Tracy Norris
Hakuna chimwe chikafu chine dhimoni uye chinoitwa mwari segorosi. Vamwe vanorumbidza zvakanakisa kubika zvinhu, uye vamwe vanonyunyuta nezvehutano husina kunaka. Zvisinei, gorosi harina kuipa kumunhu wose. Tinobvisa marudzi ose erusaruro.
Kufananidzira kwegorosi
Hapana chimwe chikafu chinoshoreka segorosi. Gorosi rinonzi rinokuita kuti ufure uye uore mwoyo, kunyange benzi. Hazvina kugara zvakadai. Kufananidzira kwakasiyana-siyana kunoratidza kukosha kwegorosi kuvanhu kare.
KuvaEgipita vekare, tsanga yakadyarwa yegorosi, iyo inofira muvhu (nokuti ipapo inomera ndokuva chirimwa), yaimirira rumuko. VaGiriki vekare vaiona gorosi sechinhu chakakwana chekufungisisa zvisinganzwisisike. Ukuwo, vaRoma vaidyara gorosi pamakuva kuti vakwanise kubatsirwa nesimba revakafa.
Bhaibheri rakazara nemifananidzo yegorosi. Jesu akati umambo hwokudenga hwakafanana nomunhu anodyara tsanga dzegorosi mumunda make. Mukusaziva, tsanga inomera pakavanda mufananidzo wekuzvarwa patsva kwemoyo wemunhu, wakavanzika kubva pakuonekwa. Zvingave sei kuti gorosi rarasikirwa nerunako rwakawanda mazuva ano? Iye zvino tinoda kusvika kuzasi kwemubvunzo uyu nemimwe yakawanda.
Tsika dzese dzaive nezviyo zvayo
Kurimwa kwezviyo kwakarongeka kwakatanga makore anenge 10,000 apfuura. Kurima kwakaita kuti vanhu vanotama-tama vakwanise kugara zvachose vogara pane imwe nzvimbo. Tsika imwe neimwe yaionekwa nekurimwa kwayo zviyo zvaienderana nedunhu. Nepo mupunga wairimwa kuAsia, chibage chairimwa kuAmerica uye mapfunde muAfrica. Ukuwo, vanhu vokuchamhembe vairima rye nebhari, uye vaRoma vekare vairima gorosi.
Kwakabva Gorosi
Mushure mebhari, gorosi ndiro rudzi rwechipiri rwekare rwezviyo. Zvekare zvakawanikwa zvakabva pakati pe7,800 ne5,200 BC. Chr. Gorosi rakabuda mukuyambuka kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ehuswa hwesango uye zviyo. Nzvimbo yekutanga kukura kwegorosi yainzi Fertile Crescent uye iri kuNear East. Around 2,000 BC Mukufamba kweIndo-European migration, gorosi rakasvika kuEurope.
Mhando dzakanyanya kukosha dzegorosi pakutarisa
Gorosi harisi gorosi chete. Izvi zvinosanganisira huwandu hwemhando dzezvirimwa izvo - sezviyo zvese - ndezveuswa hunotapira. Marudzi makuru egorosi ndeaya:
- einkorn
Einkorn inouya yakananga kubva kugorosi remusango uye ndiyo yakanyanyisa mhando yegorosi rinorimwa. Muzana remakore rechi20, zviyo zvisingafadzi zvakatongerwa kusakosha nokuti zvibereko zvakaderera kana zvichienzaniswa nemhando dzegorosi dzemazuva ano. Panguva ino, vanhu vari kuwedzera kufungisisa nezvekukosha kwemhando yekare yegorosi, iyo ine zvinyorwa zvepamusoro zvezvinhu zvinokosha kupfuura gorosi remazuva ano, semuenzaniso B. inenge 200 muzana yakawanda lutein (carotenoids d) uye 42 muzana yakawanda zinc. Einkorn inogadzirwa zvishoma, semuenzaniso B. inorimwa munyika dzinotaura chiGerman, Italy, uye muTurkey. Muzvitoro zvekudya zvehutano, zvigadzirwa zveEmmer zvakaita sechingwa uye pasta zvinotengeswa. - emmer
