Radishi: zokometsera, zokoma, ndi zathanzi

Radishi ali ndi mavitamini ambiri, amakhala ndi gawo labwino la kutentha, komanso amakhala ndi antibiotic ndi antioxidant effect. Kusangalala - mwachitsanzo mu saladi - kumapindulitsanso thanzi, makamaka pankhani ya matenda opuma.

Radishi: Zamatsenga ndi masaya ofiira

Radishi yozungulira komanso yowala kwambiri imawoneka yosangalatsa kwambiri moti ikuwoneka kuti yachokera kudziko lina. Sizikudziwikabe komwe ikuchokera komanso chomera chomwe chimachokera.

Chinthu chimodzi, komabe, n'chosatsutsika: radish ndi ndiwo zamasamba zathanzi zomwe zimakondweretsa achinyamata ndi achikulire omwe chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kotentha ndi zokometsera. Palibe chifukwa chomveka kuti ana owoneka bwino okhala ndi masaya ofiira amatchedwa radishes m'malo ena.

Masamba a Radishi: Zodya komanso zopatsa thanzi

Dzina la radish limachokera ku liwu lachilatini lakuti radix, lomwe limatanthauza mizu. Zamasamba zotchuka zimamera pansi pa nthaka. Komabe, si kwenikweni muzu, koma otchedwa yosungirako tuber pafupifupi zinayi centimita wandiweyani, amene ndiye kenako kutsatiridwa ndi muzu woonda. Tsoka ilo, monga masamba obiriwira, awa nthawi zambiri amatayidwa, ngakhale amadya komanso athanzi.

Onse radish (Raphanus sativus var. sativus) ndi radishes edible monga mowa woyera radish ndi a mtundu wa radish, iwo ndi mitundu ya munda radish. Radishi amafanana kwambiri ndi kukoma kwawo ndi zosakaniza ndipo, monga broccoli, Brussels zikumera, ndi zina zotero, ndi za banja la cruciferous.

Zomera zathanzi: zosiyanasiyana zapezedwanso

Radishes adatchulidwa zaka zikwi zapitazo monga chakudya ndi zomera zamankhwala. Nthawi zina amakhala ndi maantibayotiki, cholagogue, ndi expectorant effect ndipo amagwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati mankhwala azikhalidwe zakutsokomola, kusowa kwa njala, mavuto am'mimba, komanso matenda a chiwindi ndi ndulu.

Malinga ndi magwero, radish inatha kudzikhazikitsa yokha ku Ulaya m'zaka za zana la 16, kuyambira ku France. Mitundu yamitundu yotuwa ndi yachikasu yofiirira nthawi ina idalimidwa mosiyanasiyana, posakhalitsa idaphimbidwa ndi radish yowoneka bwino yofiira ndi yozungulira.

Kaya oval, cylindrical, kapena kutambasula: pakali pano, radishes yowoneka mosiyana ndi amitundu ndi otchuka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa zofiira zodziwika bwino, palinso zoyera, zapinki, zofiirira, zachikasu, zofiirira, komanso zamitundu iwiri. Zina mwapadera zimaphatikizirapo mitundu yoyera yooneka ngati cone, yomwe imakumbukira ma radishes amowa ang'onoang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri amadyedwa yophika, kapena mitundu yofiira ya cylindrical yofiira ndi yoyera ya Duett.

Zakudya zatsopano radishes

Ma radishes atsopano ndi 94 peresenti ya madzi ndipo, ndi 15 kcal pa 100 magalamu, ndi chakudya chochepa kwambiri cha kalori. Masamba ophwanyika alinso ndi:

• 1 g mapuloteni
• 0.1 magalamu a mafuta
• 2 g ma carbohydrate (omwe amamwa)
• 2 magalamu a fiber

Tiyenera kutsindika kuti radishes alibe chakudya chilichonse ndipo theka lake ndi fiber. Izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa chimbudzi, zimatsimikizira kukhuta kwautali, ndikutsutsa zilakolako. Chifukwa chake, ma radishes amakomedwa bwino amakometsera madzulo abwino a TV m'malo mwa tchipisi ndi zina zotero.

