Micah Stanley
[lwptoc]
Nguva nenguva, zvinonzi avocado ingwavaira yezvakatipoteredza, chikafu chepamusoro chine mwero wakashata wezvakatipoteredza. Muchokwadi, avocado chikafu chemhando yepamusoro icho chisina kushata kupfuura zvimwe zvakawanda zvekudya maererano nekuenzanisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kuongororwa kwehupenyu hweavocado
Kare muna 2016, Die Zeit yakanyora nezve "Nyaya yeavocado yakanaka" uye yakatsanangura iyo yakasarudzika-yakaita pear seyakanyanya kukahadzika. Panguva iyoyo, munyori weZeit anowirirana akazvibvunza kana "zvaive zvakanaka kwazvo kupasirese kana vatengi veGerman vakatsiva nyama yenguruve nebhotoro nemakomo emakotapeya".
Ichokwadi kuti hapana munhu anodya “makomo emakotapeya” nekuti unogona kugadzira dip kana muto kubva pazviri, sanganisa muchero wacho musmoothie kana kuusanganisa musalad, kuti usaashandise sechikafu chikuru. Nekudaro, kana iwe waida chaizvo kudya muchero pachinzvimbo chenguruve nebhata, makomo aizobuda mazviri. Isu tinoongorora kutenderera kwehupenyu kuongororwa kweavocado uye kuienzanisa semuenzaniso neiyo yenguruve nebhota.
Saka maavocado akawanda anodyiwa
Kunyange zvazvo matani e60,000 chete emakotapeya akaunzwa kuGermany mu2016, mugore rimwe chete 5.57 mamiriyoni ematani enguruve (yakaenzana neanenge mamiriyoni 60 enguruve akaurayiwa) uye 516,000 matani ebhota akagadzirwa muGermany chete. MaGermany, naizvozvo, vanodya nyama yenguruve yakapetwa ka100 semakotapeya uye kanokwana ka10 kupfuura ruomba.
Matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza ekugadzirwa kwenyama nemukaka zvinonyatsozivikanwa. Hazvingave zviri nani here kuchinja kuma avocados? Ngatitarisei kutsoropodza kunoiswa pakotapeya.
Chii chinoshoropodzwa pamusoro pekotapeya hachisi icho chiri mukati maro, nokuti mafuta ayo uye mavhitamini ane utano hwakanaka, asi kuenzanisa kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza kunoshorwa, asi kutanga pane zvose zvinogona kuchinja nzvimbo uye kurima kwayo kunonzi kwakaoma zvikuru. Kuenzanisira izvi, Die Zeit inotora muverengi parwendo rwekuAfrica.
Miti yekotapeya inoshandura mamiriro
Zvinotaurwa kubva kumunda weavocado mudunhu reSouth Africa reLimpopo, kwaunogona kushanyira "avocado mania". Chiitiko chacho chinorondedzerwa sezvinotevera: “Kunenge kusisina gwenzi rakati chechetere, pasisina huswa hushava, uye pasisina dzimba dzemarata dzechiZulu, pachange pasisinazve imbwa dziri pedyo nemugwagwa, panzvimbo pezvo: miti yemikotapeya. Kusvika pakuona neziso. […] akaenzana, anenge mamita maviri, mashizha ane girini yakasvibirira, sokunge guruva nokusanaya kwemvura hazvingaakuvadze.”
Zvinonzwika sekuti nzvimbo yaona kuvandudzwa. Nekuti miti inogara iri nani pane imbwa dzinomhanya, huruva, uye kusanaya kwemvura. Sezviri pachena, hapana sango remvura rakacheneswa nokuda kwemiti yekotapeya kana, iyo yakasiyana zvikuru nesoya, iyo inodiwa sezvokudya zvenguruve nemombe.
Kudyarwa kwemiti munzvimbo dzekusanaya kwemvura mupermaculture kunenge kunoonekwa semushonga wenzvimbo dzisina mbereko uye kuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze. Miti inogona kusimudza mvura, kudzivirira kukukurwa kwevhu, uye inozivikanwa kuita kuti kunaya kwemvura kuve nyore. Sango rakavhenganiswa raizova nani pane monoculture, asi iyo yekupedzisira inenge iri nani pane nzvimbo yakaparara umo hupenyu husingaiti. Saka mumuenzaniso uyu, unogona kuti avocado yakachinja mamiriro ekunze kuti ave nani.
