John Myers
Kusiya kuwononga nkhalango yamvula, mafuta a kanjedza amadzudzulidwanso chifukwa cha ngozi zomwe zingawononge thanzi. Kodi ndizowopsa?
Ndi momwe zimakhudzira:
Mafuta a kanjedza ali ndi zinthu zomwe zingakhale zoopsa
Zinthu zomwe zingakhale zowopsa mu mafuta a kanjedza zimayamba makamaka pakuyenga. Mafuta a kanjedza amathandizidwa ndi nthunzi pa kutentha pamwamba pa 200 digiri Celsius. Fungo losasangalatsa ndi zonunkhira zimatha motere. Apo ayi, mafutawo sangadye.
Koma ngakhale fungo losafunikira ndi zokometsera zimatha, ma esters owopsa amapangidwa: glycidyl, 3-monochloropropanediol ndi 2-MCPD mafuta acid esters. Ikagayidwa, imakhala glycidol, 3-MCPD ndi 2-MCPD. Zosiyanasiyana zoyipa zimaperekedwa kuzinthu zitatuzi:
Glycidol: European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) imayiyika ngati mutagenic ndi carcinogenic.
3-MCPD : EFSA imawona zotsatira zovulaza pa impso pano. Bungwe la International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), lomwe lili mbali ya WHO, linanenanso kuti 3-MCPD ndi "mwina carcinogenic".
2-MCPD : Apanso, akuganiziridwa kuti ndi poizoni wa impso komanso mwina poizoni wamtima. Kafukufuku wa Federal Institute for Risk Assessment akuwonetsa izi.
Mafuta a asidi ester sangapewedwe kotheratu popanga mafuta a kanjedza
Ndicho chifukwa chake tiyenera kulankhula za izo:
Mafuta a kanjedza ali muzakudya zambiri
Si anthu ambiri ku Germany omwe ali ndi mafuta a kanjedza m'makhitchini awo. Chifukwa chake mutha kuganiza poyamba kuti sagwiritsidwa ntchito nkomwe. M'malo mwake, ndi gawo lalikulu lazakudya zathu zomwe timagula zokonzeka ku sitolo. Kaya pitsa yowumitsidwa, zonona za chokoleti, muesli kapena chakudya cha ana - mndandanda ukhoza kupitilira, koma sitikufuna kukutopetsani. Chinthu chabwino kuchita mu supermarket ndi kungoyang'ana mndandanda wa zosakaniza nokha.
Pali zifukwa zomveka zogwiritsira ntchito mafuta a kanjedza: monga palibe mankhwala ena aliwonse, amaphatikiza zinthu zofunika kwambiri: mafuta a kanjedza ndi otsika mtengo, kulima kumagwira ntchito bwino, ndi opanda pake ndipo kumapangitsa kuti margarine afalikire, mwachitsanzo.
Koma:
Kuti mafuta a kanjedza ndi owopsa bwanji sizikudziwikiratu
Pofotokoza zinthu zitatuzi, mwina mwazindikira kuti pali "zowopsa zomwe zingatheke", "pali zowonetsa" komanso "mwina carcinogenic". Makamaka zikafika pa zotsatira za 3- ndi 2-MCPD, sitikudziwabe mokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, Alfonso Lamps wochokera ku Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, yemwe adagwira nawo ntchito ya EFSA Commission yowunika zinthu zoopsa, akuti: "Pakadali pano, palibe maphunziro oyenerera kuti awonetsere chiopsezo cha 2-MCPD".
