Bowa Wodyedwa Ndi Ubwino Wake Wathanzi Lambiri

Kaya bowa wa chanterelle, porcini, bowa, kapena bowa wa oyster - bowa wa kwathu komweko amadya ali ndi zinthu ziwiri zofanana: Amakoma ndipo ndi athanzi!

Bowa wathanzi edible ndi mankhwala

Bowa wodyedwa nthawi zambiri ndi wocheperapo ndipo nthawi zambiri amangodyedwa pang'ono. Palibe amene akudziwa kuti bowa, shiitake, ndi bowa wa oyster ali ndi machiritso osangalatsa. Ngakhale pali bowa wapadera wamankhwala, omwe ambiri amachokera ku Asia ndipo amatengedwa ngati zakudya zowonjezera zakudya kapena mankhwala, mwachitsanzo B. bowa wa Cordyceps, omwe amakupangitsani kukhala amphamvu komanso ogwira ntchito kapena bowa wa Reishi, omwe amalimbana ndi khansa, amachepetsa ululu wa nyamakazi komanso amachotsa poizoni m'chiwindi.

Komabe, m'nkhaniyi, tiyang'ana pa bowa wodyedwa, womwe umakhalanso ndi zakudya zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi machiritso ena ndipo mukhoza kuziphatikiza mosavuta mu ndondomeko yanu ya zakudya nthawi zambiri.

Ufumu wa Bowa

Bowa ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa kwambiri chifukwa ndi zosakanizidwa pakati pa zinyama ndi zomera ndipo zimapanga ufumu wodziimira payekha pakati pa zamoyo. Ngakhale zimangokhala ngati zomera, zimapuma mpweya wabwino - monga nyama ndi anthu - ndipo zimadya zinthu zachilengedwe (monga nkhuni, tizilombo). Komanso, bowa ali ndi makoma ma cell ngati zomera. Komabe, makoma a ma cell a bowa samapangidwa ndi cellulose, koma a chitin, monga zipolopolo za tizilombo.

Pafupifupi mitundu 100,000 ya bowa imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi, koma akuti pakhoza kukhala mitundu yopitilira miliyoni. Mtundu uliwonse wa bowa uli ndi kamangidwe kake. Bowa akamawombera pansi, amawoneka olimba mtima - ali ndi ambulera ndi chipewa. Koma zomwe zimathera mumiphika yathu yophikira ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la bowa weniweni.

Chifukwa ichi ndi thupi la fruiting, lomwe limapezeka mwa apo ndi apo ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kubereka. Zina zonse za bowa zimakhala ngati zomwe zimatchedwa mycelium mobisa kapena mumitengo yamitengo. Mycelium, yomwe ingathe kufananizidwa ndi mizu ya zomera, imakhala ndi ulusi wautali kwambiri (hyphae) womwe umagwira madzi ndi chakudya.

Bowa ambiri amalowa mu symbiosis ndi zomera. Mbalamezi zimazungulira mizu ya mitengo m'nthaka ndi kuyamwa shuga wopangidwa ndi mtengowo. Kumbali ina, bowawo amapereka chakudya m’mitengo. Mitundu ina ya bowa ndi zomera ndizoyandikana kwambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, B. bolete kapena safironi nthawi zambiri imakhala pansi pa pine, pamene bowa wa birch - monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera - amakonda kukhala ndi ma birch. Ichinso n’chifukwa chake anthu odziwa kuthyola bowa amadziŵa bwino lomwe kumene amuna amakonda kukhala m’nkhalango.

Bowa wodyera kukhitchini

Munthu wakhala akudya bowa kuyambira Stone Age. Ngakhale m'masiku akale, bowa zomwe zimadyedwa zimasungidwa poumitsa ndikusungidwa m'nyengo yozizira. M’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages, ankaonedwa ngati chakudya cha anthu osauka, koma m’nthawi ya Baroque, ankaonedwanso ngati chakudya chokoma kwambiri.

Bowa anali bowa woyamba kulimidwa ku Ulaya - makamaka ku France - pafupifupi 1650. Zosiyana ku Japan: Pano z. B. Bowa wa Shiitake wakhala akulimidwa kwa zaka zosachepera 2,000.

Masiku ano, bowa wodyedwa amakhala ndi mbiri yabwino padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amathandizira kwambiri pakudya bwino. Njira zokonzekera ndizosiyanasiyana: mutha kudya bowa zosaphika, zokazinga, zophika kapena kuphika. Bowa wothira mafuta kapena viniga kapena wothira mpaka ufa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukhitchini. Bowa wouma atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, koma ayenera kunyowetsedwa kaye asanamwe kapena kukonzedwanso.

