John Myers
Kupanga dimba lanu lachilengedwe ndi loto la anthu ambiri. Kukula zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zathanzi ndikosavuta kuposa momwe mungaganizire. Ndiye ngati muli ndi dimba, pitani! Pangani munda wachilengedwe pamenepo.
Pangani dimba lanu lachilengedwe
Kupanga dimba la organic sikovuta monga momwe munthu angaganizire. Ndipo kuyesayesa koyambirira ndikoyenera chifukwa mtundu wa chakudya chanu m'munda wanu wachinsinsi uli m'manja mwanu.
Tsopano mutha kupanga masamba achilengedwe komanso athanzi kwa inu nokha ndi banja lanu. Masamba omwe sanakumanepo ndi mankhwala. Masamba amene anakula popanda yokumba fetereza. Masamba omwe adakololedwa atangotsala pang'ono kukonzedwa, motero amakhala ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
Ndikumva bwino bwanji kudziwa kuti simukudaliranso zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachikale komanso zopanda phindu, zomwe zimachokera ku nyumba zosungiramo zowonjezera, zathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, herbicides, ndi fungicides ndipo sizikhala ndi kukoma kodziwika.
Inde, mutha kugula zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba m'masitolo ogulitsa zakudya kapena masitolo akuluakulu. Koma kuchokera m'munda mwanu, ndiwatsopano komanso wabwino kwambiri.
Koma musanayambe kupanga munda wanu organic, nthawi zambiri muyenera kukonza dimba poyamba.
Pangani minda yamaluwa: Pakhonde, pabwalo, kapena kuseri kwa nyumba
Mulibe dimba pano? Zilibe kanthu. Mutha kubwereketsa imodzi. Mwina pamodzi ndi abwenzi amalingaliro ofanana? Munda wachilengedwe umakhala wosangalatsa kwambiri palimodzi. Ndipo patchuthi mungathe kusinthana kusamalira dimba.
Mwinanso muli ndi bwalo lakumbuyo? Khonde, bwalo? Mutha kupanga munda wachilengedwe kulikonse. Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimathanso kulimidwa m'miphika, miphika, zidebe, ndi mbiya zakale, makamaka, m'chidebe chilichonse chomwe mungapeze.
Mutha kubzalanso masamba ndi zitsamba mumipope yakale yomwe mudayimitsa molunjika ndikuwona mabowo angapo. Izi zimatchedwa "kulima molunjika" ndipo ndizofunikira makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi malo ochepa, monga B. khonde laling'ono chabe.
Bzalani maluwa nthawi zonse pakati pa ndiwo zamasamba ndipo posakhalitsa bwalo lotuwa lidzakhala paradiso wokongola komanso wodyedwa.
Dzuwa ndi chitetezo m'munda wathu womwe tikukhalamo
Posankha "malo okulirapo", onetsetsani kuti dzuwa liwala pamenepo osachepera maola asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi patsiku. Komanso, ganizirani za mthunzi wa nyumba yanu kapena garage.
Ngati mumadziwanso nyama zina (akalulu, nswala, ndi zina zotero) zomwe zingakhale ndi chidwi ndi masamba anu amtsogolo, ndiye kuti muyenera kuganizira za mpanda kapena zotchinga zina.
Komabe, mpanda sungatheke m'madera onse (zosungirako zachilengedwe kapena zofanana). Mukangodziwa komwe mungapangire dimba lanu lachilengedwe ndipo mukangotchinga - ngati kuli kofunikira - mutha kuyamba.
Mbewu ndi mbande za munda wanu wachilengedwe
MITUNDU iti ya zomera zomwe mumalima m'munda wanu wachilengedwe zimatengera zomwe mumakonda.
Komabe, zikafika pa MITUNDU yolondola ya zomera, muyenera kukaonana ndi dimba lanu lapafupi kapena alimi odziwa zamaluwa oyandikana nawo kuti mudziwe kuti ndi mitundu iti yomwe ili yoyenera kudera lanu komanso nyengo.
