Gadzirisa Vitamin B12 Kushaya

Isu tinotsanangura kuti kushaikwa kwevhitamini B12 kunogona kuzviratidza sei, kureva kuti zviratidzo zvinokonzeresa. Ehezve, iwe unozoverengawo kuti ungaziva sei kushaikwa kwevhitamini B12, chii chinoita kuti ive nayo uye, hongu, kuti ungagadzirisa sei kushaikwa kwevhitamini B12.

Kushaikwa kweVitamin B12 kunobata vanhu vazhinji

Kushaikwa kweVitamin B12 kunobata vanhu vazhinji. MuGermany, 5 kusvika 7 muzana yevaduku uye kusvika ku30 muzana yevanhu vakwegura vanoratidzirwa zvishoma nevhitamini B12. Huwandu hwenyaya dzisina kutaurwa dzinogona kunge dzakakwira zvakanyanya sezvo kushomeka kwevhitamini kusingatariswe nguva nenguva panguva yekuongororwa kwechiremba.

Symptomatic kana asymptomatic vhitamini B12 kushomeka

Kushaikwa kwevhitamini B12 kunogona kuramba pasina zviratidzo kwemakore mazhinji, izvo zvinokonzerwa nekuti matura emuviri anogara kwenguva yakareba. Inenge 4000 micrograms yevhitamini B12 inochengetwa muchiropa uye tsandanyama dzemunhu mukuru. Aya matura anoshandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kana vhitamini isina kupihwa kuitira kuti kushomeka kunogona kungove chiratidzo mushure memakore matatu kana anopfuura.

Kana vhitamini B12 mazinga akadzikira asi pasina zviratidzo zvakadaro, izvi zvinonzi kushaikwa kweasymptomatic vitamin B12.

Zviri pamutemo, kushaikwa kwechiratidzo chevhitamini B12 kunosanganisira pernicious anemia uye zvakare inodaidzwa kuti Hunter glossitis. Kune rumwe rutivi, zviratidzo zvisina kujeka hazviwanzobatanidzwa nekushayikwa kwevhitamini B12 navanachiremba.

Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvisina kujeka zvekushomeka

Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvisina kujeka zvekushomeka kwevhitamini B12 zvinosanganisira zvinotevera. Kana ukaona izvi, ita kuti vhitamini B12 yako itariswe:

• chiveve paganda
• Kudzvova mumaoko uye/kana makumbo
• kurasikirwa nechido
• kutsva rurimi
• akatsemuka makona emuromo
• kushaya simba kunooneka mukuita uye ndangariro
• Kuchinja-chinja kwemanzwiro kakawanda pasina chikonzero chakajeka
• chizoro
• kuoma kuisa pfungwa
• kushushikana kwehope
• Kuneta uye kuneta pasina chikonzero chakajeka

Gare gare, kune zvirwere zvakakomba, eg:

• zvirwere zvemwoyo
• Zvirwere zveHematological (= zvirwere / kukanganisa kwekuumbwa kweropa), zvakadai seanemia, semuenzaniso B. Pernicious anemia. Anemia kushomeka kweropa.
• Dementia kana dementia-sezviratidzo
• Zvirwere zvetsinga: neuropathies (zvirwere zvetsinga), semuenzaniso B. funicular myelosis ine kufamba kusingagadzike uye kuoma mitezo; kushaya hanya kusagadzikana; kuora mwoyo

Pernicious anemia nekuda kwekushaikwa kwevhitamini B12

Mune pernicious anemia, masero matsvuku eropa anowedzera. Izvo zvakare zvine hemoglobin yakawanda (tsvuku yeropa pigment) kupfuura yakajairika masero eropa. Aya masero eropa akawedzera anonziwo megaloblasts, nepo masero eropa akajairika anonzi normoblasts. Pernicious anemia saka imwe ye megaloblastic anemias, iyo inosanganisirawo folic acid inoshaya anemia.

