Noocyada Rooti Jarmalka iyo Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin

2014, dhaqanka rootiga Jarmalku waxa ay UNESCO u aqoonsatay dhaxal dhaqameed Jarmal ah oo aan la taaban karin sababtoo ah kala duwanaanshihiisa gaarka ah. Waxaan ku tusi doonaa noocyada rootiga Jarmalka ee ka tirsan dhaqanka rootiga iyo sida loo diyaariyo!

In ka badan 300 oo nooc oo rooti ah

Nooc Jarmal ah oo rooti ah ayaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo farsamooyinka farshaxanka dhaqameed waxayna ka kooban tahay maaddooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee dabiiciga ah. Kala duwanaanta noocyada ayaa ah natiijada maaddooyinka kala duwan, hababka wax soo saarka ee kala duwan, iyo isticmaalka hababka foornada ee kala duwan. Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo rooti ah oo lagu dubay heerkul iyo heerkul kala duwan. Isku soo wada duuboo waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo rooti ah oo deegaanka ah, tirada saxda ah ee aan la garanayn.

La'aanta tignoolajiyada casriga ah iyo internetka, ma jirin dulmar guud oo ku saabsan dhammaan tirooyinka noocyada rootiga Jarmalka. Diiwaanada aadka u kala firdhiyey waxay ogolaadeen wax ka badan qiyaasaha. Qiyaasta noocan oo kale ah waxaa fuliyay Machadka Federaalka ee Hadhuudhka, Baradhada iyo Cilmi-baarista Dufanka (hore u ahaa Machadka Max Rubner, Machadka Cilmi-baarista Federaalka ee Nafaqada iyo Cuntada) dhowr sano ka hor. Tani waxay keentay 300 oo nooc oo rooti Jarmal ah, tiradaas oo aan waligood la hubin laakiin inta badan maanta laga soo xigtay warbaahinta. Khubaradu waxay rabeen inay wax badan ogaadaan, "Diiwaanka Adduunka ee Rooti" ee 2005, in ka badan 1000 nooc oo rooti ah ayaa lagu diiwaangeliyay suurtogalnimada casriga casriga ah. Lama diiwaangelin inta ka mid ah kuwan ayaa dhab ahaantii ahaa rootiga farsamada gacanta, sababtoo ah waxaa jira dhibaato xagga tirinta noocyada rootiga.

Kala duwanaansho iyada oo loo marayo hababka wax soo saarka cusub

Tobannaankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, farshaxan dhaqameed badan ayaa lagu beddelay habab wax soo saar degdeg ah. Wax soo saarka dhaqanka, cajiinka rootiga waxaa lagu diyaariyaa waqti dheer iyo heerar kala duwan waxaana loo daayaa in la nasto ka hor inta aan la dubin, mararka qaarkoodna waqti aad u dheer. Waxaa jira kala duwanaansho badan oo ka mid ah noocyada badan ee rootiga (oo leh xawaashyo gaar ah sida caraway, rootiga fasaxa ee kalooriga sare, iwm.).

Haddii wax lagu daro functional la hubiyo in cajiinka rootiga isla markiiba la gelin karo foornada, ka dibna waxa macno in la dubayo kala duwanaansho aan dhammaadka lahayn: cajiinka waa la kala qaybin karaa oo qalabaysan maaddooyinka gaarka ah iyada oo aan faragelin ku bislaanshaha rootiga ama hababka kale ee shaqada, halkaas oo rootiga waa in keligiis laga tago. Cunto karinta si fudud ayaa wax looga beddeli karaa sababtoo ah natiijooyinka habka dubista degdega ah ma kobciyaan dhadhanka buuxa ee rootiga dhabta ah si kastaba ha ahaatee.

Taasi waa sababta mishmash midabo leh loo soo bandhigay maanta:

• Rooti jarmal ah oo duug ah
• Qaybo rooti iyo cajiin ah oo iska dhigaya in loo diyaariyey si waafaqsan shuruucda ganacsiga
• noocyo badan oo rooti cusub ah oo maalin kasta ka beddela qaar ka mid ah Rooti dubayaasha.