Emmer inoburuka kubva mumhando yegorosi inonzi wild emmer iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweTurkey. Kare, yakasvika kuEurope ichibva kumadokero kwePersia ichipfuura neEgypt neNorth Africa. Iyo inonzi "Gorosi reRoma" yakarasikirwa nekukosha kwayo muEurope munguva dzemazuva ano. Emmer yakawedzera kurimwa zvakare kubva muzana ramakore rechi20 asi haisati yambokwanisa kuvaka pakubudirira kwayo kwekutanga. Zvakangodaro, zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sezviyo, chingwa, pasta, uye doro zviri kuwedzera kufarirwa. - gorosi nyoro
Kana gorosi richitaurwa, kutaura kunowanzobva kugorosi rakapfava. Zita rayo rinoreva zviyo zvakapfava, zvine hupfu. Gorosi rakapfava rinobva kuEmmer uye rinozivikanwawo semhodzi kana gorosi rechingwa. Ndiwo mbeu dzinorimwa zvakanyanya uye inosvika 95 muzana yegorosi rinorimwa pasi rose. Hupfu hwegorosi hunotengeswa hunonyanya kushandiswa mudzimba hunoitwa negorosi rakapfava. Gorosi rinoshandiswa kunyanya kugadzira chingwa nezvimwe zvinobikwa. - Zvitsinga
Chiperengo - chinozivikanwawo sechiperengo kana Schwabenkorn - chine hukama zvakanyanya negorosi rakapfava uye rinobva kuTurkey. Yakabva pamuchinjiko pakati peemmer yemusango nehumwe huswa hwesango. Chiperengo chaive chibage chakakosha chekutengesa kusvika muzana ramakore rechi 18, asi kurima kwakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma nekuda kwegoho rakaderera uye kugadzirwa kwakaoma (zviyo zvakanamirwa zvakasimba kumakoko). Kubva muzana ramakore rechi21, zvisinei, zviperengo zvakaona kuvandudzwa muchimiro cheupfu, kofi, uye doro. Chiperengo chakasvibira, sechiperengo chinokohwewa chisina kuibva chobva chaomeswa chinodanwa chakazara kana kukuyiwa musobho, patties, uye kuparadzira. - durumu gorosi
Durum gorosi inozivikanwawo se durum, durum gorosi, semolina, kana girazi gorosi. Iyo yakaoma pamhando dzose dzegorosi - durum zvinoreva kuoma muchiLatin - inobva kuna Emmer. Mushure megorosi rakapfava, durum gorosi ndiyo yechipiri yakajairika mhando yegorosi asi inoverengera chete 5 kusvika 8 muzana yepasi rose kugadzirwa kwegorosi. Inonyanya kurimwa munzvimbo yeMediterranean uye muNear East. Izwi rokuti durum wheat rinoreva kuoma kwezviyo. Pamusoro pezvo, durum gorosi rine gluten yakawanda kupfuura gorosi rakapfava uye rine mapuroteni akasiyana. Nezvikonzero izvi, durum gorosi inoratidzwa nekusimba kwekubika uye saka yakanakira kugadzira pasta senge pasta. - Khorasan gorosi
Khorasan gorosi mhedzisiro yemuchinjiko wechisikigo pakati pe durum gorosi uye yesango fomu yegorosi. Iyo ndeimwe yemhando dzekare dzakarimwa dzezviyo uye pakutanga dzinobva kuKhorasan (nzvimbo yenhoroondo muIran neAfghanistan yanhasi). Kubva 1990 zita Kamut? zvinoreva mweya wenyika muEgypt yekare, yakanyoreswa uye yakachengetedzwa nehofisi yepatent yeUSA. Kurimwa nekugovera saka zvinogoneka chete pasi perezinesi kubva kukambani yeKamut International. Nzvimbo dzinonyanya kukura nhasi iNorth America neSouthern Europe.Gorosi reKhorasan harina kudiwa uye harina hanya nezvirwere uye zvipembenene uye harina kupindura kune mafetireza ekugadzira, ndosaka rakakodzera kwazvo kurima organic, asi harina kumbobvira rave richifarira kurima kwakajairika (sezvo goho rakaderera uye risiri. inogona kuwedzerwa nekuwedzera mafetireza ekugadzira). Khorasan gorosi saka chigadzirwa cheniche chinowanzo tengeswa muzvitoro zvekudya zvehutano uye zvitoro zvehutano zvekudya. Sezvakaita durum gorosi, yakanaka kugadzira pasta. Kamut zviyo zvakakura zvakanyanya kupfuura zvimwe zviyo.
