tau kawm, suav nrog crabgrass, pearl millet, sorghum, thiab sib tov ntawm foxtail millet, Kodo millet, thiab me me millet.
Joanna Kane-Potaka, yav tas los Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm ICRISAT hais tias "Nws feem ntau tau lees tias cov hlau los ntawm cov nplej tsis tau yooj yim bioavailable vim hais tias nws tau hais tias muaj feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv," hais tias Joanna Kane-Potaka, tus Lwm Thawj Coj General ntawm ICRISAT thiab tus kws sau ntawv ntawm kev kawm, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ib qho chaw nyob. "Txawm li cas los xij, peb qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias qhov no tsis muaj tseeb. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws. Lub bioavailability ntawm hlau los ntawm millet yog piv rau lwm yam khoom noj uas cog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov nplej tsis siab dua li lwm cov khoom noj tseem ceeb, tab sis qis dua. "
Nws kuj nyob ntawm txoj kev uas cov millet ua tiav. Thaum koj ua millet khoom noj txom ncauj nyob rau hauv lub extruder, lub bioavailability ntawm hlau nce ntau tshaj 5 zaug.
Thaum lub sij hawm fermentation, puffing (millet poppies / millet pops), thiab malting, bioavailability ntawm hlau nce peb npaug, thiab thaum lub sij hawm germination (sprouting) doubles. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nrog rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kuj tuaj yeem txo. Piv txwv li, cov ntsiab lus ntawm tannins (ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv) poob los ntawm ib nrab thaum sprouting thiab tsuas yog 5 feem pua thaum ua noj ib leeg.
Muaj ntau hlau nyob rau hauv millet
Hauv qee cov millets tshuaj xyuas, tshwj xeeb millet ntau yam tau siv nyob rau hauv uas cov ntsiab lus hlau tau nce los ntawm kev yug me nyuam / noob caj noob ces, tab sis tsis yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb, yog li nws kuj tseem xav tias millet nrog cov ntsiab lus hlau ib txwm tuaj yeem ua rau normalizing hlau. qib.
Cov nplej nplej uas koj tuaj yeem yuav los ntawm peb muaj txog 6.9 mg ntawm hlau ib 100 g hauv daim ntawv nyoos. Txawm li cas los xij, 50 g ntawm millet yog ntau tshaj qhov txaus rau ib feem, uas tom qab ntawd hnyav tsawg kawg 100 g tom qab ua noj thiab muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 3.5 mg ntawm hlau.
Nrog rau qhov xav tau hlau ntawm 10 mus rau 15 mg, uas yuav yog ib lub hlis twg. Yog tias koj muab koj cov millet noj mov nrog cov khoom noj uas muaj vitamin C, ces koj nce bioavailability ntawm hlau ntxiv, xws li B. hauv cov zaub mov nram qab no. Tab sis koj tseem tuaj yeem noj koj cov tshuaj vitamin C nrog zaub mov lossis haus ib khob me me ntawm OJ freshly squeezed.
Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov hlau tsis txaus
Plaub qhov tseem ceeb feem ntau yog siv los kuaj xyuas cov hlau tsis txaus: tus nqi ferritin, qhov hloov pauv saturation, tus nqi Hb, thiab tejzaum nws tus nqi CRP, tus nqi o.
Ferritin: Rau ferritin, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 15 thiab 100 µg / l (poj niam) thiab nruab nrab ntawm 30 thiab 100 µg / l (txiv neej) yog qee zaum muab raws li cov txiaj ntsig ib txwm muaj. Tab sis qee zaum nws kuj tau hais tias tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 40 thiab 160 µg / l yog qhov qub. Muaj qhov tsis xws luag yog tias tus nqi poob qis dua 15. Yog tias nws qis dua 10, ces ib tus xav tias tsis muaj hlau tsis txaus anemia. Lub ferritin (los yog ferritin) yog cov hlau cia.
CRP qib: Thaum muaj mob hauv lub cev, ferritin tseem nce siab, txawm hais tias tej zaum yuav muaj hlau tsis txaus. Kev mob yog li no falsifies tus nqi ferritin. Yog li yog tias koj tau nce qib ntawm qhov mob (xws li CRP) thiab cov tsos mob ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj zog, koj cov qib ferritin yuav zoo li zoo thaum koj tsis muaj hlau txaus. Txhawm rau kom paub meej ntxiv, ob qho tseem ceeb hauv qab no kuj tuaj yeem raug coj mus rau hauv tus account hauv qhov no: transferrin saturation thiab hemoglobin (Hb).
Transferrin saturation: Transferrin yog cov protein uas yog lub luag haujlwm thauj cov hlau hauv cov ntshav. Transferrin saturation tam sim no qhia tias feem pua ntawm cov thauj khoom thauj khoom nrog hlau. Ib txwm yog tus nqi ntawm 20 mus rau 50 feem pua. Tus nqi qis (qis dua 20 feem pua) txhais tau tias ob peb cov neeg thauj khoom thauj khoom nrog hlau, qhia tias muaj hlau tsis txaus. Transferrin saturation tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm o.
Hemoglobin: Tus nqi hemoglobin ntawm 12 txog 13 g / dl yog suav tias yog ib txwm. Cov nqi hauv qab no 12 qhia tias muaj hlau tsis txaus. Tab sis txawm tias tus nqi no tsuas yog poob thaum lub khw muag khoom hlau twb khoob lawm. Hemoglobin yog cov xim ntshav liab uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev thauj cov pa oxygen.
Hlau: Tus nqi hlau hauv cov ntshav, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig vim tias nws tuaj yeem nyob ib puag ncig lub sijhawm ntev thaum cov khw muag khoom tau ntev lawm thiab tus neeg mob tau ntev muaj cov tsos mob tsis txaus.
