Avocado: Kuwunika kwa Moyo Wathu Palibe Choyipa Kuposa Chazakudya Zina

[lwptoc]

Kaŵirikaŵiri, amanenedwa kuti mapeyala ndi tsoka lachilengedwe, chakudya chapamwamba chomwe chili ndi mkhalidwe woipa wa chilengedwe. M'malo mwake, mapeyala ndi chakudya chapamwamba kwambiri chomwe sichimayipa kwambiri kuposa zakudya zina zambiri potengera chilengedwe.

Kuwunika kwa moyo wa avocado

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2016, a Die Zeit adalemba za "Nthano ya mapeyala abwino" ndipo adalongosola zachilendo zooneka ngati peyala kuti ndizokayikitsa kwambiri zachilengedwe. Panthawiyo, wolemba Zeit wofananayo adadzifunsa ngati zinali "zabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi ngati ogula aku Germany atasintha nkhumba ndi batala ndi mapiri a mapeyala".

Ndizowona kuti palibe aliyense amene amadya “mapiri a mapeyala” chifukwa mutha kuviika kapena msuzi kuchokera pamenepo, kusakaniza chipatsocho mu smoothie kapena kusakaniza mu saladi, kuti musagwiritse ntchito ngati chakudya chofunikira. Komabe, ngati mukufunadi kudya chipatsocho m’malo mwa nkhumba ndi batala, mapiri angabweredi. Timawunika momwe mapeyala amayendera moyo wake ndikufanizira mwachitsanzo ndi nkhumba ndi batala.

Choncho mapeyala ambiri amadyedwa

Ngakhale kuti pafupifupi matani a 60,000 a mapeyala adatumizidwa ku Germany ku 2016, m'chaka chomwecho matani 5.57 miliyoni a nkhumba (ofanana ndi nkhumba za 60 miliyoni zomwe zinaphedwa) ndi matani a 516,000 a batala anapangidwa ku Germany kokha. Choncho, anthu a ku Germany amadya nkhumba yochuluka kuwirikiza ka 100 kuposa mapeyala ndiponso batala wochuluka kuwirikiza ka 10.

Mavuto a chilengedwe a nyama ndi mkaka amadziwika bwino. Kodi sizingakhale bwino kusintha ma avocado? Tiyeni tiwone zotsutsa zomwe zimaperekedwa pa avocado.

Zomwe zimatsutsidwa za avocado sizomwe zili mkati mwake, chifukwa mafuta ake ndi mavitamini ali ndi thanzi labwino, koma chilengedwe chake chimatsutsidwa, koma choyamba chomwe chingathe kusintha malo ndi kulima kwake komwe kumati ndi kovuta kwambiri. Kuti tichitire fanizo izi, Die Zeit imatengera wowerenga ulendo wopita ku Africa.

Mapeyala amasintha mawonekedwe

Ivi vinguchitikiya ku munda wa avocado ku chigaŵa cha South Africa cha Limpopo, ko mungacheza ndi “avocado mania”. Chochitikacho chikulongosoledwa motere: “Sipadzakhalanso chitsamba chochepa, sikudzakhalanso udzu wobulauni, ndipo sikudzakhalanso nyumba zamalata za Azulu, sikudzakhalanso m’mphepete mwa msewu wodzadutsa agalu, m’malo mwake: sipadzakhalanso mitengo ya mapeyala. Momwe maso angawonere. […] kukula kwake kofanana, pafupifupi mamita awiri, masamba ake ndi obiriŵira kwambiri, ngati kuti fumbi ndi chilala sizingawavulaze.”

Zikumveka ngati derali lawona kusintha. Chifukwa mitengo nthawi zonse imakhala yabwino kuposa agalu akuthamanga, fumbi, ndi chilala. Mwachiwonekere, palibe nkhalango yamvula yomwe inadulidwa ku mitengo ya mapeyala, yomwe ili yosiyana kwambiri ndi soya, yomwe imafunika monga chakudya cha nkhumba ndi ng'ombe.

