John Myers
Palibe zowonjezera zokometsera, palibe glutamate - ndizomwe opanga ambiri amatsatsa chakudya chawo. Izi zimapangitsa kuganiza molakwika kuti glutamate iyenera kukhala yopanda thanzi mwanjira ina.
Ndi momwe zimakhudzira:
Glutamate ili paliponse
Glutamate ndi chowonjezera chokometsera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga zakudya ndi ophika kuti azikoma mbale chodzaza ndi chokoma . Zomwe tikutanthauza tikamalankhula za glutamate ndizo mchere wa glutamic acid . Nthawi zambiri, mchere wa monosodium glutamate umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera kukoma. Komabe, kuphatikiza kwina kumathekanso, mwachitsanzo ndi calcium kapena magnesium m'malo mwa sodium, yomwe imakhalanso ndi zopatsa mphamvu zowonjezera.
Glutamate ndi glutamic acid nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana chifukwa asidi amasiyana m'thupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imasweka mofulumira mumagulu ake a ionic - glutamate ion ndi hydrogen ion amapangidwa.
Glutamic acid imapezeka paliponse m'chilengedwe
Glutamate, kapena glutamic acid, imapezeka mwachibadwa mu zakudya zambiri, kuchokera ku Parmesan tchizi ndi gorgonzola kupita ku tomato ndi bowa. Glutamic acid ndi amino acid, yomangamanga yomanga mapuloteni, motero imakhala mu chilichonse chamoyo. Zomera, nyama ndi anthu amazipanga okha. Ngakhale mkaka wa m'mawere uli ndi glutamic acid.
Glutamate yomwe thupi lathu limadzipanga lokha limatchedwa endogenous glutamate. Lili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'thupi. Mwa zina, zimakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha dongosolo lamanjenje, ndipo chinthucho chimagwiranso ntchito ngati gwero lamphamvu la matumbo. Glutamate, mwachitsanzo, mchere womwe umawonjezeredwa ngati chowonjezera kukoma, umatchedwa exogenous glutamate.
Kupezeka kwa glutamate
Munthu wina wa ku Japan dzina lake Kikunae Ikeda anapeza mphamvu ya monosodium glutamate yomwe imawonjezera kukoma mu 1908. Akuti ankadya chakudya chamadzulo limodzi ndi banja lake pamene anaona kuti msuziwo unali wokoma kuposa masiku onse. Iye anazindikira kuti kombu, udzu winawake wa m’nyanja womwe umakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito pophikira zakudya za ku Japan, umapangitsa kuti kakomedwe kake kakhale kokoma kwambiri.
Ikeda adatenga zomwe adakumana nazo patebulo la chakudya chamadzulo kupita ku labu. Anachotsa udzu wa m'nyanja m'magawo ake amtundu uliwonse ndipo adapeza: glutamate, yomwe adayikhazikitsa ngati monosodium glutamate.
Kukoma komwe kugwirizana kumayambitsa kumakhala kovuta kufotokoza. Sichikugwirizana ndi chilichonse mwa zinthu zinayi zofunika kuzikonda zomwe zimadziwika mpaka pano: zotsekemera, zamchere, zowawasa ndi zowawa. Kotero Ikeda anaipatsa dzina lake: umami . Pakadali pano, ma cell akumva kukoma kofananira adadziwikanso mwa anthu ndipo umami waphatikizidwa muzokonda zoyambira.
Ndicho chifukwa chake tiyenera kulankhula za:
Glutamate monga chowonjezera kukoma ndizotsutsana
Anthu ambiri amawopa glutamate chifukwa idalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zingapo zamankhwala m'mbuyomu. Komabe, zotsatira za pathogenic sizinatsimikizidwe momveka bwino.
Kafukufuku wapereka umboni kuti kusokonezeka kwa endogenous, mwachitsanzo, thupi lokha, glutamate metabolism ikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda monga Alzheimer's, Parkinson's kapena amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Izi sizodabwitsa, chifukwa glutamate ndi mthenga wofunikira muubongo ndipo imagwira ntchito kumeneko. Chofunika, komabe, ndicho endogenous glutamate ndiye vuto, osati lakunja lomwe timadya ndi chakudya. Zotsirizirazi nthawi zambiri sizingadutse chotchinga chamagazi-ubongo, chomwe chimalekanitsa ndikuteteza dera lozungulira ubongo wathu kuchokera ku thupi lonse. Chipata ichi sichimatseguka choncho, pamafunika kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, khunyu kapena sitiroko.
Palibe chiopsezo cha khansa mu milingo yabwinobwino
Ankaganiziridwanso kuti glutamate ndi carcinogenic. Ofufuza ochokera ku USA adapeza mu kafukufuku yemwe makamaka zotupa zaukali za prostate zimalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa glutamate m'magazi komanso zolandilira zambiri za glutamate pa minofu yotupa.
Chifukwa sizikudziwika ngati glutamate imayambitsanso zotupazo, European Food Safety Authority idayesanso mankhwalawa zaka zingapo zapitazo. Zotsatira: glutamate sizowopsa muzambiri zomwe timadya tsiku ndi tsiku.
Komabe, kafukufuku wina akuchenjeza kuti glutamate ikhoza kulimbikitsa kunenepa kwambiri. Cholinga chake ndi chakuti glutamate imalimbikitsa kukana leptin. Leptin ndi timadzi tambiri timene timayang'anira njala ndipo ndi gawo la metabolism yamafuta. Mayesero a makoswe anali atawonetsa kale kukana kwa leptin chifukwa cha glutamate. Kafukufuku wa 752 Chinese adatsimikizira zotsatira zake kuti kumwa kwambiri kwa glutamate mwa anthu kumalumikizidwanso ndi kulemera.