Zitsanzo za mtundu wa mbewu ndi apulo kapena anyezi. Tsopano pali MITUNDU YA MAApulo ndi anyezi. Mitundu ya maapulo ndi monga B. Elstar, Jonagold, Golden Delicious, Goldparmäne, Boskop, Gewürzluike, Brettacher, etc.
Mitundu ya anyezi ingakhale B. Stuttgart Giants, Sturon, Snowball etc.
Zomera zazing'ono zamasamba ndi zitsamba zokhala ndi organic nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa zakudya kapena m'mashopu apafamu am'mafamu achilengedwe. Inde, mukhoza kukulitsa mbande zanu.
Pali njira zambiri zogulira mbewu za organic pa intaneti. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zenizeni. Mukuthandizira gulu lomwe likuyenda bwino pakudzimasula ku kudalira makampani akuluakulu ambewu.
Ngati mukufuna, mutha kutenga nawo gawo mu "Private Seed Archive", pomwe pali mndandanda wamitundu yambiri yamasamba akale.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, mukamadziwa zambiri za kulima ndiwo zamasamba, mutha kudzipanga kukhala wothandiza ngati wosunga mbewu, kukolola mbewu kuchokera kumitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe mwasankha, ndikuzitumiza ku Archive ya Private Seed Archive.
mbewu yosakanizidwa? Palibe chilichonse chamunda wa organic
Zomera zomwe zimatchedwa haibridi nthawi zambiri zimayambira ku mbewu wamba. Pa phukusi la mbewu, mawu akuti "F1" amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'malo mwa "hybrid", zomwe zimasonyezanso mbewu yosakanizidwa.
Ngati mukufuna kukolola mbewu zanu kuchokera ku zomera izi m'dzinja kuti musadzagulenso mbewu chaka chamawa, ndiye kuti mukhoza kukhala opanda mwayi ndi zomera izi ndi mbewu zake.
Zikavuta kwambiri, mbewu sizipanga mbewu konse kapena mbewu sizimera. Komabe, zikamera, mmera womwe mudatutamo sichidzakula, koma chomera chokhala ndi zatsopano - nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zinthu zoyipa (monga kukula kwachifupi, zipatso zazing'ono, kapena zina).
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za zomera zosakanizidwa ndipo cholinga chake ndi makampani opanga mbewu. Ndipotu alimi onse ndi wamaluwa ayenera kugula mbewu kachiwiri chaka ndi chaka.
Mbeu za organic komanso zamitundu yakale zakumadera zimatulutsa mbewu zomwe mungasungireko mbewu za chaka chamawa.
Zomera ndi njere zake zimakhala zamitundumitundu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale ndi mawonekedwe omwewo mobwerezabwereza.
Dothi lanu organic dimba
Musanapange munda wanu wachilengedwe, musanabzale kapena kubzala, muyenera kuyang'ana momwe nthaka yanu ilili. Chifukwa: Kutengera mtundu wa nthaka yanu, muchita bwino kapena kulephera. Ngati dothi lanu ndi lamwala kwambiri, muyenera kuchotsapo miyala ina.
Ngati dothi lanu nthawi zambiri limakhala dongo (ngati mupukuta dothi lonyowa kukhala bulunga, chibulumwacho chikhalabe pamalo) kapena mchenga (nthaka siimagunda zibungwe), muyenera kuikonza ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Kompositi kapena manyowa wothira bwino (monga mahatchi kapena ng'ombe) kapena, ndithudi, osakaniza onse awiri ndi oyenera izi.
Ndi bwino ngati mumapanga kompositi yanu. Chowotcha chomwe chimadula zidutswa zilizonse kuchokera m'munda mwanu kukhala zinthu zokometsera bwino ndizothandiza kwambiri. Muyenera kuzoloweranso malo opukutidwa m'mabedi anu. M'malo mwake, mulch.
Mulching amatanthauza kuti mumagawa zinthu zachilengedwe (zopanda kompositi) monga masamba, zinyalala zakukhitchini, timitengo tanthambi ndi udzu pakati pa mbewu zanu makamaka m'mayenje amitengo yachipatso.