Kubzala mitengo m'madera a chilala mu permaculture pafupifupi amaonedwa ngati njira yothetsera chonde kumadera opanda chonde komanso kupulumutsa nyengo. Mitengo imatha kukweza madzi, kuletsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka, ndipo imadziwika kuti imapangitsa mvula kugwa mosavuta. Nkhalango yosakanizika ingakhale yabwino kusiyana ndi ulimi umodzi, koma yotsirizirayo ingakhale yabwino kusiyana ndi malo owonongeka omwe moyo sungatheke. Chifukwa chake mu chitsanzo ichi, mutha kunena kuti mapeyala adasintha mawonekedwe kuti akhale abwino.

Kulima mapeyala sikovuta

Kenako imapitilira ndi mlandu woti mapeyala ndi ovuta kwambiri. Kumezanitsidwa kwa mitengo ya mapeyala akufotokozedwa motalika ngati kuti sitepe iyi ndi chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa mtengo wa mapeyala kukhala wovuta kwambiri. Koma masiku ano palibe mitengo yazipatso imene siimezetsanidwa, mwina osati m’kukula kwa zipatso zamalonda.

M'malo mwake, chonde yesani kupeza chomwe chimatchedwa mtengo wa zipatso wosadulidwa. Nthawi zambiri pali akatswiri okha nazale kwa chilengedwe okonda munda amene amapereka zinthu zoterezi, koma mwachizolowezi mtengo nazale ndithu. Chifukwa chake sikungakhale kumaliza komwe kumapangitsa mtengo wa avocado kukhala chinthu chovuta kwambiri.

Alimi ochepa a mapeyala ocheperako

Kenako akudzudzulidwa kuti pali minda yayikulu ya mapeyala yocheperako, pomwe minda yaying'ono yambiri ikutha. Apanso, iyi si vuto lokhalo lomwe limakhudzana ndi kulima avocado, koma vuto lomwe likuwoneka kuti lilipo paliponse. Kotero pali alimi ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono a mkaka, masitolo ocheperako ndi ochepa, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono, ogulitsa mabuku ang'onoang'ono, masitolo ang'onoang'ono a zamagetsi, ndi zina zotero.

Zoipa pa chilengedwe: kumwa madzi avocado

Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, mapeyala amamwa kwambiri madzi ndi ofunika kwambiri pa chilengedwe cha mapeyala, makamaka ngati amalimidwa m’madera ouma. Ngakhale kuti kilogalamu imodzi ya tomato imatha ndi pafupifupi malita 180 a madzi pa avareji, kilogalamu imodzi ya letesi yokhala ndi malita pafupifupi 130, ndipo kilogalamu imodzi ya mapeyala imagwiritsa ntchito malita 1,000. Ndipo chifukwa mukuganiza kuti mapeyala amalemera magalamu 400, mumamaliza malita 1,000 a madzi pa mapeyala awiri ndi theka.

Komabe, chithunzi choyambirira cha nkhani ya Zeit chikuwonetsa mapeyala a Hass. Izi kawirikawiri zimalemera kuposa 200 g. Ndipo pali kale mapeyala owirikiza kawiri pa malita 1,000 a madzi. Izo akadali osati makamaka mkulu zokolola, ndi kilogalamu ndi kilogalamu, koma m'munsi chiwerengero, mochititsa chidwi kwambiri nkhani zikumveka ndi ndendende zimene mukufuna kukwaniritsa.

Mkaka ndi madzi a apulo amafuna madzi ofanana

Ngati inu tsopano muyang'ana pa chofunika madzi ndipo motero bwino zachilengedwe zakudya zina, mwamsanga zikuonekeratu kuti mapeyala sakuimira wamkulu chilengedwe tsoka kuposa mkaka ndi apulo madzi chifukwa cha kumwa madzi okha, ndipo alibe ngakhale kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwachilengedwe koyipa kuposa khofi.

Izi zimafuna malita 140 a madzi pa kapu (7 g ya nyemba za khofi/ufa), pafupifupi magalamu 200 a mapeyala. Vuto pano, komabe, ndikuti mapeyala samadyedwa paliponse pafupi ndi kuchuluka komwe khofi amadyedwa. Ndiiko komwe, ndani amamatira kapu imodzi yokha ya khofi patsiku?

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, nyama imafuna kuwirikiza kanayi mpaka khumi ndi kasanu kuchuluka kwa madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mapeyala, tchizi kasanu, ndi mazira oposa katatu, kotero chonde weruzani nokha chakudya chomwe chidzapangitse dziko lathu kugwa. Si avocado ayi.