Ku Central Europe kokha kuli mazana a mitundu ya bowa wodyedwa, ndi bowa wa batani, chanterelles, bowa wa oyster, bowa wa porcini, morel, truffles, bowa weniweni wopatsa chidwi, ndi bowa wa shiitake omwe amakondedwa chifukwa amatha kugulidwa pafupifupi kulikonse. Koma komanso mitundu yochepa yodziwika bwino, monga violet knightling, yomwe imatengedwa kuti imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi bowa wabwino kwambiri wodyedwa.

Bowa ndi wathanzi chifukwa…

…ndiwopereka zakudya zapamwamba zamitundumitundu:

Bowa amapereka mapuloteni ofunika kwambiri

Bowa wina ali ndi mapuloteni ambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu yambiri ya masamba - makamaka bowa wa porcini wokhala ndi mapuloteni a 5.5%. Bowa, bowa wa oyster, ndi chanterelles amaperekabe 2 mpaka 3 peresenti koma alibe mapuloteni ambiri kuposa sipinachi kapena broccoli.

Zakudya zamafuta mu bowa

Bowa ali ndi ulusi wambiri, womwe umathandizira kugaya chakudya, umateteza ku khansa ya m'matumbo, komanso umachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Ngakhale bungwe la Germany Society for Nutrition (DGE) limalimbikitsa 30 g ya zakudya zopatsa thanzi patsiku, 20 g yokha ndiyomwe imadyedwa pafupifupi m'mayiko olemera.

Bowa ali ndi hemicellulose wambiri, ulusi womwe umapangitsa kuti munthu azimva kukhuta, zomwe zingakhale zothandiza makamaka kwa iwo omwe ali onenepa kwambiri. Komanso kumawonjezera chochuluka cha chopondapo ndi Imathandizira ndimeyi chakudya kudzera matumbo thirakiti.

Chodziwika kwambiri cha bowa ndi fiber chitin yomwe yatchulidwa kale. Ichinso ndi chifukwa chake anthu ena amalephera kugaya bowa mosavuta. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chimbudzi chikhoza kusonkhezeredwa kwa nthawi yaitali ngati bowa amaperekedwa nthawi zambiri.

Langizo: Mukadula bwino bowa kapena mukamatafuna bowa wanu, chitin chimasungunuka kwambiri.

Zakudya za fiber zimatengera mtundu wa bowa. Momwemonso mwachitsanzo, 100 g wa bowa watsopano amakhala ndi 2 g, chanterelles 5.5 g, porcini bowa 7 g, ndi truffles mpaka 16 g fiber. Poyerekeza, pakati pa ndiwo zamasamba, nandolo zobiriwira zili pakati pa otsogolera ndipo zimakhala ndi pafupifupi 5 g wa fiber.

Minerals mu bowa

Bowa amapereka mchere wambiri monga potaziyamu, chitsulo, selenium, ndi zinki.

Potaziyamu

Kuperewera kwa potaziyamu kungagwirizane ndi kusafuna kudya, kumasuka kwa minofu, ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya mtima. Bowa ndi m'gulu la zakudya zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu kwambiri ndipo mwachitsanzo, B. 20 peresenti ya potaziyamu kuposa nyama. Bowa, chanterelles, ndi porcini ndizofunika kwambiri pano, mlingo wovomerezeka wa potaziyamu tsiku lililonse ukhoza kuphimbidwa mpaka 30 peresenti ndi gawo la bowa watsopano.

Iron

Bowa wina monga B. chanterelle - ndi gwero lamtengo wapatali lachitsulo ndipo motero amalepheretsa kuchepa kwa magazi (kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi), kusowa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, ndi zotsatira zina zambiri za kusowa kwachitsulo ndi kudya nthawi zonse. 100 g ya chanterelles yatsopano imakhala ndi 6.5 mg yachitsulo, yomwe imaphatikizapo theka la zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku za 10 mpaka 15 mg.