Gorosi: Musiyano pakati pegorosi redurum uye gorosi rakapfava
Durum gorosi uye gorosi rakapfava zvinosiyana munzira dzakawanda. Kunyange zvazvo durum gorosi richida mamiriro ekunze anodziya, ane zuva, gorosi rakapfava rinogutsikana nemamiriro ekunze anotonhorera. Kuonekwa kwezvirimwa uye zviyo zvakasiyanawo. Durum wheat inokura zvishoma, hura dzakareba uye tsanga dzezviyo dzakaita yero uye dzine magirazi nekuda kwehuwandu hwebeta-carotene. Tsanga dzegorosi nyoro, kune rumwe rutivi, dzinenge dzakachena.
Durum gorosi rine starch shoma, mapuroteni akawanda, uye 3 muzana yakawanda gluten (glue protein) kupfuura gorosi rakapfava. Durum hupfu hwegorosi hune zvinhu zvakakora sezvo zviyo zvakaoma zvisingagone kukuyiwa zvakatsetseka. Durum hupfu hwegorosi hunogona semuenzaniso kutora mvura yakawanda nekuda kweiyo yakaomarara chimiro uye yakakwirira gluten yemukati. Somugumisiro, chimiro chakasimba, chakasimba che gluten chinovakwa, ndicho chikonzero mukanyiwa wakaoma uye wakaoma kushanda nawo uye unongosimuka zvishoma nezvishoma, asi une simba rekubika. Nezvikonzero izvi, durum gorosi rakanakira kugadzira pasta senge pasta, bulgur, semolina, uye couscous.
Nerumwe rutivi mukanyiwa wegorosi wakapfava, wakanyanya elastic, hauna kuomarara, uri nyore kushanda nawo, uye unosimuka nekukurumidza. Hupfu hwegorosi hunogona kutora mvura shoma, ndosaka mazai achifanira kuwedzerwa mukanyiwa pakugadzira pasta yakadai se tagliatelle. Iyo gluten chimiro haina kusimba uye simba rekubika rakaderera.
MuGermany, semuenzaniso, chingwa chinonyanya kugadzirwa kubva kugorosi rakapfava, sezvo mukanyiwa wakaoma wakanakira chingwa chakatsetseka senge B. rolls haina kukodzera. Kana iwe wakambodya chingwa chekumaodzanyemba kweItaly sePane Pugliese (chingwa chinobva kuPuglia), icho chakanyanya kuoma uye chakaoma-pored chichienzaniswa nechingwa chichena cheGermany, waravira mutsauko.
Gorosi: semolina uye durum gorosi zvakafanana here?
MuItaly, uko durum gorosi rinoita basa rakakosha, hupfu hwakagadzirwa kubva mairi hune izwi rayo: Semola. Iri izwi harisipo muchiGerman, ndosaka richingoshandurwa seGriess. Asi ne semolina, hazvina mutsauko zvachose kana iri durum gorosi, gorosi rakapfava, kana zviyo zvakasiyana zvachose. Izwi rokuti semolina rinotsanangura imwe nhanho yekukuya. Kana saizi yezviyo zvepasi iri pakati pe 0.3 ne1 mm, iri semolina. Chii chinonzi chigayiwa chinonzi upfu.
Gorosi rakawana kupi zita raro
Izwi rokuti gorosi rinogona kunge rinobva pashoko rechiGermany rokuti hwita kune chena, sezvo zviyo zvegorosi kana hupfu hwakagadzirwa kubva mairi zvakanyanya kujeka kana zvichienzaniswa neupfu hwe rye.
Chii chinosiyanisa hupfu hwehupfu kubva muhupfu
Hazvishamisi kufunga kuti hupfu hwakabviswa hupfu hwegorosi. Hupfu hwakabviswa hunogona kugadzirwa kubva kumarudzi akawanda ezviyo - kwete kubva pagorosi. Hupfu hwakabviswa hwakareruka pane hupfu hwehupfu nekuti hunongogadzirwa kubva mukati mepakati pezviyo uye nokudaro hauna magoko.
