German Bread Types uye Ingredients

Muna 2014, tsika yechingwa yeGerman yakacherechedzwa neUNESCO senhaka isingabatike yeGerman tsika nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo. Isu tinokuratidza kuti ndeapi marudzi echingwa cheGerman ndeaya echingwa tsika uye kuti akagadzirirwa sei echinyakare!

Anopfuura mazana matatu emarudzi echingwa

Rudzi rwechingwa rwechiGerman rwunogadzirwa pachishandiswa hunyanzvi hwechinyakare uye hune zvimwe zvezvakasikwa zvakakosha zvinongedzo. Musiyano wemhando ndeye mhedzisiro yezvakasiyana zvinongedzo, nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekugadzira, uye kushandiswa kweakasiyana maovheni masisitimu. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana echingwa chinobikwa zvakasiyana-siyana tembiricha uye mwando. Pamwe chete kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana echingwa emunharaunda, nhamba chaiyo iyo isingazivikanwi.

Pasina tekinoroji yemazuva ano neInternet, pakanga pasina mhedziso pahuwandu hwemhando dzechingwa dzeGerman. Zvinyorwa zvakapararira zvakabvumira kwete zvinopfuura fungidziro. Kufungidzira kwakadaro kwakaitwa neFederal Institute for Grain, Potato and Fat Research (yakatangira Max Rubner Institute, Federal Research Institute for Nutrition and Food) makumi emakore apfuura. Izvi zvakaguma nemhando mazana matatu echingwa cheGermany, nhamba isina kumbonyatsoongororwa asi ichiri kutaurwa kakawanda munhau nhasi. Nyanzvi dzaida kuziva zvakawanda, nokuda kwe "Bread World Record" muna 300, marudzi anopfuura 2005 echingwa akanyorwa nemaitiro emazuva ano emagetsi. Hazvina kunyorwa kuti zvingani zveizvi zvaive zvingwa zvemhizha, nokuti pane dambudziko nekuverenga marudzi echingwa.

Kusiyana kuburikidza nemaitiro matsva ekugadzira

Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, hunyanzvi hwechinyakare huzhinji hwakatsiviwa nemaitiro anokurumidza kugadzira. Mukugadzirwa kwechinyakare, mukanyiwa wechingwa unogadzirirwa kwenguva yakareba uye pamatanho akasiyana uye anosiiwa kuti azorore asati abikwa, dzimwe nguva kwenguva yakareba. Pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana pakati pemarudzi akawanda echingwa (ane zvinonhuwira zvakadai se caraway, high-calorie yezororo chingwa, nezvimwewo).

Kana zvinongedzo zvinoshanda zvichivimbisa kuti mukanyiwa wechingwa unogona kuiswa pakarepo muchoto, saka zvine musoro kubika misiyano isingaperi: mukanyiwa unogona kukamurwa uye wakashongedzerwa nezvinhu zvakakosha pasina kukanganisa kuibva kwechingwa kana mamwe maitiro ebasa, uko chingwa chinofanira kusiiwa chiri choga. Recipe inogona kugadziridzwa zviri nyore nekuti mhedzisiro yeiyi nzira yekubikira inokurumidza haigadziri kunhuhwirira kwakazara kwechingwa chaicho chemhizha.

Ndosaka mishmash ine mavara iri kupihwa nhasi:

• Chingwa chekare cheGerman
• Zvimedu zvechingwa nehupfu zvinongonyepedzera kunge zvakagadzirirwa maererano nemitemo yekutengeserana
• akawanda matsva echingwa ehunyanzvi anochinja zuva nezuva kune mamwe gadzirisa vanobika.

Bhuku rezvingwa resangano revabiki rava kunyora zvinonzi “chingwa chinonaka” panzvimbo pemarudzi echingwa. Nekuti zvingave zvine hutongi kupatsanura hunyanzvi hwechinyakare kubva kune dzakawanda nhengo itsva dzekubheka. Zvinopfuura mazana matatu nemakumi maviri ezvingwa zvechingwa zvave kunyorwa, izvo zvinopinzwa nevabiki pachavo. Hapana anoziva kuti zvingani zveizvi zvingwa zveGermany zvechokwadi, asi vabiki vemhizha vari kuwedzera zvakare kwose kwose.