Mavitamini ndi mchere mu radish

Ponena za zinthu zofunika kwambiri, radish imawala mwa kusiyanasiyana kwake. Lili ndi mavitamini ndi minerals oposa 20. 100 magalamu a radishes atsopano ali ndi u. mfundo zotsatirazi, pamene RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) nthawi zonse imasonyeza gawo la zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku:

• 50 mcg Vitamini K (71.4 peresenti ya RDA): Izi ndizofunikira pakupanga mafupa, thanzi la mitsempha ya magazi, ndi kutsekeka kwa magazi.
• 30 mg vitamini C (30 peresenti ya RDA): Antioxidant imalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu yoteteza matenda osiyanasiyana monga. B. Khansa.
• 24 µg vitamini B9 (6 peresenti ya RDA): Amadziwikanso kuti kupatsidwa folic acid, amakhudzidwa ndi kupanga mahomoni omva bwino a serotonin, norepinephrine, ndi dopamine, komanso m'mitsempha yamagazi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ma embryonic akukula.
• 1.5 mg iron (12 peresenti ya RDA): Chotsatira ndichopanga ma cell komanso chofunikira kuti mpweya uyendetsedwe kudzera m'maselo ofiira a magazi.
• 255 mg wa potaziyamu (6.4 peresenti ya RDA): Izi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamlingo wa electrolyte wa maselo ndikulimbitsa dongosolo lamanjenje, ulusi wa minofu, ndi mtima.
• 53 μg mkuwa (4.2 peresenti ya RDA): Imathandizira kuyamwa kwachitsulo, imakhala ndi anti-inflammatory effect, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a rheumatic.

Mafuta a mpiru ali ndi antibiotic komanso detoxifying effect

Mwambiwu umati, zomwe zimakonda kutentha zimakhala zathanzi. Mwambi wakale uwu umakhudzanso radish. Mafuta a mpiru ndi omwe amachititsa kukoma kwa peppery. Izi zimachitika pamene masamba ophwanyika alumidwa kapena kuwadula mwanjira ina. Chifukwa ndiye mpiru mafuta glycosides zili radish kukumana ndi puloteni myrosinase, amene aliponso kumeneko. Pokhapokha pamene radish imatentha. Mwa mafuta a mpiru a mpiru, chinthu cha allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta a mpiru glycoside sinigrin, chiyenera kutchulidwa mwapadera.

Maphunziro osiyanasiyana monga Ofufuza monga omwe ali ku Roswell Park Cancer

Mabungwe ku New York asonyeza kuti AITC ili ndi maantibayotiki, imateteza anthu ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya ndi bowa, imateteza kutupa, ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu yoteteza zotupa monga khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Ndizosangalatsanso kuti bioavailability ya AITC ndiyokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mafuta ena a mpiru ndipo ndi 90 peresenti yodabwitsa.

Mafuta a mpiru a sulforaphane - omwe amapezekanso mu broccoli, kolifulawa, ndi zina zotero - ali ndi mphamvu ya antioxidant ndipo angapangitse chilonda cha m'mimba choyambitsa Helicobacter pylori kukhala chopanda vuto. Kuonjezera apo, mafuta a mpiruwa amatha kupha maselo a khansa ndikuteteza thupi ku poizoni. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, sulforaphane amathanso kuchepetsa poizoni omwe amapezeka mu mankhwala a khansa a doxorubicin, omwe angawononge minofu ya mtima.

Zofiira zofiira mu radishes zimalimbikitsa thanzi

Monga chomera china chilichonse cha cruciferous, radishes samangokhala ndi mafuta ochepa a mpiru glycosides komanso zinthu zina zambiri zachiwiri. Onse amagwira ntchito limodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri kuposa momwe akanathera paokha. Izi zimaphatikizapo utoto wapadera wachilengedwe womwe umapatsa radish wofiira mtundu wake wodabwitsa.

Ofufuza ochokera ku Universiti Putra Malaysia adayang'anitsitsa zomwe zimatchedwa anthocyanins mu 2017 ndipo adapeza kuti ali ndi antioxidant ndi antimicrobial properties, amapindulitsa maso, amalimbikitsa thanzi la mitsempha, amalimbana ndi kutupa ndipo chifukwa chake amateteza ku matenda ambiri monga kunenepa kwambiri, shuga. , matenda a mtima, ndi khansa zingateteze. Timalimbikitsa nkhaniyi: Anthocyanins amateteza ku khansa.