Ngakhale kuti 3-MCPD ikukambidwabe ku EU, pakhala pali malire atsopano a glycidol mu mafuta ophikira ndi mafuta kuyambira September 19, 2018. Zitsanzo zasonyeza kale kuti makhalidwe a glycidol agwa kale kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, tsopano pali chakudya cha ana chomwe chilibe mafuta a kanjedza. Izi ndi zofunika chifukwa ngakhale kuti chiopsezo si chachikulu kwambiri kwa akuluakulu omwe nthawi zina amadya zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta a kanjedza, ndizokwera kwambiri kwa makanda. Chifukwa makanda amagwiritsa ntchito ufa wolowa m'malo mwa mkaka umenewu nthawi zonse. "Malinga ndi kuwunika kwathu, makanda omwe amangolandira mkaka wa m'mawere amawonekera kuwirikiza kakhumi kuposa momwe angawonekere kuti alibe vuto," anatero wasayansi wa EFSA Marco Binaglia chaka chatha. Ndipo glycidol imatengedwa kuti ndi carcinogenic.
Miyezo ya malire a EFSA sikokwanira kwa BfR mwina: Alfonso Nyali: "Chifukwa sitikudziwa kuti mphamvu ya genotoxic imayamba pati. Palibe malire. " Izi zikutanthauza: zikafika poipa kwambiri, ngakhale zochepa kwambiri zimatha kukhala zovuta ndikuyambitsa khansa pakapita nthawi. Koma ndiye chifukwa chiyani malire amafunikira mafuta ndi mafuta? Ndilo njira yoyendetsera zoopsa, adatero Lamps. Mafuta a asidi a ester sangapewedwe kwathunthu pakupanga. Boma likuyesera kuchepetsa kulowa momwe mungathere mwaukadaulo. Komabe, monga kusamala, BfR ikadakhazikitsa mtengo wotsika kwambiri. Ndipo m'dera limene chiopsezo cha toxicological zotsatira ngakhale m'munsi.
Ndipo tsopano?
Kuonjezeranso kuchepetsa zonyansa - ndi kuchepetsa kumwa mafuta a masamba
BfR imalimbikitsa kuti mafuta acid ester amayenera kuchepetsedwa. Ndipo kuchepetsa kumathekanso. Pali zosiyana zoyambira, akutero Bertrand Matthäus wochokera ku Max Rubner Institute, Federal Research Institute for Nutrition and Food (MRI).
Mwachitsanzo pa nthawi yokolola. Mafuta a kanjedza amapangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso za kanjedza. Kukonza msanga kwa zipatso zomwe zimakololedwa zikakhwima kumabweretsa ma diglycerides ochepa, akutero Matthäus. "Izi ndi kalambulabwalo wa ma esters okayikitsa amafuta acid." Momwemonso, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wocheperako wokhala ndi chloride, mwachitsanzo, mankhwala omwe ali ndi chloride muzomera amatha kuchepetsedwa, pomwe mafuta acid ester amapangidwa popanga, akuti Matthäus.
Palinso zomangira zosinthira pakukonza. Matthäus: “Mafuta akayeretsedwa, mungayesere kuchepetsa kutentha monga momwe mungathere.” Inde, izi sizingatheke kwamuyaya, chifukwa mwinamwake zonyansa zosafunika, zokometsera ndi zonunkhira sizikanatha. Komabe, njira zina zotsuka zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zopangira mafuta pasadakhale. Izi zimatsegula njira ina ndi kutentha.
Nanga munthu aliyense angachite chiyani? Aliyense akhoza kuyesa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a kanjedza. Mwachitsanzo, awa ndi malangizo a WWF. Izi sizokhudza kunyalanyazidwa kwa mafuta a kanjedza, koma za kumwa maswiti, zokhwasula-khwasula ndi zakudya zokonzeka. Zochepa ndi zambiri. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kwa mafuta onse a masamba. Chifukwa mafuta a kanjedza ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi zinthu zothandiza.
Ndipo: Kuti tithe kuwunika bwino kuchuluka kwa mafuta a ester m'zakudya zathu, BfR yakhazikitsa pulojekiti. Zambiri pamilingo ya 3-, 2-MCPD ndi glycidyl fatty acid esters muzakudya zathu zimasonkhanitsidwa.