140 malita a madzi kwa kapu ya khofi

Webusayiti ya Virtual Water imanena kuti malita 140 omwe amafunikira kapu ya khofi kale kuposa momwe timamwa tsiku lililonse la malita 125 pamunthu. M'dera lathu, khofi ndi yosafunikira ngati avocado, ngati sichoncho, popeza sichakudya, koma chakudya chapamwamba komanso chimachokera kumadera otentha, mwachitsanzo, wayenda mtunda wautali ndipo chifukwa chake ndi chilichonse. kuchokera kumalingaliro a otsutsa avocado ena osati ovomerezeka ndi chilengedwe (onani gawo lotsatira).

Ngati munthu aliyense amadya makilogalamu 40 a mapeyala pachaka m'malo mwa ma kilogalamu 40 a nkhumba, ndiye kuti izi zimagwirizana ndi kupulumutsa madzi kwa malita 150,000 pa munthu pachaka.

Kuchokera pazakudya, komabe, sizomveka kuyerekeza kumwa madzi pa kilogalamu. Chifukwa mutatha mapeyala awiri (400 g) mumangomva kukhuta. Pambuyo awiri lalikulu tomato kapena letesi, mwina ayi. Mwinamwake wina ayenera kufananiza kumwa madzi pa kilocalories. Koma kenako zinthu zimaoneka mosiyana kwambiri. Kenako tomato amafunikira madzi okwanira 50 peresenti kuposa mapeyala. Kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwa ma avocado sikuli koyipa monga momwe timakhulupirira poyerekeza ndi zakudya zina.

List: kumwa madzi chakudya

M'munsimu muli mndandanda wa zakudya zina zomwe zimamwa madzi:

• 15,450 malita a madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya ng'ombe
• 21,000 malita pa kilogalamu imodzi ya khofi wokazinga (malita 140 pa 7 g chikho)
• 5,000 malita pa kilogalamu imodzi ya tchizi
• 4,800 malita pa kilogalamu imodzi ya nkhumba
• Malita 3,900 pa kilogalamu imodzi ya nyama yankhuku
• Malita 3,400 pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mpunga
• 3,300 malita pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mazira
• 2,800 malita pa kilogalamu imodzi ya mapira
• Malita 2,400 pa burger ya McDo…
• Malita 1,470 pa kilogalamu imodzi ya katsitsumzukwa
• 1,300 malita pa kilogalamu imodzi ya tirigu
• 1,000 malita pa lita imodzi ya mkaka
• 950 malita pa lita imodzi ya madzi aapulo
• 900 malita pa kilogalamu imodzi ya chimanga
• 860 malita pa kilogalamu imodzi ya nthochi
• 700 malita pa kilogalamu imodzi ya maapulo

Njira zazitali zoyendera sizinthu zapadera

Kenako, m'nkhani ya Zeit, avocado akuimbidwa mlandu waulendo wautali wamayendedwe omwe amayenera kuyenda mpaka atayikidwa pashelefu ya sitolo. Poyamba pagalimoto yopita ku gombe, kenako ndi zoziziritsira mpweya, mwachitsanzo, zowononga mphamvu, sitima zapamadzi kupita ku doko la ku Ulaya ndipo kuchokera kumeneko kupita kwa ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa. Popeza sagwirizana ndi ming'alu, mapeyala amafunikira zinthu zambiri zoyikapo, zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri chilengedwe.

Mfundo zonsezi zimakhudza pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse chomwe chimatumizidwa ku Ulaya kuchokera kumadera otentha. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, khama la nthochi likuwoneka lapamwamba kwambiri, koma palibe amene ali ndi chidwi chifukwa mwina adazolowera nthochi monyanyira.

Kuyang'ana kwaposachedwa pamsika - kaya organic kapena wamba - kukuwonetsanso (mu Seputembala 2018) kuti mapeyala nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa osapakidwa m'mabokosi ang'onoang'ono, otsika makatoni. Mabokosiwo samapakidwa ndi pulasitiki. Inde, masitolo ena otchuka (Lidl) amaperekanso mapeyala muukonde wa magalamu 400 popanda zopangira zowonjezera. Malinga ndi Die Zeit, ukonde uyenera kukhala ndi mapeyala amodzi. Komabe, alipo anayi.