Selenium

Selenium imateteza ku ma free radicals, imalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, ndikuyambitsa mahomoni a chithokomiro. DGE imalimbikitsa 30 mpaka 70 µg selenium patsiku kwa achinyamata ndi akulu chifukwa iwo omwe amamwa pang'ono kwambiri paziwopsezo zimawonjezera kutenga matenda. Malinga ndi ofufuza, komabe, palinso kugwirizana pakati pa kuchepa kwa selenium ndi matenda monga khansa, matenda a mtima, ndi rheumatism. Choncho ndikofunikira kwambiri kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi selenium, kuphatikizapo bowa.

Bowa wa porcini wobadwa ku nkhalango zathu ndi amodzi mwa magwero abwino kwambiri a selenium, 100 g imakhala ndi 184 µg yochuluka. Poyerekeza, zomwe zili mu selenium mu bowa wa shiitake ndi 76 µg ndipo za bowa wa birch ndi 8 µg.

nthaka

Kaya metabolism, chitetezo cha mthupi, kapena mahomoni: Zinc imakwaniritsa ntchito zambiri zofunika m'thupi. Malinga ndi World Health Organization (WHO), mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa zinc ndi 12 mpaka 15 mg.

Zinc zomwe zili mu bowa ndizofanana ndi nsomba ndipo zili pakati pa 0.5 ndi 1 mg. Pansi pa 0.9 mg, bowa wa oyisitara ali kumapeto kwa sikelo iyi, pomwe bowa wa porcini ndi wopitilira apo, womwe ndikupereka 1.5 mg wa zinki.

Mavitamini mu bowa

Bowa amathandiziranso kuphimba zofunika za tsiku ndi tsiku za vitamini A, vitamini B, ndi vitamini D.

vitamini A

Zotsatira za kuchepa kwa vitamini A zikuphatikizapo B. kudwala matenda, kuuma tsitsi mpaka tsitsi, kusawona bwino, kuchepa kwa ayironi, ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa. Vitamini A amapezeka makamaka m'minofu ya nyama, koma zoyambira zake, monga B. beta-carotene, zimakhalanso muzomera ndi bowa ndipo zimasinthidwa kukhala vitamini A m'thupi.

Zomwe zimafunikira tsiku lililonse ndi 1 mg wa vitamini A, womwe umafanana ndi 6 mg wa beta-carotene. 100 magalamu atsopano a chanterelles ali ndi 0.2 mg ya vitamini A, yomwe mungathe kuphimba 20 peresenti ya zofunikira zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Vitamini B

Komanso pankhani ya vitamini B, bowa sayenera kunyozedwa. B. 100 g wa bowa watsopano ali ndi 35 peresenti ya mlingo wovomerezeka wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa vitamini B5 ndi 28 peresenti ya vitamini B2, pamene bowa wa oyisitara uli ndi 0.2 mg wa vitamini B1 ndipo chofunika ndi 20 peresenti.

Kuphatikiza apo, bowa ndiwofunikanso kugulitsa niacin ndipo ayenera kufananizidwa ndi nyama ndi nsomba pankhaniyi. Mutha kuphimba 100 peresenti ya 3 peresenti ya niacin (B100) yomwe mumafunikira tsiku lililonse ndi magalamu okha a chanterelles atsopano.

vitamini D

Ku Germany, pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya anthu akuluakulu amadwala matenda osowa vitamini D.

Vitamini D sangathe kupangidwa ndi thupi lokha. Chakudya, kumbali ina, chimathandizira pang'ono chabe kuphimba kufunikira kwa vitamini D ndipo chifukwa chake chikhoza kunyalanyazidwa. Nsomba zokha ndi zomwe zimapatsa vitamini D wambiri. Bowa angathandize pano. Ngakhale sangathe kuphimba kufunikira kwa vitamini D, mutha kuthandizanso - 2 mpaka 3 µg wa vitamini D.

Zotsatira za bowa pamankhwala achi China

Akatswiri akale ankadziwa kuti bowa sungangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya komanso ngati mankhwala. Adalemba choncho z. B. Plinius Mkulu mu ntchito yake "Naturalis Historia" (kafukufuku wachilengedwe) nthawi zina za kuchiritsa kwa larch polypore, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi matenda a m'mimba ndi khungu.

Mabuku ena ambiri azitsamba adatsata zaka mazana ambiri, mwachitsanzo B. "buku la zitsamba" lolembedwa ndi Adamus Lonicerus, lofalitsidwa mu 1679, momwe bowa wokhala ndi mankhwala amakhala ndi malo osatha. Mwachitsanzo, khutu la Yudasi linagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zotupa, stinkhorn inathandiza polimbana ndi gout, ndipo bowa la uchi linagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala otsekemera, omwe chiyambi cha dzina (Gehena - kutanthauza gehena - mu A) akuyenera kusonyeza mosakayikira.