Zviratidzo zve megaloblastic anemia zvakafanana kune mamwe anemia uye zvinosanganisira kuneta, kukurumidza kupera, kuderedza kushanda, tachycardia, kupenya, uye zvichida Hunter glossitis. Hunter glossitis is a pathological change mururimi nerurimi rwunopisa, rwakatsetseka pamusoro perurimi, uye rurimi runotanga kucheneruka uye gare gare kushandura rurimi rutsvuku rwemoto. Muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, pernicious anemia inogona kukura kuva funicular myelosis.

Funicular myelitis nekuda kwekushaikwa kwevhitamini B12

Funicular myelitis chirwere chakafanana nemultiple sclerosis asi, kusiyana nacho, chinogona kurapwa nekutungamirirwa kwevhitamini B12. Funicular myelosis inokonzerawo kuderera kwemyelin sheaths yetsinga muuropi uye musana. (Myelin sheaths imhando yekudzivirira inotenderedza nerve fibers). Muzviitiko zvakawanda, manzwiro asina kujairika akadai sekurira kana kurwadziwa kunotanga kutanga, kuteverwa gare gare nekufamba kusina kusimba, kushaya simba kwemhasuru, uye (spastic) mitezo. Kana uropi hukakanganiswa, kuvhiringidzika kwepfungwa, kuneta, uye psychoses zvinoonekwa.

Kuvandudza kunouya nekukurumidza

Inowanzobvunzwa kuti nokukurumidza sei vhitamini B12 inoshaya zviratidzo zvinovandudza paunotanga kutora vitamini B12 sekuwedzera kwezvokudya. Kana iwe ukatora vhitamini B12 yevhitamini B12 yekushayikwa zviratidzo, zviratidzo zvehematological zvinowanzovandudza mukati mevhiki, zviratidzo zvetsinga mukati memwedzi mitatu - zvichienderana nekuoma, hongu.

Chinodiwa chezuva nezuva

Nepo iwe uchiwanzotora madosi akakwira evhitamini B12 kana paine kuperevedza kuitira kugadzirisa kushomeka nekukurumidza, muviri unongoda huwandu hushoma hwevhitamini B12 zuva rega rega kana wangozadza zvitoro zvawo. Zvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva zvevhitamini B12 ndezvizvi (imwe neimwe muµg (micrograms) pazuva):

mwana

• 0 kusvika pasi pemwedzi mina: 4
• 4 kusvika pasi pemwedzi mina: 12

vana

• 1 kusvika pasi pemakore mana: 4
• 4 kusvika pasi pemakore mana: 7
• 7 kusvika pasi pemakore mana: 10
• 10 kusvika pasi pemakore mana: 13
• 13 kusvika pasi pemakore mana: 15

vechidiki nevakuru

• 15 kusvika pasi pemakore mana: 19
• 19 kusvika pasi pemakore mana: 25
• 25 kusvika pasi pemakore mana: 51
• 51 kusvika pasi pemakore mana: 65
• Makore 65 zvichikwira: 4.0
• Pamuviri: 4.5
• Kuyamwisa: 5.5

Gadzirisa vhitamini B12 kushomeka

Kushaikwa kwevhitamini B12 kunogona kuwanikwa nyore nyore nachiremba, mumwe murapi, kana kuongororwa kumba. Kana uine vhitamini B12 kushomeka, unogona kazhinji kuigadzirisa zviri nyore.

Zvikonzero zvekushaikwa kwevhitamini B12

Sezvo vhitamini B12, mukusiyana nemamwe ese mavhitamini eiyo B yakaoma, inowanikwa chete mukudya kwemhuka, mavegan anoonekwa seakatemerwa kushomeka kwevhitamini B12. Asi vasiri vegans vanogona zvakare kutambura nekushomeka kwevhitamini B12.

Nekuda kwemimwe mishonga, chikafu chisina hutano, kana hutachiona hunogona kukonzeresa kukuvadzwa mudumbu nematumbu, izvo zvinozoitazve kushomeka kwevhitamini B12 zvakanyanya. Kunwa doro zvisina kufanira, anorexia, uye maitiro akajairwa ekushaya zvinovaka muviri (semuenzaniso mukuchembera, kana uchidya zvishoma kana kudivi rimwe) zvinoonekwawo sezvikonzero zvekushaikwa kwevhitamini B12.