Diiwaanka rootiga ee kooxda wax dubaasha ayaa hadda taxaysa waxa loogu yeero "takhasusyada rootiga" bedelkii noocyada rootiga. Sababtoo ah waxay noqon lahayd xafiis-sharci in la kala saaro farsamada soo jireenka ah iyo xubnaha badan ee rootiga cusub. In ka badan 3200 oo takhasusyo rooti ah ayaa hadda la taxay, kuwaas oo ay galaan kuwa wax dubbaya. Qofna ma garanayo inta ka mid ah kuwani waa rooti Jarmal ah oo dhab ah, laakiin kuwa wax dubaasha farsamada ayaa mar kale kor u kacaya meel kasta.

Liiska rootiga Jarmalka

Mabaadi'da hagida Buugga Cunnada Jarmalka (DLMB), rootiga waxaa loo qaybiyaa 17 waaweyn, kooxo dhaqameed oo noocyo kala duwan ah iyadoo loo eegayo hadhuudhka la isticmaalo iyo habka wax soo saarka, sifooyinka qasabka ah iyo hantida kuwaas oo mid walba lagu sharraxay. Haddii aad ogtahay kooxda noocyada kala duwan ee nooca roodhida ah, waxaad garanaysaa maaddooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee noocaan ah. Waa kuwan 17ka kooxood ee noocyada kala duwan ee leh noocyada ugu caansan ee rootiga/hababka dubitaanka ee dhaqameed:

Rooti qamadi ah ama rooti cad

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin marka loo eego DLMB: Ugu yaraan 90% daqiiqda
Diyaarinta dhaqameed: kobcinta khamiirka wakiilka, noocyo badan oo diyaargarow ah laga bilaabo dubista daasadaha ilaa tidcidda waxay saameeyaan dhadhanka.

Kala soocida:

• Rooti cad oo Jarmal ah / sanduuqa rootiga cad
• Noocyada Jarmalka ee ciabatta Talyaaniga ama Provencal fougasse, labadaba saliid saytuun ah
• Noocyada Jarmalka ee rootiga fidsan ee dhaqamada kala duwan
• Rooti sabiib (Mares, Kloben, Klaben)
• ku dheji rooti cad

Rooti qamadi isku qasan

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin marka loo eego DLMB: In ka badan 50 iyo in ka yar 90% daqiiqda
Diyaarinta dhaqameed: oo leh qayb sare oo sarreen ah oo kaliya oo leh khamiir, burka galley badan, khamiir badan, iyo cajiinka. Waxa kale oo jira qaabab badan oo (noocyo kala duwan) oo rooti qamadi ah oo isku qasan sababtoo ah cajiinka leh qayb sare oo burka sarreenka ah guud ahaan way fududahay in la qaabeeyo oo la dhaliyo.

Kala soocida:

• Rooti dalka Faransiiska
• Badh iyo badh
• Rooti fiican oo Hamburger ah (oo leh caano subag leh)
• Rooti Kassel
• rooti qolof ah
• Mareegaha Munsterland
• Rose mares
• Rooti Swiss
• Rooti isku dhafan oo ay ku jiraan borotiinka sida rootiga lupine, rootiga borotiinka
• Rooti gaar ah sida rootiga baradhada Thuringian, rootiga bocorka, rootiga chestnut, rootiga caanaha subagga

Rye rootiga

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin marka loo eego DLMB: Ugu yaraan 90% bur galley ah
Diyaarin dhaqameed: cajiinka galley waxa kaliya oo lagu duban karaa in lagu daro aashitada, dhaqan ahaan aashitada waxaa lagu daraa oo kaliya cajiinka (biyo, bur, kulayl, iyo waqti). Cajiinka ayaa siinaya rootiga dhadhan macaan, xoogaa dhanaan ah wuxuuna ka dhigaa mid aad uga adkeysi badan rootiga sarreenka.