Kurimwa kwekotapeya hakuna kunetsa
Zvino zvinoenderera mberi nekupomerwa kuti makotapeya akaomarara zvakanyanya. Kubatanidzwa kwemiti yemukotapeya kunotsanangurwa kwenguva yakareba sokunge kuti danho iri chinhu chinoita kuti muti wekotapeya uve wakaoma. Asi mazuva ano hapana miti yemichero isina kubatanidzwa, kana kwete mukurima michero yekutengeserana.
Mukupesana, ndapota edza kutsvaga unonzi muti wemichero usina kumedzwa. Kazhinji kunongove nehunyanzvi hwekuita zvevadikani vegadheni vanopa zvinhu zvakadaro, asi yakajairika miti nursery zvirokwazvo haidaro. Saka haigone kuve iko kupedzisa kunoshandura muti wekotapeya kuita chimwe chinhu chakaomarara.
Vashoma uye vashoma varimi vekotapeya
Zvino zvinoshoropodzwa kuti kune mapurazi makuru mashoma uye mashoma, ukuwo mapurazi madiki mazhinji ari kutsakatika. Zvakare, iyi haisi iyo chete dambudziko rinobatanidzwa nekurima kwekotapeya, asi dambudziko rinoratidzika kunge riripo kwose kwose. Saka kune vashoma uye vashoma varimi vemukaka vashoma, vashoma uye vashoma zvitoro zvaamai-uye-pop, mashoma uye mashoma madiki mabhizinesi ekugadzira, mashoma uye mashoma ezvitoro zvemabhuku, mashoma uye mashoma madiki ezvitoro zvemagetsi, nezvimwe.
Zvakaipa kune ecological balance: kushandiswa kwemvura kwekotapeya
Chero zvazvingava, kushandiswa kwemvura kwepamusoro kweavocado kwakakomba kune ecological balance ye avocado, kunyanya kana yakakura munzvimbo dzakaoma. Nepo kirogiramu yematomatisi ichipfuura neanenge marita 180 emvura paavhareji, kirogiramu ye lettuce ine marita angangoita 130, uye kirogiramu yemakotapeya inoshandisa marita 1,000 400. Uye nekuti iwe unofungidzira kuti avocado inorema 1,000 g, unopedzisa litres emvura kune maviri nehafu avocados.
Nekudaro, mufananidzo webutiro wechinyorwa cheZeit unoratidza Hass avocado. Izvi hazviwanzo kurema kupfuura 200 g. Uye kwatova nekanenge kaviri maavocado akawanda pa1,000 litres emvura. Icho hachisati chiri kunyanya kubereka goho, uye makirogiramu makirogiramu, asi iyo yakaderera nhamba, iyo inonyanya kushamisa iyo nyaya inonzwika uye ndizvo chaizvo zvaunoda kuita.
Mukaka nemuto weapuro zvinoda huwandu hwemvura
Kana iwe zvino uchitarisa kudiwa kwemvura uye nokudaro kuenzana kwezvisikwa zvezvimwe zvekudya, zvinokurumidza kuva pachena kuti avocado haimiriri njodzi huru yezvakatipoteredza kupfuura mukaka uye muto weapuro nekuda kwekushandisa kwayo kwemvura chete, uye haina kunyange yakawanda. yakaipisisa ecological balance kupfuura kofi.
Izvi zvinoda marita zana nemakumi mana emvura pamukombe (140 g yekofi bhinzi/hupfu), ingangoita 7 g yekotapeya. Dambudziko riri pano, zvisinei, nderekuti makotapeya haadyiwe chero padyo nemari inodyiwa kofi. Pamusoro pazvo, ndiani anonamatira kapu imwe chete yekofi pazuva?
Sezvineiwo, nyama inoda kupeta mana kusvika gumi neshanu kuwanda kwemvura pakirogiramu yekotapeya, chizi kashanu, uye mazai kanopfuura katatu, saka ndokumbira utonge wega kuti ndechipi chikafu chichaita kuti pasi redu riputsike. Chokwadi harisi iro avocado.