Kompositi ndi mulch zimatsimikizira pakapita nthawi kuti nthaka yanu imatetezedwa ku chilala ndi mphepo, kuti zamoyo zopindulitsa za nthaka ndi tizilombo topindulitsa timapeza chakudya ndi pogona, komanso kuti masamba anu amapeza zakudya zonse zomwe amafunikira. Zotsatira zabwino za mulching ndikuti simuyenera kukumba zambiri. Nthaka imakhala yotayirira mwachilengedwe komanso yachonde.
Kupanga dimba la organic: osati popanda tizilombo tating'onoting'ono
Kwa aliyense amene akupanga munda wachilengedwe kapena wakhala akulima kwa nthawi yaitali, pali wothandizira wofunika kwambiri yemwe angapangitse kuti nthaka ikhale yachonde, zomera zikhale zolimba, komanso zokolola zokolola.
Mwachitsanzo, kodi mungakonde kubzala tomato? Ndiye ndi bwino kugula mbande m'madera ozizira. Tomato amafunikira kutentha kwa pafupifupi madigiri 20. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ku Central Europe akhoza kufesedwa mu May koyambirira.
Popeza nthawi zambiri kumakhala kozizira kwambiri kwa tomato kuyambira Seputembala kapena Okutobala, zitha kuchitika kuti phwetekere zanu sizimakula kapena sizibala zipatso zambiri.
Komabe, ngati muli ndi nthaka yeniyeni yamphamvu m'munda wanu kapena m'miphika yanu, zomera zing'onozing'ono zomwe mumabzala pambuyo pake zidzagwira mwamsanga mbande za wowonjezera kutentha zomwe mwabweretsa. Dothi lamphamvu ndilosavuta kupeza pogwiritsa ntchito EM. EM ndi Ma Microorganisms Othandiza.
Uku ndi kuphatikiza kwa mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana omwe si a GMO monga mabakiteriya a lactic acid, mabakiteriya a photosynthetic, ndi yisiti.
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti timapezeka m'nthaka yathanzi komanso yachonde. Komabe, ngati zomera zikudwala, kugwidwa ndi tizirombo kapena kukula pang'onopang'ono, izi zikutanthauza kuti nthaka ilibenso mulingo wake wachilengedwe.
Mabakiteriya "oyipa" otere. B. Mabakiteriya ovunda amakhala ambiri ndipo amakopa nkhono ndi alendo ena osalandiridwa. “Zabwino”, mwachitsanzo, zothandiza, mabakiteriya a m’nthaka ali ochepa pankhaniyi. Ndiye mumapeza bwanji mabakiteriya opindulitsa m'nthaka? Ndi EM. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta EM si ena koma mabakiteriya opindulitsa omwe dothi lambiri masiku ano lilibe.
Chiwerengero cha mabakiteriya opindulitsa m'nthaka yanu chikachulukanso, nthaka yabwino, chonde cha nthaka, komanso nthawi yomweyo thanzi la zomera ndipo chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa zokolola kumawonjezeka - zinthu zomwe zimapanga wolima munda watsopano wokhala ndi organic wopangidwa kumene. munda pafupifupi kuphulika ndi kunyada.
Koma EM imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?
Kugwiritsa ntchito EM-1
EM-1 ndi mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku Effective Microorganisms ndipo amabweretsa chonde komanso mgwirizano pafupifupi dimba lililonse. Lili ndi ntchito zopanda malire. Nayi zosankha zochepa:
EM m'munda wachilengedwe: Kuchuluka kwa chonde m'nthaka
Mukayamba dimba lanu lachilengedwe, yambani osataya zinthu zakuthupi m'zinyalala.
M'malo mwake, phwanyani zinyalala zanu zonse bwino (mwachitsanzo ndi chowotchera), popeza kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tidzakhala ndi malo okwanira ndikusandutsa manyowa anu kukhala nthaka yachonde ya m'munda.