Radishi amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga

Anthu odwala matenda a shuga amapindulanso ndi kuchuluka kwa radish. Ndiye kuchotsedwa z. Malinga ndi zomwe zapezedwa posachedwa, mwachitsanzo, sulforaphane imachulukitsa kupanga shuga m'maselo a chiwindi ndikuwongolera kulolerana kwa shuga, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti thupi silimakhudzidwanso kwambiri ndi kudya kwamafuta ndi kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo limatha kukonza bwino shuga.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wachidule ku Jordan University of Science and Technology, antidiabetic zotsatira za radishes zitha kukhala chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito: Choyamba, ma antioxidants omwe ali nawo amawonjezera chitetezo cha thupi ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa okosijeni. Zotsatira zonsezi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayendetsedwa ndikulimbikitsa kutengeka kwa glucose m'maselo ndikuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa glucose m'matumbo.

Zoonadi, sizili choncho kuti odwala matenda a shuga amatha kuchotsa kuvutika kwawo pongodya radishes. Komabe, kwa nthawi yaitali asayansi avomereza kuti matendawa angathe kupeŵedwa ngakhalenso kuchiritsidwa mwa anthu ambiri amene akhudzidwa ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira, kuchepetsa thupi, ndiponso kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Zomera za Cruciferous monga radishes zimanenedwa kuti zili ndi mwayi wapadera wodzitetezera, zomwe zidatsimikiziridwanso ndi kafukufuku ku The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University mu 2016.

Radishi amagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amapezeka chaka chonse m'maiko olankhula Chijeremani. Radishi kuchokera kumafamu am'deralo amapezeka kuyambira Marichi mpaka Okutobala. Ngakhale radishes imachokera ku ulimi wakunja mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, iwo amalimidwa mu greenhouses mu autumn ndi yozizira. Zomwe zili mu mafuta a mpiru glycosides nthawi zonse zimakhala zochulukirapo mu radishes zakunja kotero nthawi zambiri zimalawa kwambiri.

Komabe, kulima pakhomo sikokwanira kukwaniritsa zofuna. Ma radishes otumizidwa kunja, motero, amachokera makamaka ku Netherlands, komanso ochokera ku France, Italy, Hungary, Israel, komanso Florida. Ngati mudalira ma radishes a m'madera, mumathandizira alimi a m'dera lanu ndikuthandizira kwambiri pokhudzana ndi chilengedwe.

Pogula, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti radishes ndi yolimba kukhudza, ali ndi mtundu wowala, ndipo samawonekera. Masamba ayenera kukhala obiriwira (osati achikasu) osati kugwa. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kubetcherana pa organic radishes, popeza ali ndi zinthu zambiri zamoyo ndipo amapereka maubwino ena ambiri:

Organic radishes ndi athanzi

Ngakhale kuti ndiwo zamasamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kuposa zamasamba ndi zipatso, popeza mbali yodyedwa yapansi panthaka siikumana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zotsalira zimapimidwabe mobwerezabwereza. Muyenera kusankha organic radishes, makamaka ngati mukufuna kusangalala ndi masamba. Malinga ndi Federal Office for Consumer Protection, radishes wamba anali m'gulu lazinthu zomwe zidadandaula kwambiri mu 2015.

Mu 2016, kusanthula kwa Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office ku Stuttgart kunawonetsa kuti zitsanzo 13 mwa 14 za radish zochokera ku ulimi wamba ku Germany ndi kunja zidakhudzidwa ndi zotsalira, zomwe 11 zitsanzo zidawonetsa zotsalira zingapo. Kuchuluka kwakukulu kunadutsa ngakhale mu zitsanzo za 3. Chlorates adapezedwa, zomwe zingayambitse kuletsa kwa ayodini pakapita nthawi, komanso mankhwala owopsa a herbicide chloral-dimethyl, omwe saloledwanso m'maiko olankhula Chijeremani).