Rondedzero yechingwa cheGerman

Mune inotungamira misimboti yeGerman Chikafu Book (DLMB), chingwa chakakamurwa kuita 17 hombe, echinyakare mapoka emhando zvichienderana nezviyo zvakashandiswa uye nzira yekugadzira, inosungirwa hunhu uye zvivakwa izvo zvinotsanangurwa. Kana uchiziva kuti rudzi rwechingwa ndereboka ripi, unoziva zvinonyanya kukosha zverudzi urwu. Heano mapoka gumi nemanomwe emhando dzine mhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzechingwa/chinyakare kubika nzira:

Zviyo zvegorosi kana chingwa chichena

Ingredients zvinoenderana neDLMB: Angangoita 90% hupfu hwegorosi
Kugadzirira kwechinyakare: kusimudza mbiriso, akawanda mafomu ekugadzirira kubva pakubheka mugaba kusvika pakurukwa anokanganisa kuravira.

Mhando:

• German chingwa chena / bhokisi chingwa chena
• Shanduro dzeGermany dzeItaly ciabatta kana Provençal fougasse, zvose nemafuta emuorivhi
• Shanduro dzeGerman dzeflatbreads kubva kutsika dzakasiyana
• Raisin chingwa (Mares, Kloben, Klaben)
• namatira chingwa chichena

Chingwa chegorosi chakasanganiswa

Ingredients maererano neDLMB: Zvinopfuura makumi mashanu uye zvisingasviki 50% yehupfu hwegorosi
Kugadzirira kwechinyakare: nechikamu chakakwirira chegorosi chete nembiriso, iyo yakawanda rye hupfu, mbiriso yakawanda, uye muto. Kune zvakare akawanda (akawanda) maumbirwo echingwa chegorosi chakavhenganiswa nekuti mukanyiwa une chikamu chepamusoro chehupfu hwegorosi kazhinji uri nyore kugadzira uye kukora.

Mhando:

• French nyika chingwa
• Hafu nehafu
• Hamburger yakanaka chingwa (ine buttermilk)
• Kassel chingwa
• crust bread
• Munsterland mares
• rose mare
• Swiss chingwa
• Chingwa chakasanganiswa chine mapuroteni akadai selupine chingwa, protein yechingwa
• Chingwa chakakosha chakadai sechingwa chembatatisi yeThuringian, chingwa chenhanga, chingwa chechestnut, buttermilk chingwa

Rye chingwa

Ingredients maererano neDLMB: Inosvika 90% yehupfu hwerye
Kugadzirira kwechinyakare: Rye mukanyiwa unogona kubikwa chete nekuwedzera asidhi, kazhinji iyi asidhi inongowedzerwa nedovi (kubva mumvura, hupfu, kupisa, uye nguva). Chikafu chinopisa chinopa chingwa chinotapira, chinotapira zvishoma uye chinoita kuti chive chakasimba kupfuura chingwa chegorosi.

Mhando:

• varimi chingwa
• Berlin nyika chingwa
• Frankenloaf
• chingwa chezviyo zvemumera
• Spessart crust

Yakasanganiswa Rye Bread

Ingredients maererano neDLMB: Kupfuura makumi mashanu uye isingasviki 50% yehupfu hwerye
Kugadzirira kwechinyakare: Pano, kuravira kwemoyo we rye sourdough kunonyoroveswa nekuwedzera hupfu hwegorosi, nehupamhi hwegorosi, mbiriso inowanzoshandiswa zvakare. Chingwa cheRye nechingwa chakasanganiswa rye zvinowanzobikwa zvakatsetseka mumhando dzakapfava kana kubayiwa zvakaenzana pamusoro. Neboka iri rechingwa rakakurumbira, zvakasara zvenharaunda yakareba zvakachengetwa: kumaodzanyemba kweGermany, maumbirwo akawanda akatenderera anotengeswa; nechokumusoro kune zvingwa zvirefu.

Mhando:

• Chingwa chekare chemurimi weGermany
• Altmark chingwa
• Bavarian imba chingwa
• dama reviri
• Eifel chingwa
• chingwa chebhari
• heather chingwa
• Hesse nyika
• chingwa chenyika
• Malfa chingwa chine 10% yehupfu hwebhari
• karoti chingwa
• Paderborn chingwa chemurimi
• Chingwa chenyika yeSilesi

Yakasiyana-siyana yekare uye mitsva mhando yechingwa cheGerman "oscillate" pakati pechingwa chegorosi chakavhenganiswa nechingwa chakavhenganiswa rye, kureva kuti inobikwa mumhando dzakasiyana nehupfu hwegorosi kana hupfu hwerye, ege:

• Bavarian imba chingwa
• doro chingwa
• Gourmet bread (yakachekwa, hazelnuts yakakangwa, soya bean, mbeu yezuva)
• Nut chingwa chine walnuts, hazelnuts, uye dzimwe nzungu
• chingwa chemuorivhi
• Black Forest chingwa
• Westerwald nyika chingwa

Yese Gorosi Chingwa

Ingredients maererano neDLMB: Inenge 90% rye uye gorosi zvigadzirwa zvezviyo; kana iri "wholemeal bread" chero ipi zvayo, kana iri "wholemeal wheat rye bread" inopfuura 50 muzana yezvigadzirwa zvegorosi, kana iri "wholemeal rye wheat bread" inopfuura 50 muzana yezvigadzirwa zverye. Zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zveasidhi yakawedzerwa inofanira kubva muhupfu.
Kugadzirira kwechinyakare: chingwa chakazara chinogadzirwa kubva pakapwanyika kusvika pasi rosemeal zviyo, mvura, mbiriso, uye / kana sourdough nemunyu. Dzimwe nguva zvinonhuwira zvinowedzerwa, uye kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvinozivikanwa maererano nechimiro, kuravira, uye chimiro.

Mhando:

• chingwa chekutakura
• Chingwa chakasviba (kwete nguva dzose chingwa chechokwadi chekudya, chingwa chakasviba chinogadzirwa kubva muzviyo pasina utachiona chinonziwo ichi)
• Wholemeal pumpkin seed bread

Chingwa chegorosi

Ingredients zvinoenderana neDLMB: Angangoita 90% yakazara gorosi zvigadzirwa
Kugadzirira kwechinyakare: ona chingwa chakazara

Mhando:

• Wholemeal Chia Wheat Bread
• chingwa chegorosi
• Wholemeal Wheat Nut Bread
• Wholemeal wheat sourdough chingwa

Wholemeal rye chingwa

Ingredients zvinoenderana neDLMB: Zvingangoita 90% yakazara zviyo zvigadzirwa zve rye, uye zvingangoita zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zveasidhi yakawedzerwa inofanira kubva mudovi.
Kugadzirira kwechinyakare: ona chingwa chakazara

Mhando:

• hunyanzvi
• Rhenish chingwa chakasviba
• rye juice chingwa

Wholegrain oat bread kana wholegrain bread nezvimwe zviyo

Ingredients maererano neDLMB: Zvingangosvika makumi maviri muzana zvigadzirwa zvezviyo zve "rumwe rudzi rwezviyo", huwandu hunosvika makumi mapfumbamwe muzana ezviyo zvigadzirwa, uye zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zveasidhi yakawedzerwa kubva mukanyiwa wakaoma.
Kugadzirira kwechinyakare: sechingwa chekudya

Mhando:

• Wholemeal Oat Bread
• Chingwa chebhari chakazara

Chingwa Chese

Ingredients maererano neDLMB: Kanenge 90% rye uye gorosi grist; muchiitiko che "chingwa chezviyo" mune chero chikamu, munyaya ye "grained gorosi rye chingwa" inopfuura 50% yegorosi, uye kana "yakakura rye chingwa chegorosi" inopfuura 50% iyo grated rye.
Kugadzirira kwechinyakare: Baked grist izviyo zvakakanyiwa zvakachekwa izvo zvakabviswa mbesa dzisati dzakuya. Zvakakosha pano kuti grist itsva igadzirwe uye mukanyiwa unoshandiswa nemubiki kwenguva yakareba uye nesimba zvokuti mapee ose anogona kuzvimba zvakanaka. Chingwa chese chinobikwa sechikafu chemukamuri yechikafu, kureva kuti chinobikwa muhovhoni dzakanyatsovharika uye chinobikwa kwemaawa patembiricha yepamusoro ye100 degrees. Nenzira iyi havagadziri ganda uye vanochengeta akawanda evhitamini anonzwa kupisa.