Vose vegans uye vasiri vegans vanogona kukanganiswa nekushayikwa kwevhitamini B12 - chete chikonzero chinowanzosiyana.

MaOmnivores ane B12 kushomeka kazhinji ane chirwere chemudumbu, nepo vegans vachingoshaya iyo mbishi nekuti kudya kwechirimwa kunenge kuine vhitamini B12 shoma, kana iripo, uye haiwanzo kutaura nezvekutora vhitamini B12 yekuwedzera inofungidzirwa.

Kunyunyuta kwemudumbu kunogona kutungamirira sei kushayikwa kwevhitamini B12

Vhitamini B12 inoda kuti dumbu rine hutano rititemerwe zvizere nekuda kwechikonzero chinotevera:

Iyo inonzi intrinsic factor inogadzirwa mumasero eparietal egastric mucosa - puroteni inotakura iyo vitamini B12 kubva pakudya inogona kuzvibatanidza kuitira kuti igozopinda mudumbu duku (ileum).

Nekudaro, kana iyo mucous membrane yemudumbu yakuvadzwa, panotanga kushaikwa intrinsic factor uye nekudaro zvakare kushomeka kweB12. Asi vanhu vazhinji vane dumbu rakashata, akawanda omnivores kupfuura vegans.

Izvi zvakafanana kune zvirwere zvematumbo. Izvi, zvakare, zvinowanzokonzera kushaikwa kwevhitamini B12 kana vhitamini isisakwanise kunyura zvizere, semuenzaniso B. muura unogumbuka unogara uchiita manyoka kana muzvirwere zvisingaperi zvinoputika, kana chokwadi kana zvikamu zvemukati zvave kutovhiyiwa. kubviswa.

Kuti kupisa kwemoyo kunogona kutungamirira sei kushayikwa kwevhitamini B12

Mumamiriro ezvinhu ematambudziko emudumbu, haafaniri kunge ane chirwere chakakomba chemudumbu, semuenzaniso B. gastritis rudzi A (kuzvimba kwedumbu remukati), izvo zvinogonawo kutungamirira kukushaya vhitamini B12. Chirungurira zvakakwana. Nekuti vanhu vazhinji vanotora acid blockers (proton pump inhibitors, senge omeprazole) nekuda kwekupisa kwemoyo - uye ndizvo chaizvo mishonga iyi inokurudzira kushaikwa kweB12.

Omeprazole uye yakafanana asidhi blockers haingodzivisi kuumbwa kwegastric acid, asiwo kuumbwa kweiyo intrinsic factor kuitira kuti pasave (kana kuti diki) vhitamini B12 inogona kutorwa (malabsorption).

Maparasite anogona sei kutungamira mukushaikwa kwevhitamini B12

Kubatwa nehove tapeworm kunogonawo kukonzera kushaikwa kwevhitamini B12. Hove tapeworm inowanzobatwa nekudya hove mbishi. Iyo parasite inodonhedza zviuru zvemazai zuva nezuva, ayo anoonekwa zviri nyore muchigaro, zvichiita kuti kuongororwa kuve nyore.

Kushaikwa kwevhitamini B12 saka harisi dambudziko rinongobata vegan vanhu. Kushomeka kwevhitamini kunogona kukanganisa chero munhu, sekushaikwa kwevhitamini D, kushomeka kwemagnesium, kana kumwe kushomeka.

Kutsunga kwehuwandu hwevhitamini B12 mu serum

Vanachiremba vazhinji vachiri kuona huwandu hwevhitamini B12 museramu yeropa, asi izvi hazvina musoro, sezvo iyo isingashande B12 inoyerwa zvakare, iyo isingagone kushandisa muviri.

Izvo, saka, zvinogoneka kuti iyi B12 yakazara kukosha ichiri yakanyatsonaka, asi muchokwadi, pane yatove nekushomeka kwevhitamini B12. Chete kana iyo B12 level yatodonha zvakanyanya munhu angakwanisa kuiona kubva kune yakazara B12 kukosha muropa.