Kala soocida:

• beeralayda rootiga
• Rooti dalka Berlin
• Frankenloaf
• rootiga hadhuudhka malt
• qolof Spesart

Rooti galley isku qasan

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin marka loo eego DLMB: In ka badan 50 iyo in ka yar 90% bur galley ah
Diyaarinta dhaqameed: Halkan, dhadhanka dhadhanka leh ee rootiga galley ayaa la jilciyaa iyadoo lagu darayo burka sarreenka, oo leh qayb sare oo sarreen ah, khamiirka ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa. Roodhi galley ah iyo rooti galley ah oo isku qasan ayaa sida caadiga ah si siman loogu dubo caaryaal fudud ama si siman looga dalooliyo dusha sare. Kooxdan rootiga ah ee caanka ah, hadhaagii gobolka dheeraa ayaa la ilaaliyay: koonfurta Jarmalka, qaabab badan oo wareegsan ayaa la iibiyaa; woqooyiga kibis dheer oo dheeraad ah.

Kala soocida:

• Rootigii hore ee jarmalka
• Rooti Altmark
• Rooti guriga Bavarian
• dhabannada labajibbaaran
• Rooti Eifel
• rooti shaciir ah
• rootiga heather
• Wadamada Hesse
• rootiga dalka
• Rooti Malfa leh 10% bur malt oo shaciir ah
• rooti karooto
• Rooti beeraleyda Paderborn
• Rooti dalka Silesia

Noocyada kala duwan ee caadiga ah iyo kuwa cusub ee rootiga Jarmalka "oscillate" ee u dhexeeya rootiga sarreenka ah iyo rootiga galley isku qasan, ie waxaa lagu dubay noocyo kala duwan oo bur qamadi ah ama bur galley badan, egg:

• Rooti guriga Bavarian
• rootiga biirka
• Rooti la jarjaray (la jarjaray, khudaar duban, cunto soybean ah, miraha gabbaldayaha)
• Rooti lowska leh walnuts, hazelnuts, iyo lowska kale
• rooti saytuun ah
• Rooti Black Forest
• rootiga dalka Westerwald

Rootida qamadiga oo idil

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin marka loo eego DLMB: Ugu yaraan 90% galley iyo qamadi waxsoosaarka badarka oo dhan; Marka laga hadlayo "roodhida galleyda" ee saami kasta, marka la eego "roodhida galley sarreen ah" in ka badan boqolkiiba 50 wax soo saarka sarreenka, marka la eego "roodhida galley ee sarreenka ah" in ka badan boqolkiiba 50 iyaga oo ka mid ah waxyaabaha galleyda ah. Ugu yaraan saddex-meelood laba meel aashitada lagu daray waa inay ka timaaddaa cajiinka.
Diyaarin dhaqameed: rootiga rootiga laga sameeyay waxaa laga sameeyaa firiley la shiiday oo la miiray, biyo, khamiir, iyo/ama cajiin iyo milix. Mararka qaarkood xawaashka ayaa lagu daraa, waxaana jira noocyo badan oo kala duwan oo loo yaqaan qaabka, dhadhanka, iyo qaabka.

Kala soocida:

• rootiga shixnadda
• Rooti madow (mar walba maaha rootiga dhabta ah, rootiga madow ee laga sameeyay hadhuudh aan lahayn jeermis ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan tan)
• rootiga iniinta bocorka oo dhan

rootiga sarreenka laga sameeyo

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin marka loo eego DLMB: Ugu yaraan 90% wax soo saarka sarreenka oo dhan
Diyaarinta dhaqameed: eeg rootiga dufanka leh

Kala soocida:

• Roodhida Qamadiga ee Chia
• rootiga jeermiska sarreenka
• Rooti lowska laga sameeyey oo dhan
• Rooti cajiin ah oo sarreen ah