Mhando:

• Chingwa chebhokisi chine rough, yepakati-brown crust uye ine sourdough
• Chingwa chose chine chiperengo

Yese Gorosi Chingwa

Ingredients zvinoenderana neDLMB: Angangoita 90% hupfu hwegorosi
Kugadzirira kwechinyakare: ona chingwa chakazara

Mhando:

• Chingwa cheGraham (chingwa chebhokisi chakagadzirwa neupfu hwakatsetseka hwegorosi pasina kuwedzera munyu, mbiriso, mukanyiwa, mapuroteni akawanda + kana acid shoma)
• Chingwa chegorosi nedovi

Rye grist chingwa

Zvisungo zvinoenderana neDLMB: Angangoita 90% rye chikafu
Kugadzirira kwechinyakare: Kuzvimba kwekanyiwa kunofanirwa kukurudzirwa zvakanyanya kupfuura nezvimwe chingwa chakazara. Kana chikafu chakakora, mukanyiwa wacho unobva wazvimba kuti chingwa chive chimedu chakakora uye chinovava chakasimba.

Mhando:

• Brandenburg chingwa chakazara
• Hamburger black bread
• Oldenburg chingwa

pumpernickel

Ingredients + kugadzirira maererano neDLMB: Inosvika 90% yehupfu hwerye uye/kana wholemeal rye chikafu, shoma yekubikira nguva maawa gumi nematanhatu, kana uchigadzira kubva muhupfu hwehupfu, zvingangoita zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zveasidhi yakawedzerwa inofanira kubva mukanyiwa wakavava.
Kugadzirira kwechinyakare: steam chamber bread, ona chingwa chegorosi

Mhando:

• Westphalian Pumpernickel (Yakachengetedzwa Nenzvimbo)

Toast Bread

Ingredients zvinoenderana neDLMB:

• Toast-Bread: Inenge 90% yeupfu hwegorosi
• Wholemeal wheat toast: Zvingangoita 90% zvigadzirwa zvegorosi, uye zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zveasidhi yakawedzerwa inofanira kubva mudovi.
• Mixed Wheat Toast: Inopfuura 50% uye isingasviki 90% yehupfu hwegorosi
• Mixed Rye Toast: Inopfuura 50% uye isingasviki 90% yehupfu hwerye
• Wholemeal toast: Zvingangoita 90% zvigadzirwa zvegorosi / rye mune chero chikamu, yakawedzerwa asidhi inofanira kunge inosvika zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvedou.

Gadziriro Yechinyakare: Chingwa chekugocha chinobikwa mupani yechingwa chine insulation yakanaka kuchengetedza goko rakapfava.

Mhando:

• butter toast
• spelled toast
• Toast yezviyo (multigrain toast)
• Raisin toast
• Hot Dog Toast

Crispbread

Zvisungo + kugadzirira zvinoenderana neDLMB:

Crispbread: Inogona kunge iine hupfu hwakakwana, hupfu hwehupfu, hupfu hwerye, gorosi, zvimwe zviyo + musanganiswa wezviyo, uye zvimwe zvekudya. Chingwa chakaomeswa cheflatbread chinofanira kuviriswa nembiriso, sourdough fermentation, uye aeration nemaitiro enyama kana dzimwe nzira, kwete nekupisa extrusion (muchina kudzvanya nzira). Iyo yakapedzwa crispbread inofanira kuva nepamusoro pe10% mwando.
Mamwe maflatbread akaoma: Anofanirwa kusangana necrispbread zvinodiwa asi anogona kugadzirwa nekupisa extrusion.

Mhando:

• Zvakawanda munzvimbo mbiri idzi nekuti zvinowedzerwa zvinogona kuiswa nyore uye kuchengetwa zvakanaka nekuda kwehunyoro hwakaderera, semuenzaniso, sesame, mjölk, rye, yakawedzera kutetepa crisp, zviyo zvese, chia, uye spelled, zvimwe zvinongedzo zvinonaka semadomasi uye mozzarella, chizi. nemhodzi yenhanga, matomatisi, nebasil.

Multi-grain chingwa, matatu-zviyo chingwa, mana-zviyo chingwa, nezvimwewo.

Ingredients maererano neDLMB: Inenge mhando yezviyo zvechingwa, ingangoita imwe mhando yezviyo, uye huwandu hwemhando nhatu kana kupfuura dzakasiyana dzezviyo, imwe neimwe iine zvishoma 5%. Nhamba 15 inoshanda zvinoenderana nemultigrain toast uye multigrain crispbread.
Kugadzirira kwechinyakare: Zvichienderana nemhando yezviyo zvakanyanya, mhando dzinobva mukusarudzwa kweboka rakasiyana.