Methylmalonic acid kutsunga muweti (MMA bvunzo)

Iyo yakapusa nzira ndeye vhitamini B12 weti bvunzo, iyo iwe yaunogona kuodha online uye kuita wega kumba. Uyu muedzo unoyera chiyero chemethylmalonic acid muweti, iyo inowedzera mukushayikwa kwevhitamini B12 (zvose zviri muweti uye muropa).

Zvisinei, sezvo kunewo vanhu (kunyanya avo vanopfuura makore makumi manomwe) vakasimudza methylmalonic acid mazinga pasina kushayikwa kweB70 uyewo (pazera ripi zvaro) chirwere chemukati chemukati chinogona kukanganisa mazinga emethylmalonic acid, imwe muedzo inofanira kuitwa. kunze kuti uve padivi rakachengeteka kuita (kana iyo methylmalonic acid bvunzo yakasimudzwa). Muedzo uyu unoyera iyo inonzi holo-transcobalamin kukosha (holo-TC) muropa.

Transcobalamin iprotein inotakura vhitamini B12 (cobalamin). Kana iyo inoshanda vhitamini B12 inosunga kune transcobalamin, musanganiswa uyu unonzi holo-transcobalamin

Ropa holo TC bvunzo

Neye Holo-TC bvunzo, iyo inoshanda vhitamini B12 chete inoyerwa, kuitira kuti kushaikwa kweB12 kunogona kuonekwa pakutanga chaiko uye kwete chete kana zvitoro zvevhitamini B12 zvemuviri zvatove zvakanyanya kana kushoma. Ehe, iwe unogona zvakare kungoita holo-TC kukosha kwakatemwa.

Iyo methylmalonic acid bvunzo haisati yave yakakosha. Inonyanya kukosha kune avo vasingafarire kutorwa ropa uye inowanikwawo sekuongororwa kumba.

Homocysteine ​​​​kutsunga muropa

Mukuwedzera, iyo homocysteine ​​​​level muropa inogona kutsanangurwa kuve padivi rakachengeteka. Kana yakasimudzwa, kushomeka kwevhitamini B12 - asiwo kushaikwa kwefolic acid uye/kana vhitamini B6 kushomeka - kunogona kunge kuri kutamba (kana kuperevedza kwese kutatu pamwe chete).

Iwo mareferensi kukosha kwevhitamini B12

Pazasi pane mareferenzi evhitamini B12 (yevakuru) kuitira kuti iwe ugone kurongedza nemazvo kuverenga kwako.

Reference values ​​yevhitamini B12 muserum

Kana chiremba wako akayera vhitamini B12 museramu uye yakanyanya kuderera, pane zvakajeka kushaikwa kwevhitamini B12. Zvisinei, kana zviri zvakajairika asi pamucheto wezasi wechikero chakajairwa (chakaderera-chakajairika), unofanirwa kuita kuti mimwe miedzo iitwe, senge holo-TC mamakisi kana bvunzo yeMMA. Nekuti iyo serum vhitamini B12 nhanho inogona kuramba yakajairwa kana paine chatove kushomeka kwevhitamini B12, kuyerwa kweserum hakuna kukodzera kuongororwa kushomeka kwekutanga:

• Zvakajairika: 300 - 900 pg/mL (220 - 665 pmol/L)
  zvinokwanisika kushomeka: 200 - 300 pg/ml (150 - 220 pmol/l)
• Kushaya: pasi pe200 pg/mL (150 pmol/L)
  kushomeka kwakanyanya: pasi pe150 pg/ml (110 pmol/l)

Reference values ​​yemethylmalonic acid MMA muweti uye ropa

Iwo mareferensi maitiro ekugadzwa kwemethylmalonic acid muweti ndeaya anotevera:

• B12 kushomeka hazvigoneke: kukosha pazasi 1.5 mg MMA pag creatinine
• B12 kushomeka kunokwanisika: kukosha pakati pe1.5 uye 2.5 mg MMA per g creatinine
• B12 kushomeka: mazinga akakwirira kupfuura 2.5 mg MMA pag creatinine

Iwo mareferensi kukosha kwekugadzwa kwemethylmalonic acid muropa serum ndeaya anotevera:

• B12 kushomeka kusingaite: kukosha pakati pe9 ne32 µ/l (yakaenzana nehunhu huri pakati pe76 ne280 nmol/l)
• B12 kushomeka kunokwanisika: kukosha kweanopfuura 32 µg/l (inoenderana ne280 nmol/l)

Kana paine yakaderera holotranscobalamin level panguva imwe chete, kuratidzwa kwevhitamini B12 kushomeka kunogona kufungidzirwa nechokwadi.

Reference values ​​ye holotranscobolamine mu serum

Iwo mareferensi kukosha kwekugadzwa kweholotranscobalamin muserum ndeaya anotevera:

• B12 kushomeka hazvigoneke: pamitengo iri pamusoro pe70 pmol/l
• B12 inoshaya inogoneka / muganhu wemugumisiro: 35 - 70 pmol / l
• B12 kushomeka kunokwanisika: pamitengo iri pazasi 35 pmol/l

Sezvo yakaderera holo-TC mazinga aripowo munyaya yekusakwana kwetsvo, tsika dzeitsvo dzinofanira kugara dzichiongororwa, kunyanya muvanhu vakuru.

Zvikamu zvakasiyana: nzira yekushandura

Kana yako serum vhitamini B12 level yakatemerwa asi mhedzisiro yako yakapihwa mune imwe unit, unogona kuishandura seinotevera wozoienzanisa nekudzoreredza kukosha kwepamusoro:

• pmol/L x 1.355 = pg/mL = ng/L
• ng/L x 1 = pg/mL

Ndokumbira utarise, zvisinei, kuti mareferensi maitiro anogona kuwanzosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwekuongorora uye marabhoritari saka iwe unofanirwa kushandisa mareferenzi eiyo rabhoritari inomiririra seyambiro.

Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo vitamini B12 inotorwa nemuviri

Vitamin B12 inogona kutorwa nemuviri nenzira mbiri:

• Haapfuure 1.5 micrograms yevhitamini B12 inogona kumwiwa pakudya kuburikidza nekushanda kunyura nenzira yekutakura mapuroteni (mukati chinhu).
• 1 muzana yevhitamini B12 inopedzwa inogona kunyudzwa (isina maprotein ekutakura) kuburikidza nekunyura kusinganzwisisike nekupararira, izvo zvinonyanya kunakidza kana uchitora yakakwira-dose chikafu chekuwedzera. Nekuti kana yakakwira-dose vhitamini B12 kugadzirira inopa zuva nezuva 1000 micrograms yevhitamini B12, semuenzaniso, iwe unogona kuramba uchitora 10 micrograms yevhitamini B12 kuburikidza nepassive diffusion, iyo inogona kuvhara zvinodiwa zvakanaka.

Iyi ndiyo nzira yaunokwanisa kugadzirisa nayo vhitamini B12 kushomeka

Kana iko zvino zvave pachena kuti pane kushayikwa kwevhitamini B12, zvino mubvunzo unomuka wekuti izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa sei. Matanho anodiwa anoenderana nechinokonzera kukanganisa.

Bvisa kushaikwa kwevhitamini B12 mune zvisingaperi zvichemo zvegastrointestinal
Kana iwe uchitambura nekunyunyuta kusingagumi kwegastrointestinal, kugadzirisa hutano hwako hwemudumbu kunofanira kunge kuri kutarisisa kwechimwe chiitiko. Panguva imwecheteyo, gadziriro yevhitamini B12 yakakura (yezuva nezuva ye1000 micrograms) ine musoro, sezvo ichi chinogona kunyudzwa nekusagadzikana, saka kazhinji inogona kugadzirisa kuderera kwekutanga kunyangwe nechirwere chemudumbu.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, majekiseni evhitamini B12 ndiyo mhinduro iri nani, kunyanya kana paine kushaikwa kwevhitamini B12. Vanopihwa intramuscularly, kureva mumhasuru, uye kazhinji vanogona kugadzirisa kushomeka kwevhitamini B12 mukati memavhiki mashoma.