Rooti galley ah oo dhan

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin marka loo eego DLMB: Ugu yaraan 90% alaabada galleyda oo dhan, iyo ugu yaraan saddex-meelood laba meel aashitada lagu daray waa inay ka timaadaa cajiinka
Diyaarinta dhaqameed: eeg rootiga dufanka leh

Kala soocida:

• sawirqaade
• Rooti madow dib u soo celi
• rootiga casiirka galley

Rootiga sarreenka ah ama rootiga sarreenka ah oo leh miro kale

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin marka loo eego DLMB: Ugu yaraan 20% badeecooyinka badarka oo dhan ee "nooca kale ee hadhuudhka", wadar ahaan ugu yaraan 90% badeecooyinka badarka oo dhan, iyo ugu yaraan saddex-meelood laba meelood tirada aashitada lagu daray ee cajiinka.
Diyaarinta dhaqameed: sida rootiga rootiga oo dhan

Kala soocida:

• Rooti Boorash oo dhan ah
• Roodhi shaciir ah oo dhan

Rooti dhan

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin marka loo eego DLMB: Ugu yaraan 90% galley iyo korriin sarreen ah; Marka laga hadlayo "roodhida sarreenka" ee saami kasta, xaaladda "rooti galley sarreen ah" in ka badan 50% sarreen daadi, iyo kiiska "roodhida sarreenka galley ee koray" in ka badan 50% galley la shiiday.
Diyaarin dhaqameed: Koofiyada la dubay waa hadhuudh la jarjaray oo geedo laga soo saaray ka hor inta aan la shiidi. Waxaa muhiim ah halkan in roodhida cusub la farsameeyo oo cajiinka uu shaqeeyo dubista muddo dheer oo xoog leh si dhammaan qaybaha diirka ay si fiican u barari karaan. Rootiga oo dhan waxa loo dubay sidii roodhida qolka uumiga, tusaale ahaan waxaa lagu calaacaliyaa foornooyin si adag loo xidhi karo oo lagu dubay saacado heerkulka ugu badnaan ee 100 darajo. Sidan ma yeeshaan qolof oo waxay haystaan ​​inta badan fiitamiinnada kulaylka u nugul.

Kala soocida:

• Sanduuqa rootiga leh qolof qallafsan, bunni dhexdhexaad ah oo leh cajiin
• Rooti dhan oo higaad leh

Rootida qamadiga oo idil

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin marka loo eego DLMB: Ugu yaraan 90% daqiiqda
Diyaarinta dhaqameed: eeg rootiga dufanka leh

Kala soocida:

• Rooti Graham (roodhida sanduuqa laga sameeyay burka qamadiga oo aan lagu darin milix, khamiir, cajiin, borotiin badan + ama aashito yar)
• Rooti dhan oo sarreen ah oo leh cajiin

Rye rooti rooti ah

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin marka loo eego DLMB: Ugu yaraan 90% cunto galley ah
Diyaarinta dhaqameed: Bararka cajiinka waa in la dhiirigeliyaa xitaa in ka badan marka loo eego rootiga kale ee caanaha. Sida cuntadu u adag tahay, waa in ay dheeraato cajiinka si uu u bararo rootiga si uu u yeesho jajab isku dhafan iyo dhadhanka adag ee caadiga ah.