140 litres emvura yekapu yekofi
Webhusaiti yeVirtual Water inocherekedza kuti marita zana nemakumi mana anodiwa kapu yekofi anotopfuura avhareji yedu yemazuva ese yekunwa mvura yekunwa marita zana nemakumi maviri neshanu pamunhu. Munharaunda yedu, kofi inenge isingakoshi seavocado, kana zvisinganyanyi kudaro, sezvo isiri chikafu, asi chikafu cheumbozha uye chinobva kunzvimbo dzinopisa, kureva kuti yakafamba rwendo rurefu uye naizvozvo chaizvoizvo zvinhu zvose. kubva pakuona kwevatsoropodzi veavocado kunze kwekugamuchirwa kwezvakatipoteredza (ona chikamu chinotevera).
Kana munhu wese aidya makirogiramu makumi mana emakotapeya pagore panzvimbo yeazvino makirogiramu makumi mana enguruve, zvino izvo zvaizoenderana nekuchengetedza mvura kwe40 malita pamunhu pagore.
Kubva pakuona kwekudya, zvisinei, hazvina musoro kuenzanisa kushandiswa kwemvura pakirogiramu. Nokuti mushure memakotapeya maviri (400 g) unenge uchinzwa wakaguta. Mushure mematomatisi maviri makuru kana lettuce, zvichida kwete. Zvichida mumwe anofanira kuenzanisa kushandiswa kwemvura pa kilocalorie. Asi zvino zvinhu zvinoratidzika zvakasiyana. Zvino madomasi anoda mvura nechikamu che50 percent kupfuura makopeya. Iyo ecological chiyero cheavocado haina kushata sezvatinotungamirwa kutenda tichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvekudya.
Rondedzero: kushandiswa kwemvura kwechikafu
Pazasi pane runyorwa rwekunwiwa kwemvura kwezvimwe zvekudya:
- 15,450 litres emvura pakirogiramu imwe chete yenyama yemombe
- 21,000 malita pakirogiramu imwe yekofi yakakangwa (140 malita pa7 g kapu)
- 5,000 litres pakirogiramu imwe chete yechizi
- 4,800 malita pakirogiramu imwe yenguruve
- 3,900 litres pakirogiramu imwe chete yenyama yehuku
- 3,400 litres pakirogiramu imwe chete yemupunga
- 3,300 litres pakirogiramu imwe yemazai
- 2,800 litres pakirogiramu imwe yemapfunde
- 2,400 malita eMcDo burger…
- 1,470 litres pakirogiramu imwe chete yeasparagus
- 1,300 litres pakirogiramu imwe chete yegorosi
- 1,000 litres parita rimwe remukaka
- 950 litres yerita imwe yeapuro muto
- 900 litres pakirogiramu imwe chete yechibage
- 860 litres pakirogiramu imwe yemabhanana
- 700 litres pakirogiramu imwe yemaapuro
Nzira dzekufambisa dzakareba hapana chakakosha
Zvadaro, munyaya yeZeit, avocado inopomerwa nzira yakareba yekufambisa iyo inofanirwa kufamba kusvika pakupedzisira yave pasherufu yechitoro. Kutanga nerori kuenda kumhenderekedzo yegungwa, tevere nemhepo inofefetera, kureva simba-guzzling, nengarava kuenda kuchiteshi chengarava cheEurope uye kubva ikoko kuenda kune vatengesi nevatengesi. Sezvo vasingashiviriri mabumps zvakanaka, avocado inoda zvinhu zvakawanda zvekurongedza, izvo zvinotowedzera kuipa kwayo kuenzana kwezvisikwa.
Mapoinzi ese aya anoshanda kunenge chikafu chese chinotakurwa kuenda kuEurope kubva kunzvimbo dzinopisa. Chero zvazvingava, kuedza kunobata nebhanana kunotaridzika zvakanyanya, asi hapana anofarira nokuti mumwe angave ajaira kubhanana zvakanyanya.
Kutarisa kwazvino pachitoro chikuru - chingave cheorganic kana chakajairika - chinoratidzawo (munaGunyana 2018) kuti maavocado anowanzo kupihwa asina kurongedzerwa mumabhokisi madiki, akaderera makadhibhokisi. Mabhokisi haana kana kuputirwa nepurasitiki inoisa. Ehe, mamwe masupamaketi ane mukurumbira (Lidl) anotopa maavocados mu400-giramu mambure pasina zvimwe zvekurongedza zvinhu. Sekureva kweDie Zeit, mambure anofanirwa kunge aine 1 avocado. Zvisinei, pane zvina.