"Chinese Restaurant Syndrome"
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, dokotala wa ku America Robert Ho Man Kwok anafotokoza chinthu chosaika moyo pachiswe koma chosasangalatsa chomwe adatsutsa glutamate. Poyamba adatchula mawu akuti "Chinese Restaurant Syndrome" m'kalata yomwe adatumiza ku New England Journal of Medicine.
Glutamate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzakudya zaku Asia, ndipo Kwok mwiniwakeyo nthawi zonse ankadzipeza kuti sakupeza bwino atadya chakudya cha ku China: mkamwa mwake munauma, kunjenjemera, dzanzi, ndipo kukhosi kwake kunali kokanda. Panalinso kutentha thupi, kugunda kwa mtima, mutu, kupweteka kwa thupi ndi nseru.
Anthu enanso amafotokozanso zizindikiro zomwezi atadya Chitchaina. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamakono, komabe, si glutamate yomwe ili ndi udindo. Palibe umboni womwe ungapezeke kuti pali hypersensitivity kwa glutamate.
Nutritionists, mabungwe ndi mabungwe monga Federal Institute for Risk Assessment motero alibe zosungitsa za nthawi zina zokometsera ndi glutamate. A BfR amangolangiza kuti asagwiritse ntchito ngati cholowa m'malo mwa mchere wa tebulo : Kupatulapo kuti ma glutamates samayambitsa kukoma kwa mchere wamba, mankhwalawa amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga zawo monga zowonjezera kukoma.
Glutamate yowonjezera imapezekanso muzakudya popanda kuwonekera pa mndandanda wa zosakaniza. Chifukwa chakuti chinthucho ndi chodziwika kwambiri, opanga ena akusintha ku kuchotsa yisiti, mwachitsanzo. Izi, zimaphatikizanso zakudya ndi umami, koma sizimaganiziridwa kuti ndizowonjezera malinga ndi malamulo a magalimoto aku Germany pazowonjezera.
Koma imapezanso zokometsera zake kuchokera ku glutamate yomwe imakhala nayo pamlingo wina. Koma ngakhale glutamate iyenera kulembedwa padera pansi pa zosakaniza, zinthu zomwe zili ndi yisiti zimatha kukhala ndi chizindikiro "palibe zowonjezera zowonjezera".
Koma:
Mwachidule, glutamate sizowopsa ku thanzi
Glutamate ndi yolekerera bwino ndipo, malinga ndi chidziwitso chamakono, zowonjezera zakudya zopanda vuto. Zoonadi, funso limabwera nthawi yomweyo: Kodi "mwachikatikati" amatanthauza chiyani ndipo timayamba liti kudya kwambiri?
Zoyeserera zomwe zimachitika pa mbewa zimamveketsa bwino izi. Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza apeza kuti mbewa zomwe zangobadwa kumene zimawonongeka m'madera ena apakati pa mitsempha yapakati pamene amapatsidwa glutamate. Koma: Kuti adziwe zowonongeka, ofufuzawo adayenera kupereka mbewa glutamate mwa kudontha kapena kuwapatsa ndalama zambiri podyetsa chubu. Ngati glutamate idangowonjezeredwa ku chakudya kapena madzi akumwa, nyamazo sizinavulazidwe.
Glutamate imangodziunjikira pang'ono m'magazi
Kafukufuku wina amasonyeza kuti anthu sangathe kudziunjikira glutamate m'magazi awo kuti awononge mbewa, ngakhale atadya kwambiri glutamate.
Chitsanzo: Ngati mupatsa munthu wolemera makilogilamu 60 magalamu 9, mwachitsanzo, supuni ya tiyi ya glutamate yeniyeni, ndi gawo limodzi lokha pa zana limodzi lokhalo limene limathera m’lita lililonse la magazi ndipo limaswekanso mofulumira kwambiri.
Kodi chokoma cha glutamate ndi chiyani?
Ndizosangalatsa kuti monosodium glutamate yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ilibe kukoma kwake kosangalatsa. Komabe, imatha kupangitsa kuti chakudya chikhale chokoma kwambiri chikaphatikizidwa ndi fungo loyenera.
Mwachitsanzo, ochita kafukufuku anapatsa anthu oyesedwa njira yothetsera monosodium glutamate kuti amwe - kamodzi koyera, kamodzi ndi fungo la ndiwo zamasamba pansi pa mphuno ndipo kamodzi ndi fungo la ramu ndi ramu. Ndipo: maphunziro omwe adayesedwa adapeza glutamate ndi fungo la masamba okoma kwambiri kuposa mchere wamchere komanso fungo la masamba.
Ndipo tsopano?
Kwa anthu ena, glutamate ndi yabwino
Komabe, ngati mumadya kwambiri glutamate, mutha kuzolowera kukoma, kotero kuti chakudya chimakonda kukoma popanda zokometsera. A kuchotsedwa kwa glutamate pang'ono zitha kukhala zabwino pazakudya nthawi ndi nthawi - koma izi zimagwiranso ntchito ku mchere kapena shuga.
Kwa anthu ena, zingakhale bwino kwambiri kuti mutenge glutamate: ndi msinkhu, malingaliro a umami nthawi zina amatha kutayika kapena kusokonezeka. Ofufuza aku Japan apeza kuti msuzi wochuluka wa glutamate ukhoza kuyambitsanso zolandilira kukoma ndikuwonjezera chilakolako chonse.
Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuza ayesa kuti monosodium komanso calcium glutamate imatha kulemeretsa kukoma kwa supu. kuti mchere wochepa umafunika. Izi zingathandize anthu omwe ali ndi zakudya zopanda mchere wambiri.
