John Myers
Pafupifupi 2,600 zokometsera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani azakudya kuti apatse zinthu kukhudza komaliza malinga ndi kukoma ndi kununkhira. Muzakudya zina, fungo ndilokhalo lowonjezera kukoma. Malinga ndi bungwe la German Association of the Flavour Industry, anthu a ku Germany amadya makilogalamu 137 a zakudya zokometsera pa munthu ndi chaka. Komabe, sizikudziwika kuti ndi zinthu zingati zonunkhira zomwe timadya. Ogula amadalirabe zambiri zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi makampani opanga zokometsera. Pa mlingo wa EU, pakali pano pali zokambirana za momwe mtsogolomu zidzakhalire zosavuta kumvetsetsa kuti ndi zokoma zingati zomwe timadya ndi chakudya chathu.
Zinthu zambiri zonunkhira ndizokoma kwambiri. Zomwe zili zabwino pamakampani azakudya: zotsatira zamphamvu zitha kupezeka ndi ndalama zochepa. Mowa kapena lactose, mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asungunuke, omwe amasakanizidwa ndi zokometsera. Malinga ndi opanga zokometsera, zakudya zokonzedwa komanso zokonzeka kudya zimatha kukhala ndi mowa wopitilira 0.2%.
Ndi zokometsera zamtundu wanji?
Zokometsera zimachokera ku chilengedwe, komanso mankhwala. The Aroma Ordinance, yomwe imayang'anira kukonza fungo la fungo, yakhala ikugwira ntchito ku Germany kuyambira 1981. Bungwe la Federal Institute for Risk Assessment limasiyanitsa pakati pa magulu otsatirawa:
- Zokometsera zachilengedwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zomera, nyama, kapena microbiological zopangira. Izi zimachitika, mwachitsanzo, ndi m'zigawo ndi distillation. Fungo limeneli limapezekanso ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga nkhungu kapena makungwa a mtengo.
- Zokometsera zopanga zimapangidwa ndi mankhwala ndipo sizichitika mwachilengedwe muzakudya.
- Zotulutsa zonunkhira zimapezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku chakudya kapena kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe sizili chakudya. Izi zikuphatikizapo mafuta ofunikira monga citrus kapena fennel mafuta.
- Zonunkhira zokometsera zimapezedwa ndi kutentha koyendetsedwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Iwo eni poyamba samayenera kukhala ndi fungo lililonse. Mwachitsanzo, fungo lokazinga limapangidwa panthawi yophika ndi kuwotcha.
- Kuphatikiza apo, zambiri monga "kukoma kwa rasipiberi" nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pazinthu. Malinga ndi bungwe lazakudya, izi ziyenera kumveka ngati chizindikiro cha kukoma: kununkhira kumakoma ngati raspberries, koma mwina sikuchokera ku zipatso. Komabe, ngati mndandanda wa zosakaniza umati, mwachitsanzo, "fungo lachilengedwe la sitiroberi", 95 peresenti ya fungo liyenera kuchokera ku sitiroberi.
Kodi zokometsera ndizopanda vuto?
Zinthu zokometserazi zimawunikidwa ndi European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) kapena bungwe lina la akatswiri apadziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, akatswiriwa akukumana ndi vuto loti deta imakhala yosakwanira nthawi zambiri ndipo pali zinthu zambiri - pali pafupifupi 2,600 - zomwe ziyenera kuyesedwa. Pakalipano, ndi zokometsera zochepa chabe zomwe zadziwika kuti ndizovulaza thanzi ndipo motero siziloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zokometsera ndikoletsedwa. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu ena azakudya komanso/kapena muzachulukitse. Nthawi zambiri, kuwunika kwa EFSA kumakhala koyambirira ndipo sikunamalizidwe.
Kukoma kwa chakudya cha ana: olimbikitsa ogula akuchenjeza
M'mene zokometsera zimakhudza khalidwe la kudya zikukambidwa. Mwachitsanzo, pali zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti makanda, makamaka, amatha kukhudzidwa ndi kakulidwe kawo kakomedwe komanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira kungakhudze zomwe amakonda pambuyo pake. Othandizira ogula amawona kugwiritsa ntchito zokometsera kukhala zovuta, makamaka pankhani ya chakudya chowonjezera chomwe chimaperekedwa poyamba kuwonjezera pa mkaka wa m'mawere. Amalangiza kupanga zolimba zanu.
Chenjerani ndi "free from flavor enhancers"
Zakudya zambiri zimatsatsa "Zopanda zowonjezera zokometsera". Chiyembekezo cha ogula ndiye nthawi zambiri kuti palibe zokometsera pazogulitsa. Koma nthawi zambiri sizikhala choncho. Apa ndiye kuti fungo limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chowonjezera kukoma.
Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi University of Göttingen mu 2017 adapeza kuti mayina onunkhira nthawi zambiri samamvetsetsa kwa ogula.