Koma chidziwitso chokhudza machiritso a bowa wodyedwa chinayamba kuiwalika - makamaka Kumadzulo. Izi zachitika makamaka chifukwa - kupatula bowa - palibe amene amadziwa momwe angalimidwe ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale sikutheka.

Komabe, ku East Asia - makamaka ku Japan, China, Indonesia, ndi Korea - zinthu ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Kuno, kumene mankhwala achikhalidwe ndi amakono amatha kukhala pamodzi mwamtendere, bowa wamankhwala wakhala akusangalala ndi kutchuka kosatha. Myotherapy (mankhwala a bowa) amadziwika mbali imodzi ndi miyambo yakale ya naturopaths ndipo kumbali ina ndi maphunziro a zachipatala. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mawu akuti myotherapy angabwerenso kwa wofufuza bowa Prof. Jan Ivan Lelley ndipo malingaliro otsatirawa amachokera ku chuma chake chambiri cha chidziwitso.

Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, chidwi cha mankhwala a bowa chatsitsimutsidwanso kumayiko akumadzulo. Chofunikira chinali chakuti anthu ochulukirachulukira - kaya asayansi kapena ayi - akusangalala kwambiri ndi njira zina zochiritsira (kuphatikiza mankhwala achi China). Chidziwitsocho chinapezekanso kuti osati aku Asia okha komanso bowa wathu wamba ndi ofunika kwambiri pamankhwala. Tikufuna tsopano kukudziwitsani atatu mwa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Bowa amateteza ku khansa

Bowawa amadziwikanso kuti Egerlinge m'mayiko olankhula Chijeremani ndipo ali m'gulu la bowa wodziwika kwambiri. Pali mitundu yambiri ya bowa, koma Egerling wamitundu iwiri (Agaricus bisporus) ndi womwe umagulitsidwa kwambiri. Bowa wolimidwa ndi bowa womwe umalimidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - pafupifupi matani 1.5 miliyoni amapangidwa chaka chilichonse ku Europe ndi North America kokha.

Bowa ndiwabwino kwa anthu omwe angafune kuonda, koma odwala gout, odwala matenda ashuga, komanso odwala kuthamanga kwa magazi ayeneranso kuphatikiza bowa wokoma pazakudya zawo pafupipafupi. Kutsika kwa sodium ndi shuga, potaziyamu ndi vitamini wambiri komanso chimbudzi cham'mimba chimapangitsa kuti odwalawo apindule kwambiri ndi bowa.

Bowa alibe chikhalidwe chachitali ku Asia, koma kale ndi bowa wodziwika bwino wamankhwala. Motero, puloteni yotchedwa tyrosinase, z. B. amateteza UV cheza, kupereka antihypertensive kwenikweni. Kuphatikiza apo, asing'anga a ku China amalimbikitsa amayi oyamwitsa kuti azidya bowa nthawi zonse chifukwa amatha kuwonjezera kupanga mkaka.

Pakalipano, kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti bowa - kuphatikizapo bowa la batani - amatsutsana ndi zotupa. Asayansi aku China ali ndi z. Zinawonetsedwa, mwachitsanzo, kuti kuchotsa bowa kumatha kukwaniritsa 90 peresenti yoletsa kukula kwa zotupa zowopsa za minofu.

Ofufuza a City of Hope Cancer Center pafupi ndi Los Angeles awonetsanso kuti bowa ali ndi zotsatira zotsutsana ndi khansa ndipo z. B. kuchepetsa kukula kwa zotupa za m'mawere. Izi zimachitika chifukwa bowa amalepheretsa enzyme aromatase, yomwe imathandizira kupanga estrogen. M'lingaliro limeneli, kudya bowa kumatetezanso.

ntchito:

Bowa saperekedwa kawirikawiri ngati bowa wouma koma amatha kugulidwa mwatsopano chaka chonse. Kuti musangalale ndi mphamvu yochiritsa ya bowa, komabe, 100 mpaka 150 g iyenera kudyedwa 2 mpaka 3 pa sabata.

Bowa wa oyster amawongolera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol

Bowa wa oyster kapena bowa wa oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi. Zimamera pamitengo ndi nthambi za mitengo pamene zimadya lignin m'mitengo. Ku Germany, beech wamba ndi malo omwe amakonda. Bowa wa oyster ndi bowa wotchuka kwambiri wodyedwa ndipo amalimidwa mochuluka - pafupifupi matani 2.5 miliyoni amakololedwa padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse.