Kuphatikiza apo, organic radishes amakhala ndi ma nitrate ochepa kwambiri, omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe m'nthaka ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomera ngati zakudya. Vuto, komabe, ndilakuti nthaka yaulimi wamba imakhala ndi feteleza wambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri nitrate imakhala yochuluka kwambiri. Izi zitha kubweretsa mavuto azaumoyo, makamaka kwa ana, popeza ma nitrate amasinthidwa m'thupi kukhala ma nitrites oopsa ndipo pamapeto pake amakhala ma nitrosamines, omwe amatengedwa kuti ndi owopsa.

Kololani radishes ndi radish zimamera nokha

Ngati muli ndi dimba kapena khonde, mutha kudya radishes anu kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala. Zomera zimatha kubzalidwa popanda kuchita khama, malo owala, amthunzi pang'ono komanso chinyezi chokhazikika ndizofunikira. Bokosi limodzi la khonde lokhala mozungulira 100 x 20 centimita limakwanira kukolola pafupifupi 40 radishes.

Mukhozanso kumera bwino radish kumera kunyumba. Zina mwa izo zimakhala ndi michere yambiri kuposa tuber yosungirako yokha. B. Maproteni ochuluka kuwirikiza katatu komanso pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri vitamini C ndi ayironi. Pogula njere, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti ndizoyeneranso kumera.

Ziviike mbewuzo m'madzi ozizira kwa maola pafupifupi 12. Mbewu zophukira zimayikidwa mu chomera ndikuzithirira ndikuzichapa kawiri pa tsiku. Ndikofunika kuti madzi azitha kuyenda bwino chifukwa njere sizimagona m'madzi. Mutha kusangalala ndi mphukira zanu patatha masiku atatu kapena asanu - mutatsuka bwino.

M'masiku ochepa oyambira kumera, radish imatha kupanga mizu yabwino kwambiri yomwe imatha kuganiziridwa kuti ndi nkhungu chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo aubweya. Kuyezetsa fungo kumathandiza: Ngati mbande zimanunkhiza mwatsopano komanso osati matope, zonse zili bwino. Zambiri zitha kupezeka pansi pa Draw rungs nokha.

Popeza radishes samasungidwa masamba, amakhala ndi alumali wocheperako. Komabe, mutha kuzisunga motetezeka mu thumba la pulasitiki mufiriji ya furiji kwa osachepera sabata. Kapena mungathe kukulunga radishes mu nsalu yonyowa ndikuyiyika mumtsuko wagalasi. Popeza masamba amachotsa chinyezi ku radish ndikupangitsa kuti makwinya, choyamba muyenera kuwachotsa ndi mpeni wakuthwa ndikuchikonza nthawi yomweyo kapena kuzisunga padera (osapitirira masiku 1-2).

Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito radishes mwamsanga, monga mafuta a mpiru omwe amawapatsa kukoma kwawo amasweka pamene amasungidwa ndipo masamba amakoma kwambiri.

Radishi: Kutentha kokometsera kukhitchini

Poyerekeza ndi zomera zina za cruciferous, radishes ali ndi ubwino umene anthu ambiri amakonda kuzidya zosaphika. Mwa njira iyi, zosakaniza zamtengo wapatali zimatha kutengedwa kuchokera kuthunthu. Raw radishes ndiwofunika kwambiri pa saladi chifukwa cha peppery note, koma amakomanso kwambiri pagawo la mkate wamba.

Ma radishes odulidwa, anyezi, ndi chives osakaniza ndi mbatata yophika ya ana amapanga chakudya chopepuka komanso chokoma chachilimwe. Mizu yamasamba imathanso kusinthidwa kukhala soups onunkhira kapena zokometsera pesto.

Radishi amakomanso modabwitsa akawotchedwa pang'ono mu wok ndi mafuta pang'ono a azitona. Zimagwirizana bwino ndi zipatso zokoma monga maapulo, mango, kapena mphesa. Muzakudya zaku Asia, makamaka, ndizofala kuphatikiza mwaluso zakudya zokometsera ndi zokoma.

Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito masamba atsopano, zokometsera radish mu saladi kapena mbale zina monga zitsamba. Amalawa mokoma makamaka akakonzedwa ngati sipinachi kapena monga chopangira mu green smoothies, soups, ndi sauces.