Crystal Nelson
Timakonda chokoleti. Koma munthu akhoza kutaya chilakolako chake poganizira za tsogolo la alimi ambiri a koko. Chokoleti chopangidwa kuchokera ku koko wamalonda sichisokoneza zikwama zathu, koma zimathandiza alimi ang'onoang'ono ku Africa, Central ndi South America kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Kuzunzidwa kwa minda ya koko, makamaka ku West Africa, kwadziwika kwa zaka zosachepera makumi awiri. Kale mu 2000, lipoti la wailesi yakanema ya BBC linadabwitsa dziko lonse. Atolankhani adawulula zakuba ana ochokera ku Burkina Faso, Mali ndi Togo. Ozembetsa anthu anali atagulitsa atsikana ndi anyamata kukhala akapolo kuti azilima koko ku Ivory Coast. Malinga ndi Food and Agriculture Organisation ya United Nations, 71 peresenti ya nyemba za cocoa mu 2018 idachokera ku Africa - ndipo 16 peresenti yokha idachokera ku South America.
Zithunzizi zidatsatiridwa ndi malipoti atolankhani ndipo mabungwe omwe siaboma adapereka ndemanga. Bungwe la European Cocoa Association, bungwe la amalonda akuluakulu a koko ku Ulaya, linanena kuti zomwe ananenazo n’zabodza komanso kukokomeza. Makampaniwa adanena zomwe makampaniwa amanena nthawi zambiri muzochitika zoterezi: malipoti sakuyimira madera onse omwe akukula. Monga ngati izo zisintha chirichonse.
Kenako andale anachitapo kanthu. Ku United States, akonza malamulo oletsa ukapolo wa ana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ana mwankhanza pa ulimi wa koko. Likanakhala lupanga lakuthwa polimbana ndi ana akapolo. angatero. Kukopa kwakukulu kwamakampani a koko ndi chokoleti kunathetsa ntchitoyi.
Chokoleti chamalonda chabwino - popanda ntchito ya ana
Chomwe chinatsalira chinali mgwirizano wofewa, wodzifunira komanso wosamangirira mwalamulo wotchedwa Harkin-Engel Protocol. Idasainidwa mu 2001 ndi opanga chokoleti aku US ndi oimira World Cocoa Foundation - maziko omwe amathandizidwa ndi makampani akulu kwambiri pamsika. Osayinawo adalonjeza kuti athetsa mitundu yoipitsitsa ya ntchito ya ana - monga ukapolo, ntchito yokakamiza ndi ntchito zomwe zimawononga thanzi, chitetezo kapena makhalidwe - mu malonda a cocoa.
Zinachitika: ayi ndithu. Nthawi yozengereza inayamba. Mpaka pano, ana amagwira ntchito m’makampani a chokoleti. Iwo akhala chizindikiro cha malonda opanda chilungamo a makampani a koko. Mu 2010, zolemba za Danish "The Dark Side Of Chocolate" zidawonetsa kuti Harkin-Engel Protocol inali yosagwira ntchito.
Kafukufuku wochitidwa mu 2015 ndi Yunivesite ya Tulane adapeza kuti chiwerengero cha ana omwe amagwira ntchito m'minda ya koko chakwera kwambiri. M'madera omwe akukula kwambiri ku Ghana ndi Ivory Coast, ana pafupifupi 2.26 miliyoni azaka zapakati pa 5 ndi 17 amagwira ntchito yopanga koko - makamaka pansi pa zoopsa.
Ndipo nthawi zambiri osachirikiza mabanja awo: mabungwe omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe akhala akunena kwa zaka zambiri kuti ana ambiri omwe amagwira ntchito yopanga koko amakhala ovutitsidwa kwambiri chifukwa chozembetsa anthu komanso ukapolo.
Koko: Malipiro abwino m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito ana
Koma zenizeni ndizovuta. Ndipotu, kuchepetsa ntchito ya ana m’minda ya koko sikungathandize kuthetsa vuto la chokoleti chogulitsidwa mopanda chilungamo. M'malo mwake: zikhoza kuonjezera umphawi wa olima ang'onoang'ono.
Izi zidawonetsedwa mu kafukufuku wa 2009 "The Dark Side of Chocolate" ndi Südwind Research Institute. Mlembi wawo, Friedel Hütz-Adams, akufotokoza chifukwa chake: Makampani angapo a zakudya atachenjeza ogulitsa awo kuti asagwiritse ntchito ana panthaŵi yokolola, zokolola za alimi zinachepa. Makampani monga Mars, Nestlé ndi Ferrero adalamula kuti ntchito ya ana ipewedwe pambuyo pokakamizidwa ndi malipoti oti anthu ochepera zaka zambiri amalembedwa ntchito m'minda.
Njira yothetsera vutoli siliri kokha pa kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ana, koma m’malipiro oyenerera kwa alimi ang’onoang’ono, katswiri wa zachuma akupitiriza kuti: “Salola ana awo kugwira ntchito kuti angosangalala, koma chifukwa chakuti amadalira pa zimenezo.” Zochita zamalonda zachilungamo ndizofunikira. Mkhalidwe wa alimi a koko ndi mabanja awo ukhoza kuyenda bwino ngati ndalama zawo zikukwera.