Bvisa kushaikwa kwevhitamini B12 paunenge uchitora mishonga

Kana uri kutora mishonga inogona kukonzera kushayikwa kwevhitamini B12, taura nachiremba wako pamusoro pekuti ichiri kudiwa here kana kuti iwe unogona kurega kuitora. Kana iwe uchifanira kuramba uchitora mishonga yako, bvunza chiremba wako kana zvakakwana kana iwe uchigara uchitora vitamini B12 kuwedzera kana - kana kushayikwa kwakanyanya - kana iwe haufaniri kuva neB12 injection regimen kutanga kana kushayikwa kwako kwevhitamini B12 kungave kusina. kugadziriswa kana kungogadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma.

Mamiriro ekudya anogadzirisa kushomeka kwevhitamini B12

Kana kushaikwa kwevhitamini B12 kwakakura nekuda kwekudya kwevegan kana zvimwe zvikonzero zvisingazivikanwe, unogona kugadzirisa kushomeka nekugara uchitora vhitamini B12 yekuwedzera. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzirira dziripo nekuda kwechinangwa ichi.

Kusakwana kwevhitamini B12 nemagadzirirwo aya

Kana iwe uchida kugadzirisa kushayikwa kwevhitamini B12, gadziriro yevhitamini B12 yakakwira ine zuva nezuva 1000 micrograms yevhitamini B12 inokurudzirwa.

Capsules ine vitamini B12

Capsule gadziriro dzine musanganiswa wemhando dzakanakisisa dzevhitamini B12, kureva kuchengetedza vhitamini B12 (hydroxocobalamin) uye inoshanda B12 mafomu (methylcobalamin uye adenosylcobalamin), yakanaka.

Mhino inodonha ne vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 madonhwe emhino ave kuwanikwawo mune zvekutengesa. Nemadonhwe emhando inoshanda, semuenzaniso, iwe unogona kutora 1000 micrograms yevhitamini B12 pazuva rega rega (2 madonhwe). Iyo vhitamini inogona kunyudzwa kuburikidza nemhino mucosa, ichipfuura gastrointestinal turakiti.

Mushonga wemazino une vitamin B12

Mushonga wemazino une vitamin B12 unogonawo kubatsira kuvhara zvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva zvevhitamini B12. Dzinofanirwa kushandiswa kanenge kaviri pazuva kukanganisa vhitamini B12 mazinga.

Muchidzidzo che2017, vegans vakashandisa mushonga wemazino wakakodzera kwemavhiki gumi nemaviri vaive nekuwedzera kukuru mune ese holo-TC uye serum B12, iyo yekupedzisira ichiwedzera neavhareji ye12 pg/mL, iyo yakawanda kwazvo. Kana hunhu huri pazasi 81 kusvika 150 pg/ml, pane kushomeka. Mazinga e200 pg/ml uye pamusoro anoonekwa seakajairika, saka kugara uchishandiswa kweakapfumisa mazino anogona kuramba achivandudza kana kuchengetedza hutano hweB300.

Majekiseni anowanzo gadzirisa kushaikwa kwevhitamini B12 nekukurumidza

Intramuscular vitamin B12 injections (eg kubva kuMedivitan) inogonawo kushandiswa munyaya yezvokudya zvine chokuita nevhitamini B12 inoshaya - kana kukosha kwatove kwakaderera zvikuru. Izvi zvinowanzopiwa kamwe chete kana kaviri pavhiki kwemavhiki mashomanana. Nekuti kunwa nemuromo kwevhitamini B12 kugadzirira kana kushandiswa kweakapfumisa mazino ega kazhinji hakuna kukwana kugadzirisa kushomeka kwevhitamini B12 nekukurumidza sezvinobvira uye kugadzirisa zviratidzo.