Nthawi iliyonse mukathira manyowa atsopano pa kompositi yanu, ikani mulu wa kompositi wosasunthika wa EM-1 ndikuuphimba ndi dothi lopyapyala. Mulch wanu amathiridwanso ndi EM-1 musanagwiritse ntchito, osakanizidwa, kenako ndikuyala pansi.
Ngati muli ndi miyezi iwiri musanabzale mbewu kapena kubzala mbande, ndiye kuti mutha kukonzekera chinthu chotchedwa bokashi. Izi ndi zinthu za kompositi zomwe zimapangidwa motere:
Kompositi yopangidwa bwino imasakanizidwa ndi fumbi la miyala ndipo - ngati ilipo - manyowa a nyama (makamaka manyowa a nkhuku), opopera kapena kuthirira ndi EM-1® yosakanizidwa ndi yokutidwa ndi filimu ya pulasitiki (yotetezedwa ndi miyala kuzungulira), ndikusiya kutentha, koma osati malo adzuwa athunthu.
Kusakaniza kumeneku kumasiyidwa kuti kupesa kwa milungu itatu kapena inayi (m'nyengo yofunda yokha). Zing'onozing'ono zimatha kudzazidwa m'matumba apulasitiki ndikusungidwa motsekedwa mwamphamvu m'malo otentha.
Pakatha mwezi umodzi, zofufumitsa zimakwiriridwa - pafupifupi 10 mpaka 20 cm kuya kwake. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito Bokashi pa mabedi a masamba, ndiye kuti muiike pamenepo pamzere wanu wamtsogolo wa zomera.
Itha kubzalidwa kapena kubzalidwa patatha milungu inayi, koma posachedwa, apo ayi, kusakaniza kofufumitsa kumakhala acidic kwambiri kwa mbewu zazing'ono.
EM kwa mitengo ya zipatso
Ngati mukufuna kuyika EM-Bokashi kuzungulira mtengo wa zipatso, ndiye chitani izi - malingana ndi kukula kwa mtengo - m'malo angapo pafupi ndi dzenje la mtengo.
Mitengo yakale yomwe mwina siinakolole mokwanira kwa nthawi yayitali ikhoza kubwereranso. Mitengo yaying'ono yazipatso iyeneranso kuthiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata ndi EM-1® (yochepetsedwa 1:10 ndi madzi).
EM kwa mbande kapena zomera matenda
Poyamba, mbewu zomwe zabzalidwa kumene ziyenera kuthiriridwa kamodzi pa sabata ndi EM-1 (kuchepetsedwa 1:200 ndi madzi).
Ngati zomera kapena mitengo ikudwala kapena kugwidwa ndi tizirombo, ikhoza kupopera ndi EM-1 (1:50) (komanso kuteteza masiku 10 mpaka 14). Onetsetsani kuti EM-1 sikhudza zomera undiluted.
Kwa minda yayikulu yachilengedwe: "Falitsani" EM-1
Ngati mukupanga dimba lalikulu lachilengedwe, ndikofunikira kufalitsa EM-1. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kukonzekera malita opitilira 30 otchedwa EM-a kuchokera ku lita imodzi ya EM-1. Izi zimafuna zida zina. Koma izi zikasamaliridwa, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza.
Mufunika:
- Molasi wa nzimbe (lita imodzi ya molasi pa lita imodzi ya EM-1)
- Fermentation canister yokhala ndi mphamvu ya malita 33
- Bafa lamadzi osambiramo momwe chimbudzi chimakwanira
- Chotenthetsera (monga chimodzi chamadzi am'madzi)
- Ndipo ndithudi EM-1
Tsopano sakanizani lita imodzi ya EM-1® ndi lita imodzi ya molasi wa nzimbe (sitolo yazakudya zathanzi) ndi malita 31 amadzi, lembani osakanizawo mumtsuko wa fermentation ndikuusunga kwa masiku 7 mpaka 10 pa kutentha kwapakati pa 30 ndi 35 digiri ( Izi zimagwira ntchito posamba m'madzi ndi chotenthetsera cha aquarium).