Nehupfu hwehupfu hwehupfu, kune rumwe rutivi, maawn chete nemateko anobviswa, nepo bran, inosanganisira mateko, iyo aleurone layer (yepamusoro pedenga inoparadzanisa endosperm kubva kunze kwegoko), uye germ, uye se mugumisiro, zvokudya zvirimo zvinenge zvakachengetedzwa zvachose. Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero nei hupfu hwegorosi hunowanzoonekwa hune hutano kupfuura hupfu hwakanatswa.
Iyo Glycemic Mutoro weGorosi
Zvose zvingwa zvegorosi (chingwa chena) uye chingwa chegorosi chine glycemic index (GI) ye 70. Zvikamu kusvika ku55 zvinonzi zvakaderera. Iyo GI inokuudza kuti chikafu chine makabhohaidhiretsi chinokanganisa sei shuga yeropa. Iyo yakakwirira iyo GI, iyo inowedzera huwandu hweshuga yeropa mushure mekudya. Izvo zvisingabatsiri zveGI ndezvekuti inogara ichireva 100 g yemakhahydrates muchikafu chakasiyana - zvisinei nekuti yakakwira sei carbohydrate yemukati pa100 g yechikafu uye zvakare zvisinei nekuti uye yakawanda sei yekudya fiber inosanganisirwa. Iyo GI saka yakanyanya kukosha kukosha izvo hazvina musoro mukuita.
Kazhinji, glycemic load (GL) maitiro anonyanya kuitika. Nekuti aya anoreva huwandu hwemakabhohaidhiretsi ari pasevhisi uye saka zvakare anosanganisira iyo fiber yemukati. Uye saka chingwa chezviyo chine GL chegumi nemasere chete, nepo chingwa chichena chiri pakati pe18 ne38.8. Zvibodzwa zvinosvika gumi zvinonzi zvakaderera, zvibodzwa kubva pa42.5 kusvika 10 zviri pakati nepakati, uye zvibodzwa makumi maviri zvichikwira zvakakwirira.
Zvigadzirwa zvegorosi, saka, zvinoita kuti shuga yeropa iwedzere zvishoma, zvinoreva kuti muviri unofanirwa kuburitsa insulin shoma. Mbeu dzese dzinogona kutodzikisa njodzi yerudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga.
Wholegrain gorosi inobvumirwa kudya kwakaderera-carb
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvokudya zvakaderera-carb. Nechikafu cheAtkins, semuenzaniso, makabhohaidhiretsi anenge akadzivirirwa zvachose pakutanga, saka zvigadzirwa zvezviyo zvese hazvikwane pano, nepo nzira yeLogi inongodzivirira kudyiwa kwemakhahydrates ane yakakwira GL. Iyo carbohydrate yemukati inogona kuva pakati pe15 ne30 muzana.
Zvakakosha kudzivisa shuga yakanatswa, hupfu chena, uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa kubva kwavari kana uchidya pasi-carb. Zvisinei, zviyo zvezviyo zvinobvumirwa, sezvo zvinokuzadza iwe nekukurumidza uye kwenguva refu, kuchengetedza ura, uye usasimudza mazinga eshuga yeropa nekukurumidza. Mushure mezvose, low carb hairevi chero carb! Izvo zvakakosha kuti udzidze kusiyanisa macarbohydrates ane hutano kubva kune akaipa uye nekuzvichengeta zviri pakati nepakati.
Wholegrain wheat yakapfuma muprotein yemhando yepamusoro
Sezvakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa, puroteni yepamusoro-soro muzviyo zvegorosi iri mualeurone layer inoparadzanisa endosperm kubva kunze kweganda. Zvisinei, izvi zvinonyanya kuparadzaniswa panguva yekugadzirwa kweupfu. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei hupfu hwehupfu, huchiri nezvikamu zvose zvezviyo, kwete chete ine fiber yakawanda yezvokudya asiwo mapuroteni akawanda ehutano huri nani (chikamu chepamusoro cheamino acids inokosha) kupfuura hupfu hwakanatswa.
Nepo 100 g yeType 405 yehupfu yegorosi ine yakatenderedza 3,600 mg yeakakosha amino acids, huwandu hwakafanana hwehupfu hwegorosi hune 4,470 mg. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti hupfu hwakanatswa hauna chero bran, iyo ine mapuroteni anokosha. Zvisinei, sezvo bran ichionekwa seyakaoma kugaya, hazvizivikanwi kana chipenyu chinogona kubatsirwa nehuwandu hweprotein hurimo, izvo zvichida zvinoenderana nekunaka kweupfu. Nekuti kana bhinzi ikakuyiwa, zvinoita kuti igayiwe zviri nani.