Oat bread, mupunga chingwa, cornbread, mapira chingwa, buckwheat chingwa, bhari chingwa

Ingredients maringe neDLMB: Zvingangoita 20% yeimwe neimwe yemhando dzezviyo ("mamwe" zvinoreva oats uye co. mukupesana nezviyo zvechingwa gorosi, sipereti uye rye)
Kugadzirira kwechinyakare kunoenderana nekusiyana-siyana: oat chingwa chinowanzo kubikwa chakasanganiswa negorosi, iyo yekutanga yeNorth Germany buckwheat chingwa yakabikwa kubva murye, gorosi, uye sourdough, asi isingawanzo kutengeswa nhasi (yakawanda buckwheat kupfuura gluten-isina chikafu inogadzirwa kubva chibage starch. , guar gum, gluten-isina kuvirisa chibage, mafuta, shuga, mbiriso uye hupfu hushoma hwebuckwheat mukutenderera).

Chingwa chine chiperengo, triticale chingwa

Ingredients zvinoenderana neDLMB: Angangoita 90% spelled/triticale zvigadzirwa
Kugadzirira kwechinyakare: Kugadzirira kwechinyakare kwechingwa chiperengo kwakakanganwika kwenguva yakareba zvekuti nhasi mubiki wese anobika chingwa chake. Nguva nenguva ichi chiperengo chechingwa, asi kazhinji chinosanganiswa chingwa chepereti kana chingwa chakasanganiswa chegorosi nechipereti. Iko hakuna gadziriro yechinyakare yechingwa che triticale nekuti triticale isanganiswa nyowani yegorosi ne rye. Nekuda kwekuti zvinhu zvekubikira zvakaratidza kuti hazvina kunaka, hapana kana triticale yakachena inobikwa, asi yakasanganiswa gorosi kana rye chingwa chine triticale.

Iyo nhungamiro inotsanangura rumwe ruzivo rwekuwedzera runogona kuwedzera (kwete kutsiva) iyo (kutengesa) mazita achangotsanangurwa uye kutsanangura zvimwe zvivakwa:

• Chingwa chemuchoto chematombo: chinosundirwa kana kusundidzirwa (= kubata muchoto) chinongobikwa pamatireyi ekubikira akagadzirwa nematombo echisikigo uye/kana ekugadzira, fireclay, kana zvimwe zvisizvo zvisiri zvesimbi.
• Chingwa chehuni: chinosundirwa kana kusundirwa muhovhoni dzakabatidzwa zvakananga, imba yekubikira yakagadzirwa nematombo / sematombo, huni chaihwo sehuni.
• Chingwa chebhari, chingwa chebhari: Zvimedu zvekanyiwa zvinopfuta mumoto wakavhurika kune mavara akajeka (= bhari)
• Hamu chingwa: Wholemeal rye chingwa / yakapwanyika rye chingwa (pasina ham), mune semicircular chimiro, inosundirwa yakavhurika / yakabikwa mutini, kunyanya inonaka uye inonhuhwirira kuravira.

Zvimwe zvinongedzo

Maererano nemitemo yeGermany Food Book, chingwa cheGermany chine mafuta asingasviki 10% uye / kana marudzi eshuga kusvika 90% zviyo uye / kana zvigadzirwa zvezviyo, izvi zvinoshanda kune marudzi ose echingwa eGermany.

Pamusoro pechingwa chakachena chezviyo, zvakawanda zvakakosha zvimedu zvechingwa nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvakataurwa pamusoro apa. Zve "value-determining ingredients"

• mafuta
• mukaka
• mukaka mapuroteni
• buttermilk
• yogurt
• kefir
• whey
• Quark
• gorosi utachiona
• linseed
• sesame
• sunflower mbeu
• nzungu
• Poppy
• mamwe mafuta
• Raisins/sultanas
• currants
• bran inodyiwa
• fiber inosimbisa
• grits

nhungamiro yacho inotaura huwandu hwehuwandu kana rudzi rwechingwa rwakatumidzwa zita racho. Kana zvimwe zvinonhuhwirira zvikapa rudzi rwechingwa/chingwa hunyanzvi hwayo, panofanirwa kunge paine zvakakwana muchingwa kuti izvo zvakakosha zviratidzike se "sensorially clear" kana kuve neukoshi hwezvehutano.

Sezvineiwo, kutsvaga madiki, mabhakeki ehunyanzvi akakosha mune akati wandei: chingwa chegorosi chaicho chinogona kuwana stale (chingwa casserole, dumplings), chaiyo rye chingwa chinosimbisa zvishoma, asi hapana chazvo chichaenda chakaipa kana chakachengetedzwa nemazvo.