Kulima koko kuyenera kukhala kopindulitsanso
Mabungwe akuluakulu omwe amakonza koko sangapewenso kudzipereka komwe kumathandizira alimi ang'onoang'ono a koko. Chifukwa chakuti ku Ghana kunali kufufuza, malinga ndi zimene alimi 20 okha pa alionse alimi a koko amafuna kuti ana awo azigwira ntchito imeneyi. Ambiri angakonde kusintha kulima kwawo - mwachitsanzo kukhala mphira.
Ndipo wogulitsa kunja, Ivory Coast, akuwopsezedwanso ndi mavuto. M’madera ambiri kumeneko, nkhani ya ufulu wa nthaka sinafotokozedwe bwino. M’madera ambiri, atsogoleri a m’deralo, omwe amadziwika kuti mafumu, amalola anthu obwera kumayiko ena kuti akolole ndi kulima minda malinga ngati amalima koko. Ngati pali kusintha kwa ufulu wa nthaka ndipo alimi akhoza kusankha okha zomwe amalima, pangakhalenso ndege yaikulu kuchokera ku koko kuno.
Chokoleti choyera chimathandiza kulimbana ndi umphawi
Chifukwa kulima koko sikukhala kothandiza kwa alimi ambiri. Mtengo wa cocoa wakhala ukutalikirana ndi kukwera kwanthawi zonse kwazaka zambiri. Mu 1980, alimi a koko adalandira pafupifupi madola 5,000 aku US pa tani ya koko, yomwe idasinthidwa chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo, mu 2000 inali madola 1,200 okha a US. Pakadali pano - m'chilimwe cha 2020 - mtengo wa cocoa wakweranso mpaka pafupifupi madola 2,100 aku US, koma izi sizinali zokwanira. Koko wamalonda wabwino, kumbali ina, amalipidwa bwino: kuyambira pa Okutobala 1, 2019, mtengo wocheperako wa Fairtrade udakwera mpaka madola 2,400 aku US pa tani.
Nthawi zambiri, mitengo yasintha kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri. Chifukwa chake sikuti ndi zokolola zosiyana zokha kuchokera ku zokolola za koko, komanso - nthawi zina zosinthika - zandale m'mayiko omwe adachokera. Kuonjezera apo, pali zotsatira za kulingalira kwachuma ndi kusintha kwa kusintha kwa dola, zomwe zimapangitsa mtengo kukhala wovuta kuwerengera.
Mtengo wotsika wa koko ukusaukitsa alimi ambiri: padziko lonse lapansi, koko amalimidwa m'mafamu pafupifupi mamiliyoni anayi ndi theka, ndipo anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amakhala ndi moyo chifukwa cholima ndi kugulitsa. Komabe, zoyipa kwambiri kuposa kulondola, ndikuti, ngakhale mu 2019 koko ambiri adapangidwa ndi matani pafupifupi 4.8 miliyoni kuposa kale. Ngati alimi atha kukhala ndi moyo wocheperako kuposa kale ndipo amasintha ulimi, makampani a koko ndi chokoleti, omwe ali ndi mabiliyoni ambiri, ali ndi vuto.
Chokoleti yogulitsa bwino ikupita patsogolo
Mabungwe ochita malonda mwachilungamo adawerengera momwe mtengo wa koko uyenera kukhalira kuti alimi azitha kupeza ndalama zabwino. Uwu ndiye mtengo wochepera womwe alimi amalandira mu Fairtrade system. Mwanjira iyi mutha kukonzekera ndalama zanu motsimikiza. Ngati mtengo wa msika wapadziko lonse ukukwera pamwamba pa njira iyi, mtengo woperekedwa mu malonda achilungamo umakweranso.
Ku Germany, komabe, gawo la mkango la chokoleti limapangidwabe mwachizolowezi. Chokoleti chopangidwa kuchokera ku koko wamalonda wabwino chimakhalabe chinthu chochepa, koma chapita patsogolo, makamaka m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kugulitsa koko ku Fairtrade ku Germany kudakwera kuwirikiza kakhumi pakati pa 2014 ndi 2019, kuchoka pa matani 7,500 kufika pafupifupi matani 79,000. Chifukwa chachikulu: Fairtrade International idakhazikitsa pulogalamu yake ya koko mu 2014, yomwe imakhudza alimi masauzande ambiri. Mosiyana ndi chisindikizo chapamwamba cha Fairtrade, kuyang'ana sikungoyang'ana chitsimikiziro cha chinthu chomaliza, koma pa koko komweko.
Fair cocoa ku Germany
Kuwonjezeka kofulumira kwa koko kwachilungamo kukuwonetsa kuti mutuwu wafika kwa ogula ndi opanga. Malinga ndi Transfair, gawo la cocoa wamalonda tsopano ndi pafupifupi eyiti peresenti. Kaya mumaona kuti kutsika modabwitsa kapena kutsika momvetsa chisoni ndi nkhani ya kukoma.
Chimene Ajeremani amachikondabe ndi chokoleti. Timadzichitira tokha mofanana ndi mipiringidzo ya 95 (malinga ndi Federation of German Industries) pa munthu ndi chaka. Mwinanso tiganizira za alimi a koko omwe tidzawagulanso ndikuwachitira pamtengo wabwino. Sizovuta: chokoleti cha malonda achilungamo chikhoza kupezeka muzochotsera aliyense.