Mu TCM, bowa wouma wa oyisitara amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachitsanzo B. amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa mitsempha ndikupumula minyewa. Koma bowa wa oyster wadzipangiranso mbiri muzamankhwala amakono. Choncho pezani zipatso zouma matupi z. B. ku China kuchiza lumbago ndi miyendo ndi kuuma kwa tendon, pomwe ku Czech Republic zotulutsa za bowa wa oyster amatengedwa kuti apewe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol.

Kafukufuku wa Leibniz University of Hanover wasonyeza kuti kudya bowa wa oyster nthawi zonse kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pamilingo yamafuta amagazi.

Ophunzira 20 omwe ali ndi cholesterol yokwezeka pang'ono adziika pantchito yasayansi kwa milungu itatu. Pamene gulu lina linkadya 600 ml ya supu ya bowa wouma wa oyisitara tsiku lililonse, gulu lolamulira lidalandiranso supu ya phwetekere yofanana. M'mayesero amenewo omwe adadya msuzi wa bowa, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa triglycerides - chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi kutupa kwa kapamba - kunapezeka poyerekeza ndi gulu lolamulira. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa cholesterol "yoyipa" ya LDL komanso kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yonse kunayesedwa m'magazi a "gulu la bowa".

Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuza aku Slovakia ochokera ku Research Institute of Nutrition ku Bratislava apeza kuti bowa wa oyster ndi ena mwa njira zodzitetezera ku khansa ya m'matumbo (3). Aliyense amene amadya bowa wa oyisitara akuchita zabwino kwa zomera zawo za m'mimba, zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala chifukwa cha chitin. Matumbo pawokha sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito chitin chosagawika, koma mabakiteriya am'mimba amatha. Pambuyo podya bowa, kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya ofunikira m'matumbo kumawonjezeka akapeza ma polysaccharides omwe amapanga chitin chokoma kwambiri. Mwa njira iyi, zomera za m'mimba zathanzi zimapangidwira, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.

ntchito:

Kuti muwongolere kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, 3 mpaka 9 g wa bowa wouma ndi ufa wa oyster amalimbikitsidwa patsiku. Ufa wa bowa ukhoza kutengedwa ngati makapisozi, komanso ukhoza kugwedezeka mu tiyi yotentha kapena soups, mwachitsanzo.

Chovala cha inki chimatchinga maselo otupa

Chophimba cha inki (Coprinus comatus) amadziwikanso kuti bowa wa katsitsumzukwa kapena bowa wa inki ndipo amachokera ku Ulaya. Imakonda kudziwonetsera yokha m'mphepete mwa misewu ndi madambo komanso yapeza mizinda yathu ngati malo ake okha. Kotero ngakhale pakati pa malo okhala nyumba, nthawi zambiri pamakhala magulu akuluakulu a Crested Tints. Bowawo, wokhala ndi zipewa zooneka ngati belu, amadya ma nematode ang'onoang'ono, omwe amasonyeza kuti bowawo angakhale zolengedwa zodabwitsa.

Chophimba cha inki chimangotengedwa ngati bowa wabwino kwambiri wodyedwa paubwana wake komanso unyamata wake popeza zinthu zakale zimasungunuka kukhala madzi onga inki - komwenso ndi komwe dzina lake limachokera. Ndipotu bowa wowolawo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga inki yomwe ankalembamo.

Chinthu china chapadera cha kapu ya inki ndi chakuti ndi imodzi mwa bowa ochepa omwe angadyedwe omwe angathe kulimidwa. Vuto lake ndi loti bowa uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu chifukwa ngakhale tinthu tating'ono tating'ono timakhala inky pambuyo pokolola. Pachifukwa ichi, Schoftintling imabzalidwa makamaka ndi okonda.

Mu TCM, inki ya shaggy imafotokozedwa kuti imalimbikitsa chimbudzi ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza zotupa. Ofufuza aku China awonetsa poyesera kuti bowa ali ndi mphamvu yoletsa kukula kwa 100 peresenti pa zotupa zowopsa zamagulu olumikizana ndi othandizira komanso 90 peresenti pa Ehrlich's carcinoma (chotupa cha cell cell).

Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi University of Haifa ku Israel wawonetsa kuti zigawo zina za shad ya tsitsi zimalepheretsa malo olandirira mahomoni ogonana pama cell chotupa. Mwanjira imeneyi, khansa yodalira mahomoni monga khansa ya m'mawere kapena prostate imatha kukhudzidwa.

Zotsatira zotsitsa shuga m'magazi za Schoftintling ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Katswiri wina wa ku Germany dzina lake Kronberger, yemwenso anali ndi matenda a shuga, adadziyesa yekha m'ma 1960. Anapeza kuti bowawo amachepetsa shuga. Kuyambira pamenepo, zatsimikiziridwa m'maphunziro osiyanasiyana asayansi kuti ngakhale bowa wocheperako amayambitsa kutulutsidwa kwa insulini kapena kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga ndipo siwotsika kuposa mankhwala wamba - koma popanda. kuchititsa mavuto.

ntchito:

Kuti bowa wa inki ukhale ndi zotsatira zake ndikuwongolera shuga wamagazi, uyenera kudyedwa nthawi zonse - 100 mpaka 200 g wa bowa watsopano amalimbikitsidwa patsiku. Koma mungagwiritsenso ntchito 10 mpaka 20 g ya bowa wouma ndi ufa, zomwe - malingana ndi zomwe mumakonda - z. B. yoghurt, soups, kapena mphodza akhoza kuwonjezeredwa. N'zothekanso kutenga chotsitsa cha inki cha shad, chomwe theka la supuni ya tiyi ku supuni ya tiyi ya chotsitsacho imasakanizidwa ndi madzi pang'ono kapena tiyi ya zitsamba kawiri pa tsiku. Chithandizo cha bowa chiyenera kuchitika kwa miyezi itatu.

Bowa wa oyisitara atha kulimbikitsa kukumbukira

Bowa wa mfumu oyster ( Pleurotus eryngii ), wotchedwanso mfumu oyster bowa, amamera ku Ulaya, ngakhale kuti samapezeka kawirikawiri kuthengo ku Germany. Amadziwika ndi fungo lake lamphamvu, lokoma mtima, lomwe limafanana ndi bowa wa porcini. Bowa wodyedwa ali ndi mwayi woti amakhalabe al dente pakuphika. Kumbali ina, siyenera kudyedwa yaiwisi chifukwa ndi yovuta kuigaya.

Bowa wa mfumu oyster ndi wolemera mu antioxidants ndipo, malinga ndi kafukufuku, akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa Alzheimer's. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimayambitsa Alzheimer's ndi kupsinjika kwa okosijeni.

Pa kafukufuku waku Taiwan, mbewa zidadyetsedwa bowa wa oyster kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Pambuyo pake, vuto la kukumbukira linakula kwambiri, pamene zolembera za Alzheimer's zinali zitachepa. Chifukwa chake, ofufuzawo akuganiza kuti bowa wa oyster atha kulimbikitsa kukumbukira anthu.

Malangizo 10 othana ndi bowa

Prof. Lelley - wofufuza wodziwika bwino wa bowa yemwe mycotherapy ingatsatidwe - amalimbikitsa kuti: "Idyani bowa ndipo mudzakhala ndi moyo wautali!" - koma pokhapokha ngati toadstools kapena bowa wowonongeka watha mumphika. Komabe, ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito bowa mosamala, mutha kupindula ndi zabwino zonse zophikira komanso machiritso a "woodman".

Kotero inu mukhoza kusonkhanitsa bowa

Bowa wodyedwa amatha kusonkhanitsidwa m'madambo ndi m'nkhalango kuyambira Julayi mpaka Novembala, koma nthawi yophukira ndi nthawi yabwino. Mulimonsemo, ndikofunika kuti zitsanzo zokhazo zomwe zingathe kudziwika bwino zimachotsedwa. Ngati simukudziwa za bowa zina, musadye, koma choyamba, funsani malo olangiza bowa.

Pang'onopang'ono potoza bowa kuchokera m'nthaka. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa nthawi zambiri pamakhala zofunikira zozindikiritsa kumapeto kwa tsinde zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira. Muyenera kuphimba dzenjelo ndi dothi kachiwiri kuti mycelium isaume. Ndi bwino kusiya bowa wamng'ono kwambiri kumene iwo ali, komanso zitsanzo zakale. Kumbukirani kuti poyizoni wa bowa ambiri samayambitsidwa ndi toadstools, koma ndi bowa wakale, wovunda.

