Micah Stanley
Kaŵirikaŵiri amanenedwa kuti popanda kudya nyama, ubongo wa munthu sukanakula kukhala mmene ulili lerolino m’kati mwa chisinthiko. Mu kafukufuku wa Januware 2022, komabe, malingaliro awa amafunsidwa.
Ubongo wa munthu umanenedwa kuti unapangidwa ndi thupi lokha
Kaŵirikaŵiri amanenedwa kuti chifukwa chakuti makolo athu anayamba kudya nyama zambiri ndipo adatha kuswa ndi zida zatsopano, ubongo wawo ukanatha. Ndipo osati izo zokha. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ntchito ya kutafuna, mano ake akhala ang'onoang'ono, ndipo nkhope yake imakhala yosalala (anthu ambiri). Umunso ndi momwe chofunikira kuti chitukuko cha chinenero chinalengedwe.
Akuti izi sizikanatheka ndi chakudya chochokera ku zomera, chifukwa ntchito yotafunayo ikanafuna mphamvu ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri. Komano, nyama ya minced imangofunika kutafunidwa pang’ono, ndipo kagayidwe kake kamakhala kothandiza kwambiri – mwachitsanzo, imapereka mphamvu zambiri popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri panthawi imodzi. Mwachidule: chifukwa cha nyama yomwe tili komwe tili lero, malinga ndi lingaliro lakuti anthu ambiri amangosangalala kwambiri kuti asakhulupirire.
Kodi tikadakhala anyani pazakudya zochokera ku zomera?
Ndiye kodi tikanakhalabe m'mitengo tikumeta masamba ndikukhala ndi ubongo waung'ono ngati makolo athu akanaganiza zopita ku vegan masana? Kupatulapo mfundo yakuti pamenepa, sitingade nkhawa ndi zinyalala za nyukiliya, katemera wokakamiza, ndi kusintha kwa nyengo masiku ano, n’kutheka kuti sizowona.
Mu Januware 2022, kafukufuku wokayikira kufunikira kwa kudya nyama pakusinthika kwamunthu adawonekera m'magazini yotchedwa Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Kodi thupi linatipanga kukhala anthu?
Palibe kukayika kuti ubongo wokulirapo udawonedwa koyamba ku Homo erectus zaka 2 miliyoni zapitazo. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti Homo erectus - monga tafotokozera pamwambapa - adasintha zakudya zake, mwachitsanzo, adadya masamba ochepa komanso nyama yambiri komanso adadula chakudya chake.
Komabe - malinga ndi olemba kafukufuku wozungulira paleoanthropologist Dr. W. Andrew Barr - ndizotsatira zopotoka za mbali imodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa maganizo pa nthawi ino. Munthu amayang'ana zisonyezo za kuchuluka kwa kudya nyama pambuyo powonekera kwa Homo erectus akupeza, ndikuziwona umboni wa lingaliro lakuti "Nyama inatipanga ife anthu".
dr Barr akufotokoza kuti, "Komabe, ngati (monga momwe timachitira) mumagwiritsa ntchito njira zochulukirachulukira kusanthula zomwe zapezeka m'malo ambiri ofukula zakale ku East Africa, ndiye kuti lingalirolo limayamba kufalikira."
Kudya nyama sikunachuluke panthawiyo
Pa kafukufuku wawo, Barr ndi anzake adagwiritsa ntchito deta kuchokera kumadera asanu ndi anayi ofunikira kwambiri ofufuza ku East Africa, kuphatikizapo malo a 59 omwe amapereka deta kuchokera ku 2.6 mpaka 1.2 miliyoni zapitazo. Zofukufuku zambiri zinafufuzidwa, mwachitsanzo B. Mafupa a nyama omwe amawonetsa zida zodulira bwino, zomwe zinali zofunikanso kuti mafupa otere angapezeke m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Zinapezeka kuti panalibe zambiri zomwe zapezeka panthawi yomwe zatchulidwa zomwe zikanatsimikizira kuwonjezeka kwa kudya nyama. Chiwerengero chapamwamba chazomwe zapezedwa chinali chifukwa chakuti zitsanzo zambiri zidatengedwa posachedwa.
Ndiye nchiyani chinapangitsa ubongo wathu kukula?
Kotero ngati panthaŵiyo panalibe kuwonjezereka kwa kudya nyama, munthu amayenera kufufuza zifukwa zenizeni za kusintha kwa thupi komwe kunapangitsa anthu amakono kuchoka kwa makolo athu.
Kufotokozera zotheka kungakhale kuti makolo athu anaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito moto ndi kuphika chakudya chawo. Mwanjira imeneyi, adatha kudya chakudya chochuluka chochokera ku zomera popanda ntchito yakutafuna nthawi komanso nthawi yomweyo kuwonjezeka, bioavailability wa zakudya zomwe zili.
Mkangano wina wochepera kudya nyama
"Ndikuganiza kuti phunziro lathu ndi zotsatira zake ndizosangalatsa osati kwa anthu a paleoanthropology koma kwa anthu onse, kuphatikizapo omwe amavomereza kudya kwawo nyama ndi nkhani zakale za ubongo waumunthu zomwe zimasintha chifukwa cha kudya nyama," adatero Barr. "Kafukufuku wathu akuwonetsa kuti kudya nyama yambiri sikunali komwe kunapangitsa kuti chisinthiko cha makolo athu akale."
Kuwonjezera pa Barr, gulu lofufuza linaphatikizapo Briana Pobiner, wofufuza mu Human Origins Programme ku Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History ndi wolemba nawo maphunziro, John Rowan, pulofesa wothandizira wa anthropology ku yunivesite ya Albany, ndi Andrew Du, pulofesa wothandizira wa anthropology ndi geography ku Colorado State University ndi J. Tyler Faith, Pulofesa Wothandizira wa Anthropology ku yunivesite ya Utah.