Nhoroondo yekuberekesa gorosi
Kurimwa kwegorosi kwakatanga zviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura. Pakutanga, varimi vaingoparadzira zvirimwa zvine hunhu hunodiwa (kusarudza kana kusarudza kubereka). Kuberekesa mbeu kwakazoshandiswa, uko zvinomera zvinoyambutswa nemaune. Munguva ichangopfuura, zvakazogoneka kutarisa zvakananga mujenome uye kushandura genetically zvirimwa.
Zvinangwa zvekuberekesa gorosi zvinosanganisira kukohwa kuri nyore, kuwedzera kwegoho, kuwedzera kwekudzivirira (zvirwere, mamiriro ekunze), uyewo kuvandudzwa kwekugadzira uye kubika zvinhu. Kungava here kuti kusashivirira kwakawedzera maererano nokuberekeswa kwemarudzi egorosi emazuva ano?
Gorosi Remazuva Ano Rine Zvakawanda Gluten Here?
Mubvunzo unowanzobvunzwa kuti nei vanasekuru vakashivirira gorosi zvinoshamisa uye kusashivirira kwaimbove kwakasiyana, asi mazuva ano vanhu vakawanda vane matambudziko negorosi iyi. Izvi zvinowanzonzi zvakakonzerwa neiyo inonzi yakakwira-performance gorosi, iyo inonzi ine gluten yakawanda kupfuura marudzi ekare.
Muna 2020, vatsvakurudzi veTechnical University yeMunich vakaongorora mapuroteni emhando dzegorosi makumi matanhatu kubva pakati pe60 ne1891. Vakaona kuti marudzi emazuva ano anotova neprotein shoma shoma pane yekare. Iyo gluten yemukati yakaramba iripo mukati memakore zana nemakumi maviri apfuura. Kunyange zvazvo kuumbwa kwe gluten kwakachinja zvishoma, chikamu chegliadins, chinotaridzirwa zvakanyanya, chawa neanenge 2010 muzana. Saka hachisi chokwadi kuti marudzi ekare ane gluten shoma.
Zviri nyore kuziva kana gorosi repamusoro-soro rine mutoro wekunzwa kwegorosi. Iwe unongozviita pasina iyo kwechinguva uye panzvimbo pacho unodzokera pamhando dzekare dzegorosi senge einkorn, emmer, uye Kamut. Kana pasina zvimwe zviratidzo, unoziva zviri nani kudzivisa mune ramangwana.
Mamiriro ekunze anosarudza gluten yemukati mugorosi
Munguva yekuongorora kwavo, masayendisiti kubva kuTechnical University yeMunich achangobva kutaurwa akaita chimwe chiwanwa chinonakidza. Nekuti ivo vakawana kuti yakawanda gluten inoumbwa muzviyo zvegorosi mumakore ekunaya. Huwandu hwedambudziko regliadins, mhedzisiro yatakatokuzivisa iwe, inobva yawedzera kusvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana. Saka kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kungadai kwakakonzera kuti nei vanhu nhasi vachishivirira gorosi zvishoma kudarika kare.
Vatsvakurudzi vakashamisika kuti mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza ane simba guru pamapuroteni egorosi pane kuchinja kunokonzerwa nekubereka. Vakataura kuti kusashivirira kwegorosi hakugone kuteverwa kumashure emhando dzemazuva ano, asi kune mamiriro ekunze ane hukama akakwira gluten yemukati kana yakashandurwa gluten kuumbwa. Zvinogona zvakare kuve izvo zviri mukati kana kuumbwa kwezvimwe zvinongedzo zvachinja.
Kurimwa kwegorosi
Mushure mechibage nemupunga, gorosi ndiro rechitatu rinowanzorimwa zviyo pasi rose, nematani anopfuura mamiriyoni 700 pagore. China neIndia ndidzo dziri pakati pevarimi vakuru vegorosi. MuEurope, France ine 40 miriyoni matani uye Germany ine 23 miriyoni matani egorosi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha nyika inokura. Mukuenzanisa, goho regorosi regore muAustria rine mamiriyoni emamiriyoni e1.6, uye muSwitzerland 500,000 matani.