Ndi bwino kunyamula bowa m'mabasiketi opanda mpweya kuti akhale atsopano. Muyeneranso kusunga bowa omwe simungawazindikire bwino pawokha, chifukwa mwachitsanzo, bowa wa chipewa cha imfa ukhoza kusandutsa bowa wabwino kwambiri kuti ukhale ngati zipolopolo potaya tinjere.

Chenjerani ndi zowopsa pawiri

Bowa wina wodyedwa amakhala ndi poizoni wowirikiza, womwe muyenera kusiyanitsa potola bowa. Bowa wa porcini wosadyeka, mwachitsanzo, ndi ndulu boletus, yemwe amamva kuwawa kwambiri. Bowa wakupha wapawiri wa bowa wa meadow ndi bowa wa kapu yakufa, womwe ukhoza kupha.

Parasol, yomwe imakoma ndi kununkhiza bwino mtedza ndipo imakhala ndi mphete yotsetsereka pansi pa chipewa, imakhalanso ndi maulendo angapo, ena omwe ali oopsa, ena alibe. Ngati mphete (khafu) silingasunthidwe, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti si parasol, koma mwina bowa wakupha wakupha.

Komanso, fufuzani ngati pali zoletsa kusonkhanitsa kapena zoletsa m'dera lanu.

Kodi bowa amasunga ma radioactivity ndi heavy metal?

Pafupifupi zaka 40 zadutsa kuchokera pamene ngozi yowononga riyakitala ku Chornobyl - ndipo bowa wina wakuthengo akadali woipitsidwa ndi radioactivity. Kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa kumadalira mitundu yonse komanso malo.

Zowonongeka kwambiri ndi mitundu yomwe imamera pamitengo, monga B. bowa wa oyster, pomwe z. B. maboleti a chestnut amaonedwa kuti ndi oipitsidwa kwambiri. Russia ndi Ukraine nthawi zina zimakhudzidwa, komanso mayiko akum'mawa kwa Europe monga Hungary ndi kum'mwera kwa Germany, ndi Switzerland.

Popeza bowa amakhalanso ndi zitsulo zolemera monga cadmium kapena mercury, DGE imalimbikitsa kudya bowa wamtchire osapitirira 250 g pa sabata. Ana ndi amayi apakati ayenera kusamala kwambiri ndipo ngati mukufuna kukhala otetezeka, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito bowa wolimidwa.

Mukagula bowa

Samalani osati posonkhanitsa, komanso pogula m'sitolo. Si zachilendo kuti bowa omwe adawonongeka kale aperekedwe. Izi ndichifukwa choti bowa nthawi zambiri amasungidwa molakwika kapena kwa nthawi yayitali. Bowa ukawonongeka, pamakhala poizoni, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa poyizoni wa bowa. Choncho mukagula, onetsetsani kuti bowawo sanalowetse mpweya (monga mupulasitiki).

Muyeneranso kupewa kugula bowa wouma, wothimbirira, kapena wankhungu. Pazitsanzo zazikulu monga bowa wa porcini, mutha kuyesanso mwatsopano: ingokanikiza kapuyo mopepuka ndi chala chanu. Ngati uli wofewa ndipo wasiya, bowawo ukhoza kuwonongeka.

Momwe mungasungire bowa

Monga mukudziwira kale, bowa amakhala watsopano kwa masiku angapo. Bowa wamtchire amakonzedwa bwino tsiku lomwelo. Popeza bowa ndi wovuta kwambiri kumva kuwala, kutentha, ndi kupanikizika, ayenera kusungidwa m'chidebe chotha kulowa mpweya kapena m'thumba la mapepala m'chipinda cha masamba cha firiji.

Amaundana bowa

Bowa nawonso ndiabwino kuzizira kuti awonjezere moyo wawo wa alumali. Koma izi zisanachitike, muyenera kuziyeretsa bwino, kuzidula mu magawo kapena zidutswa ndikuzipukuta mwachidule. Ingoyikani bowa m'madzi otentha amchere, kuwachotsa ndikuwagwedeza ndi madzi ozizira. Ndiye kukhetsa bowa bwino. Ndibwino kuti muwume chidutswa chilichonse payekha. Bowa akhoza kusungidwa mufiriji kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Pickle bowa

Kupatula Tintlingen, mutha kutola bowa onse achichepere, olimba komanso opanda nyongolotsi mu msuzi, mafuta, kapena viniga. Bowa wotsogola wabwino kwambiri ndi B. porcini, bowa, chanterelles, irritants, kapena bowa batala.