Nthochi ndi nyama zimapitanso ku zipinda zakupsa

Pamapeto pake, ndi chipinda chakucha chomwe chadzudzulidwa kwambiri chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndipo akuti chimasokoneza kwambiri chilengedwe cha avocado. Kumeneko, mapeyala ena amathera masiku asanu ndi limodzi (omwe amalembedwa kuti “ndidyeni” kapena “okonzeka kudya”) asanakafike kumsika. Chifukwa mapeyala nthawi zambiri amakhala osalimba ndipo amatenga milungu iwiri mpaka atakonzeka kudya. Chifukwa chake, zimakhala zovuta kuti anthu ambiri aziphatikiza muzakudya zawo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zipinda zakucha zikhazikike.

Komabe, mudakali ndi mwayi wofikira mapeyala omwe sanakhalepo m'zipinda zakupsa. Koma monga zidziŵika bwino, ng’ombe imasungidwanso m’zipinda zakucha kwa masiku angapo. Koma wina amalankhula mwaukadaulo za "kucheza", pomwe mwachiwonekere ndizonyansa kuti mapeyala azikhala m'zipinda zakucha. Zakudya zina zambiri zimasungidwa kwa miyezi ingapo m'zipinda zomwe zimakhalanso zoziziritsa mpweya (zomwe zimatchedwa kuti masitolo a CA), monga mbatata kapena maapulo, kotero kuti zakudya izi zikhozanso kutsutsidwa chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwa chilengedwe.

Palibe mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amatsalira mu avocado

Ngakhale malo ena a pa intaneti amanena kuti mapeyala ali ndi chiwopsezo choopsa, chomwe ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo pakhungu, kwenikweni, mapeyala ndi amodzi mwa Clean 15, mwachitsanzo, zipatso 15 zomwe zili ndi mankhwala ochepa kwambiri. Simakopeka konse ndi tizilombo chifukwa cha chigoba chake chokhuthala komanso cholimba komanso sichimakonda kudwala mafangasi.

Chifukwa chake palibe zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo pachipatso - ndipo ngati zili choncho, zotsalira zokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu zipatso za citrus zikatha kukolola kuti zisinthe moyo wawo wa alumali (mwachitsanzo thiabendazole), koma zotsalira izi ndizosowa. Koma maapulo asanu ndi anayi mwa khumi aliwonse a ku Germany amakhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo angapo nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala amodzi mwa mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Sankhani zabwino kapena zoyipa zachilengedwe pogula!

Avocado ali ngati chakudya china chilichonse. Mutha kuwapanga m'zigawo zosayenera mu monocultures ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Komabe, amathanso kulimidwa kwambiri mu chikhalidwe chosakanikirana ndi organic m'madera omwe amagwa mvula nthawi zonse. Ndi mtundu uti womwe umakhalapo komanso ngati mumagula mapeyala ocha kale kapena omwe Ogula amasankha kuti zipse kunyumba, kuti aliyense wa ife azitha kukhudza moyo wa chakudya!

Zoonadi, mapeyala a organic amayenera kunyamulidwa kaye, koma ngati nthawi zambiri mumakana kunyamula chakudya, mutha kupitanso kwa alimi omwe ali pafupi nawo ndikusunga zakudya zanyengo ndi madera okhawo. Ndiyeno, ndithudi, khofi, nthochi, zipatso za citrus, mango, zinanazi, ndi mitundu yambiri ya tiyi, koko, ndi chokoleti n’zoletsedwa. Ndipo popeza kuti chakudya chimatumizidwanso tsiku lililonse mkati mwa Germany ndi ku Ulaya, osatchulapo zonyamula ziweto, mfundo yakuti “Sindidya chilichonse chimene chatengedwa mtunda wautali” imaletsa kusankha chakudya kwambiri.

Nyama ndi mkaka sizingakhalenso mwayi wosankha, makamaka kwa otsutsa mapeyala ndi anthu omwe amatsogozedwa ndi momwe chakudya chimakhalira, chifukwa chakudya (soya ndi chimanga) chimachokera kumayiko akunja komanso zogulitsa zanyama zimaposa zakudya zina zilizonse. kumwa madzi.

Chifukwa chake palibe chifukwa chotsekereza manja anu ku avocado, makamaka mapeyala achilengedwe.