Kunyange zvazvo durum gorosi rinonyanya kurimwa munharaunda yeMediterranean, muCentral Europe rinenge gorosi rakapfava chete rinoita basa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze emhando yegorosi. Sezvo gorosi rinorimwa munyika dzinotaura chiGerman harina kukwana kuzadzisa zvinodiwa, rinotengwa kubva kunyika dzakadai seCzech Republic nePoland.
Ndezvipi zvakanakira kumera gorosi?
Kumera gorosi kunokupa hutano hwakanaka. Nokuti zvinovaka muviri zviri muzviyo hazvingochengetwi chete asi dzimwe nguva zvinotowedzera. Semuenzaniso, vhitamini E yemukati inowedzera katatu panguva yekumera.
Gorosi rinogonawo kugayiwa zviri nani kuburikidza nekumera, sezvo makabhohaidhiretsi akaomarara akaputsika zvishoma, izvo zvinowedzera kugaya. Chikamu chikuru cheprotein chinoputswa kuita zvivharo zvayo zvekuvaka (amino acids) panguva yekumera uye saka zvakare zvakareruka kugaya. Izvi zvinowanzoitika chete panguva yekugaya. Huwandu hwemahara hwakakosha amino acids mumbeu hunowedzera kusvika kashanu.
Hafu yehupfu hwakaongororwa hwaive nehuturu hwekuumbwa
Haisi mishonga yezvipembenene chete inogona kuvhara mhando yegorosi, sezvakaonekwa nemagazini yevatengi Ökotest muna 2020 painoongorora makumi mashanu ehupfu. Hupfu hwegorosi hwemhando 50, 405, uye 550 pamwe chete nefurawa yegorosi uye sipereti yemhando 1050, 630, uye hupfu hwakatsetseka hwakaongororwa. Zvaifadza kuti chidimbu chehupfu chakapihwa giredhi repamusoro. Nekudaro, chepfu yekuumbwa yakawanikwa mukati mehafu yehupfu hwegorosi hwakaedzwa.
Iyi ndiyo yaive yakanyanya toxin deoxynivalenol (DON), iyo inogadzirwa nefungus inonzi Fusarium. Miti yacho inenge yatozadzwa kare kukohwa kusati kwatanga, zvinhu zvinofadza zvinosanganisira kunaya kwemvura uye tembiricha yepamusoro panguva yekutumbuka kwegorosi. Mune madosi akakwira, DON inogona kukonzera kurutsa uye manyoka uye kuderedza immune system.
Muchidimbu, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti iyo DON yemukati mune yakawanda yehupfu uye zvigadzirwa zvegorosi zvakaongororwa, senge noodles, zviri pazasi pemuganho wakatarwa zviri pamutemo. Zvakangodaro, kugarotora kweDON kunogona kuisa hutano munjodzi. Vana ndivo vanonyanya kukanganiswa. Dambudziko nderekuti zvigadzirwa zvegorosi hazviratidzi kana zvine zvisaririra zvehuturu hweforoma uye kuti izvi hazviparadzwe panguva yekubika kana kubikwa.
Hupfu hwegorosi hune huturu hushoma
Hazvishamisi kuverenga kuti mold toxin DON inonyanya kuwanikwa muhupfu hwegorosi (uye humwe hupfu hwehupfu). Zvinonzi nekuti hapana kemikari-synthetic fungicides inogona kushandiswa mukurima organic. Asi zvakapesana ndizvo zvazviri! Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaratidza pachena kuti chikafu chizhinji cheorganic chine akaderera mazinga eDON. Paavhareji, ecological samples ine inosvika hafu yezvinoenderana netsika tsika.
Pane zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zveizvi. Semuyenzaniso, mukurima organic, mhando dzinoshingirira, gejo, kutenderedza mbesa kwakawanda, uye fetireza yenitrogen shoma ndiyo inoshandiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti iyo glyphosate ine gakava inogona zvakare kukonzera kuwedzera kweFusarium infestation uye nekudaro kune yakakwira muchetura muhupfu hunoenderana.