Panthawi imeneyi, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timachulukana mofulumira ndipo timagwiritsira ntchito nzimbe monga njira yothetsera michere.
Zomwe zimapangidwira zamadzimadzi zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati EM-1.
Kupanga dimba lachilengedwe: Malamulo Ofunikira
Malamulo otsatirawa akuyenera kukuthandizani:
- Lembani miphika ndi mabedi
Aliyense amene angoyamba kumene munda wa organic amakonda kuiwala kulemba mosamala mabedi kapena miphika yake. Amakhulupirira kuti n'zosavuta kukumbukira zomwe zafesedwa ndi kuti. Osati ngakhale pafupi. Nthawi zambiri simungathe.
Lembani mzere uliwonse wa mbeu kuti mudziwe kumene mwafesa. Kupanda kutero (ngati simukudziŵa bwino kaonekedwe ka mbewu iliyonse poyamba) mukhoza kusalira mbande zanu zamasamba mosadziwa.
- Chikhalidwe chosakanikirana ndi kasinthasintha wa mbewu
Pokonzekera ndi kupanga munda wanu wachilengedwe, kumbukiraninso malamulo a kulima mosakaniza ndi kasinthasintha wa mbewu.
Chikhalidwe chosakanikirana chimatanthauza kuti mumangobzala zomera pamodzi pabedi lomwelo lomwe limagwirizana bwino ndi wina ndi mzake ndipo lingathe kutetezana ku tizirombo, mwachitsanzo B. kaloti ndi anyezi, omwe amadziwika ndi malo ogwirizana kwambiri.
Tomato ndi nkhaka sizikondana choncho. Nkhaka, kumbali ina, zimagwirizana bwino ndi katsabola m'munda monga momwe zimakhalira mu mbale ya saladi. Chonde bzalani nyemba ndi mbatata motalikirana. Kumbali inayi, nyemba ndizololedwa kumera limodzi ndi letesi pakama.
Chaka ndi chaka muyenera kubzala masamba omwe mumamera m'magawo osiyanasiyana amunda wanu. Izi zimatchedwa kasinthasintha wa mbeu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munalima kaloti pamalo amodzi, yesani tomato pamalo omwewo chaka chamawa. Komano, bzalani kaloti kumene nyemba zinakula chaka chatha.
Muyenera kuchita izi chifukwa masamba aliwonse amafunikira zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mupitiriza kubzala masamba omwewo pamalo omwewo, ndiye kuti malowo nthawi zonse amakhala opanda michere yambiri yomwe ikufunika.
M'chaka chotsatira, izi zikutanthauza kuti ndiwo zamasamba sizipezanso zakudya zokwanira zosakaniza. Choncho, kusintha malo olimako kumatsimikizira kuti zakudya zofunikira zimapezeka nthawi zonse komanso kulikonse kwa masamba ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana.
Momwemonso, kutsatira malamulo a kasinthasintha wa mbeu kungathe kuthetsa matenda ena m'nthaka. Pambuyo kukolola wanu woyamba organic masamba, inu mwina kudabwa chifukwa inu simunayambe munda organic mwamsanga. Ndipo mudzadabwitsidwa ndi momwe zimakhalira zosavuta kulima zanu zopangira organic. Inde, padzakhalanso zolephera ndi masamba amodzi kapena ena. Koma phunzirani kwa izo ndipo mudzachita bwino chaka chamawa.
Mulimonsemo, ndi munda wanu wamaluwa, simungopulumutsa ndalama zambiri, komanso mutha kuonetsetsa kuti inu ndi banja lanu mutha kudya masamba achilengedwe omwe simungagule kwina kulikonse mumtundu uwu komanso mwatsopano.
Kuphatikiza apo, dimba ndi losangalatsa kwambiri ndipo mutha kubzalanso maluwa ambiri, zitsamba zamankhwala, ndi zosowa pakati pa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
Munda wamaluwa ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri, zothandiza, komanso zokongola zomwe zilipo - za banja lonse.