Kuti mutenge bowa mu mafuta a azitona, choyamba wiritsani 1 lita imodzi ya vinyo wosasa wabwino, malita 0.5 a madzi, supuni 2 za mchere, ndi zonunkhira zomwe mwasankha, onjezerani 2 kg ya bowa ndikuphika kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10. Kenaka tsanulirani mowawo, tambani bowa pa nsalu yoyera, ndikusiya kuti muzizire kwa maola angapo. Ndikofunika kuti musakhudzenso bowa wophika ndi manja anu. Pakali pano, samatenthetsa zofunika zomata galasi muli.

Pomaliza, lembani galasi ndi bowa wosanjikiza ndikuphimba ndi mafuta apamwamba kwambiri - mpaka galasi litadzaza - ndikutseka mwamphamvu. Onetsetsani kuti mbali zonse za bowa zaphimbidwa bwino ndi mafuta a azitona, apo ayi, nkhungu imakula.

Zouma bowa

Sinso sayansi ya rocket kuyanika bowa wanu. Choyamba, muyenera kuwadula pakati kapena kuwadula pang'onopang'ono ndikuumitsa kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 40 Celsius. Dehydrator imagwira ntchito bwino pa izi, koma mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito uvuni. Mukhoza kuyika magawo a bowa pa pepala lophika lomwe lili ndi pepala lophika kapena pawaya. Sankhani ntchito ya convection kapena siyani uvuni kuti ukhale wotseguka.

Njira ina ndiyo kuyanika mpweya. Bowa amadulidwanso mu magawo, ulusi pa zingwe, ndipo anapachikidwa pa malo otetezedwa (monga chapamwamba). M'nyengo yotentha, zidutswa za bowa zimathanso kuziyika pansalu kapena zikopa ndikuwumitsa padzuwa.

Zouma bowa ziyenera kusungidwa mpweya.

Konzani bowa

Choyamba, mawu akuti musagwiritse ntchito zinthu zam'chitini, chifukwa zoposa theka la zinthu zamtengo wapatali zimatayika chifukwa cha kusungidwa. Bowa wozizira sayenera kusungunuka musanaphike.

Bowa wakuthengo usanakonzekere, uyenera kutsukidwa bwino. Mutha kuzitsuka pang'onopang'ono pansi pa madzi othamanga kapena kuziwumitsa. Komabe, musasiye bowa m'madzi, chifukwa adzanyowa ngati siponji ndikutaya fungo lake. Ndi bwino kuwasisita mouma mukamaliza kuchapa. Bowa wolimidwa akhoza kupukuta ndi nsalu yonyowa.

Kudya bowa zosaphika?

Kupatula apo, muyenera kudziwa kuti bowa wambiri ndi wapoizoni m'malo awo osaphika! Izi zikuphatikizapo bowa omwe amalimidwa kwambiri koma nthawi zambiri satero. Chifukwa bowa, shiitake, ndi porcini bowa amatha kudyedwa osaphika pafupifupi pafupifupi pafupifupi. 50 g, mwachitsanzo B. Marinated usiku wonse (mu furiji) mu mandimu, mafuta a azitona, nyanja mchere, adyo, ndi zitsamba.

Ngati nthawi zambiri simumalekerera bowa komanso muli ndi dongosolo logayitsa chakudya, muyeneranso kutentha bowa kwa mphindi zosachepera 15, chifukwa ndizovuta kugaya ngati zaphikidwa kwakanthawi kochepa. Zotsatirazi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito: zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimadulidwa, zimakhala zosavuta kuti zigayidwe - ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse timanena kuti nthawi zambiri si kukula kwa zidutswa zomwe zimayambitsa, koma kudya kwambiri komanso kusafuna kutafuna kwambiri. Mukadya mwamtendere ndi kutafuna momasuka, mwadzidzidzi mudzatha kulekerera zakudya zambiri zomwe poyamba zinkakuvutitsani.

Kodi mungatenthetsenso bowa?

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, inu mosavuta reheat mbale bowa. Kwa zaka zambiri panali machenjezo okhudza izi, koma izi zinali chifukwa chakuti m'masiku akale kunalibe mafiriji ndipo bowa wophika ankawonongeka mosavuta. Koma ngati munasiya mbale yanu ya bowa mu furiji usiku wonse, mukhoza kuitenthetsa ndikusangalala nayo tsiku lotsatira kapena tsiku lotsatira.