Ergot haisisiri kutyisidzira
Munguva yakapfuura, vanhu vakawanda vakafa kubva kune yakanyanya chepfu alkaloids inogadzirwa nerima-ruvara, 2 kusvika 5 cm kureba ergot fungus. Rye ndiyo inonyanya kubatwa nehutachiona, asi gorosi rinogonawo kukanganiswa.
Asi mazuvano hapana njodzi yemutengi sezvo gorosi nezviyo zvinowanzocheneswa. Kuyerera kwemhepo kunoshandiswa, uko mitumbi yekunze inopeperetswa kubva muzviyo. Ergot pamwe nemashanga netwupembenene zvinokwanisa kuparadzaniswa zvakanaka kubva pachirimwa chakakohwewa nemasefa ane graduated mesh size.
Nzira yekuziva hupfu hwegorosi hwepamusoro
Hupfu hwegorosi yepamusoro haigoni kuonekwa neziso chete. Mutengi haakwanise kuona kana ine mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene kana chepfu yekuumbwa. Saka zviri nani kusarudza hupfu hwegorosi kubva kune organic supermarket kuitira kuti udzivise masara anoenderana. Zvikasadaro, unogona kushandisa pfungwa dzako dzese kutaurira hupfu hwakaipa kubva kune hwakanaka:
- Chitarisiko: Hupfu hwemhando yepamusoro ndeyeyero-chena uye hune sheen yakati bvuu. Hupfu hwakaderera hune chalky-white uye hwakagomara. Zvinokonzera zvinosanganisira kureba uye/kana kuchengetwa kusina kururama. Carotenoids yakaparadzwa neasidhi.
- Kubata: Hupfu hwakakwana hupfu uye hunyoro hushoma, hunogona kunzwika nekuikwiza pakati peminwe yako. Hupfu hwakakanganiswa hune mbumbu, hwakakasharara, uye hunobata zvakanaka. Mvura yakawandisa yakawandisa (inopfuura 16 muzana) inogona kuve nemhosva yeizvi, izvo zvinogona kuverengerwa nekuchengetera zvisirizvo.
- Hwema: Hupfu hwakanaka hunonhuhwirira hunyoro, hunofadza, uye hwakachena. Hupfu husina kusimba hunonhuwirira, munya, uye kuvava. Zvikonzero zvacho zvinosanganisira mold nekuda kwekuchengetedza kwakanyanyisa kunyorova, kuparara kwemafuta munzvimbo inodziya zvakanyanya, kana kuumbwa kweasidhi nekuda kwekuchengetedza kwakarebesa uye kudziya.
- Kunhuhwirira: Hupfu hwakanaka hunonaka tart. Iko kutapira zvishoma kunongobuda pachena mushure mekutsenga kwenguva yakareba. Hupfu husina kunaka hunonaka nekukasika nekuti starch yakatotsemurwa nema enzyme kuita shuga.
Iyo yakakwana yekuchengetedza hupfu hwegorosi
Sezvo mutemo, iwe unofanirwa kutenga hupfu chete paunoda uye kwete kuvaka masheya. Zvakanakisisa kuchengeta upfu mubhegi repepa rawakatenga. Kana iwe uchida kuchengeta upfu kwenguva yakareba sezvinobvira, unogona kuisa mumudziyo usingadziviriri mhepo mushure mekutenga kubva mubhegi repepa. Nguva dzose chengetedza hupfu munzvimbo yakaoma uye ine rima. Kabati riri pamusoro pechitofu harikodzeri nekuti hupfu hunonzwa kana hutsi hunobikwa.
Kana yakachengetedzwa zvakanaka, hupfu hwegorosi hunogona kushandiswa mwedzi mishomanana mushure mekunge zuva rakanakisisa-risati rapera. Zvisinei, izvi hazvishandi kune hupfu hwehupfu. Nekuti iyi ine yakakwira mafuta emukati uye saka inova rancid nekukurumidza kupfuura hupfu.
Chaizvoizvo, iyo yakakura hupfu, iyo yakakura kurasikirwa kwevhithamini. Pamusoro pezvo, hunhu hwekubikira hunodzikira sezvo kushatiswa kwema enzymes anogara aripo kunofambira mberi. Kana iwe uchida kubika nehupfu hwehupfu mune ramangwana, saka zvakakosha kuwana hupfu hwehupfu, iyo iwe unogona kugara uchikuya zviyo zvitsva nguva isati yashandiswa.