Mabhanana nenyama zvinoendawo kudzimba dzinoibva
Pakupedzisira, ndiyo imba yekuibva yakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushandiswa kwesimba uye inonzi inowedzera kuenzana kwe ecological yeavocado zvakanyanya. Ikoko, mamwe makotapeya anopedza mazuva matanhatu (ayo akanyorwa kuti “ndidye” kana kuti “wagadzirira kudyiwa”) asati aagadzirira kuchitoro chikuru. Nekuti makotapeya anowanzo ramba akaomarara uye anotora kusvika masvondo maviri kusvika agadzirira kudya. Nokudaro, zvakaoma kuti vanhu vakawanda vazviise muzvokudya zvavo, izvo zvakakonzera kukura kwemakamuri ekuibva.
Nekudaro, iwe uchine sarudzo yekusvika kumakotapeya anga asiri mumakamuri ekuibva. Asi sezvinozivikanwa, nyama yemombe inochengetwawo mumakamuri ekuibva kwemazuva mashoma. Asi ipapo mumwe anotaura zvine hunyanzvi nezve "kutandara", nepo zviri pachena kuti zvinogumbura kuti makotapeya agare mumakamuri ekuibva. Zvimwe zvikafu zvakawanda zvinotochengetwa kwemwedzi yakawanda mumakamuri ane air-conditioned yakawandisa (zvinonzi zvitoro zveCA), zvakaita sembatatisi kana maapuro, kuitira kuti zvikafu izvi zvishoropodzwe nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwazvo kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kashoma chero mushonga wezvipembenene unosara mukotapeya
Kunyangwe mamwe mawebhusaiti epamhepo achiti avocado ine njodzi inotyisa, inova mishonga yezvipembenene paganda, pachokwadi, avocado ndeimwe yeCree 15, kureva michero gumi neshanu ine huwandu hushoma hwemishonga. Inenge isinganakidzi zvachose kune zvipembenene nekuda kwegomba rayo gobvu uye rakaomarara uye zvakare haina kubatwa nezvirwere zvefungal.
Saka hapana zvisaririra zvemishonga yezvipembenene pamuchero - uye kana zvakadaro, zvisaririra zvezvishandiso zvinoshandiswawo mumichero yecitrus mushure mekukohwa kuvandudza hupenyu hwavo hwesherufu (eg thiabendazole), asi kunyangwe zvisaririra izvi hazviwanzo. Maapuro mapfumbamwe kubva mugumi ekuGermany, kune rumwe rutivi, ane mishonga yezvipembenene yakawanda panguva imwe chete, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yezvirimwa zvinonyanya kurapwa nemishonga.
Sarudza pane yakanaka kana yakaipa ecological chiyero kana uchitenga!
Avocado yakafanana nechimwe chikafu. Iwe unogona kuvagadzira munzvimbo dzisina kufanira mu monocultures nepamusoro pekushandisa simba. Nekudaro, anogona zvakare kurimwa zvakanyanya mu organic yakasanganiswa tsika munzvimbo dzinogara dzichinaya. Ndeupi musiyano uripo uye kuti unotenga avocado isati yaibva here kana imwe iyo Mutengi anosarudza kuibva kumba, kuitira kuti mumwe nemumwe wedu apesvedzere kutenderera kwehupenyu kuongorora chikafu!
Ehe, organic avocado inofanirwa kutakurwa kutanga, asi kana iwe uchiwanzoramba kutakura chikafu, unogona kutenderera uchienda kumurimi ari padyo nemurimi uye kuunganidza zvekudya zvemwaka uye zvedunhu. Bva, chokwadika, kofi, mabhanana, michero ye<em>citrus, mango, mapanapple, uye marudzi mazhinji etii, koko, uye chokoreti zvinorambidzwa. Uye sezvo zvokudya zvichitakurwawo mazuva ose mukati meGermany neEurope, tisingadudzi kutakurwa kwezvipfuwo, chirevo chokuti “Handidyi chinhu chakatakurwa nzendo refu” chinoganhurira kusarudzwa kwezvokudya zvikuru.
Nyama uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka hazvisisiri sarudzo, kunyanya kune vatsoropodzi vekotapeya uye vanhu vanotungamirwa nekuenzanisa kwechikafu, sezvo chikafu (soya nechibage) chinobva mhiri kwemakungwa uye zvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvakanyanya pamusoro pezvimwe zvese zvekudya maererano. kushandiswa kwemvura.
Saka hapana chikonzero chekuchengeta maoko ako kubva kune avocado, kunyanya organic avocado.