Kala soocida:

• Rooti ka samaysan Brandenburg
• Rooti madow ee Hamburger
• rootiga Oldenburg

Pumpernickel

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin + diyaarinta marka loo eego DLMB: Ugu yaraan 90% cunto galley ah iyo/ama cunto galley ah, wakhtiga ugu yar ee dubista 16 saacadood, marka la samaynayo cuntada dhan, ugu yaraan saddex-meelood laba meel aashitada lagu daray waa inay ka timaadaa cajiinka.
Diyaarinta dhaqameed: rootiga qolka uumiga, arag rootiga sarreenka ah

Kala soocida:

• Westphalian Pumpernickel (Juqraafi ahaan waa la ilaaliyaa)

Rooti rooti ah

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin sida ku cad DLMB:

• Rooti-Rooti: Ugu yaraan 90% daqiiqda
• Rootiga sarreenka ah: Ugu yaraan 90% alaabada sarreenka oo dhan, iyo ugu yaraan saddex-meelood labo meel kasta oo aashito ah oo lagu daray waa inay ka timaadaa cajiinka
• Roodhida Qamadiga Isku Dhafan: In ka badan 50% iyo in ka yar 90% daqiiqda
• Toast Rye Mixed: In ka badan 50% iyo in ka yar 90% bur galley ah
• Rootiga rootiga oo dhan: Ugu yaraan 90% oo dhan oo sarreen/galley ah qayb kasta, aashitada lagu daray waa in ay ahaataa ugu yaraan saddex-meelood laba meelood cajiinka

Diyaarinta Dhaqanka: Rootiga rootiga waxaa lagu dubay digsi rooti leh oo leh dahaar wanaagsan si qoloftu u jilicsanaato.

Kala soocida:

• rooti subagga
• rooti higaadiyay
• Rootiga hadhuudhka ah (roodhida rootiga badan)
• rooti sabiib ah
• Toast Hot Dog

Rooti qallalan

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin + diyaarinta iyadoo loo eegayo DLMB:

Roodhida roodhida ah: Waxa ku jiri kara cunto wada jir ah, bur wadareed, bur galley, qamadi, miro kale + isku darka badarka, iyo cuntooyin kale. Roodhida fidsan ee la qalajiyey waa in lagu khamiiriyaa khamiir, halsano khamiir ah, iyo hawo-siin hab jidheed ama habab kale, ee ma aha dix-bax kulul (habka riixida mishiinka). Roodhida la kariyey ee la dhammeeyey waa in ay ka kooban tahay ugu badnaan 10% qoyaan.
Rootiyada fidsan ee kale ee qallalan: Waa in ay buuxiyaan shuruudaha roodhida qallalan laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu sameeyo extrusion kulul.

Kala soocida:

• Aad bay u badan yihiin labada qayboodba sababtoo ah waxyaabaha lagu daro si fudud ayaa loo soo gelin karaa oo si fiican loo ilaalin karaa sababtoo ah qoyaanka hooseeya, tusaale ahaan, sisinta, mjölk, galley, qallafsanaan dheeraad ah, hadhuudh dhan, chia, iyo higgaad, waxyaallaha kale ee dhadhanka sida yaanyada iyo mozzarella, farmaajo iyo iniin bocorka, yaanyo, iyo basil.

Rooti badan oo hadhuudh ah, rooti saddex-galmood ah, rooti afar-xabo ah, iwm.

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin marka loo eego DLMB: Ugu yaraan hal nooc oo hadhuudh rooti ah, ugu yaraan hal nooc oo hadhuudh ah, iyo wadar ahaan saddex ama in ka badan oo nooc oo hadhuudh ah, mid walbana ka kooban yahay ugu yaraan 5%. No. 15 waxay khusaysaa si waafaqsan rootiga miraha badan iyo rootiga karsan ee miraha badan.
Diyaarinta dhaqameed: Iyadoo ku xiran nooca ugu badan ee hadhuudhka, noocyada kala duwan waxay ka dhashaan magacaabista kooxeed ee kala duwan.

Rooti boorash, rooti bariis, rooti galley, rooti masago, rooti qamadi, rooti shaciir ah

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin marka loo eego DLMB: Ugu yaraan 20% mid kasta oo ka mid ah noocyada badarka kale ("kale" macnaheedu waa boorash iyo co. marka la barbardhigo sarreenka rootiga, higaada iyo galley)
Diyaarinta dhaqameedku waxay ku xiran tahay noocyada kala duwan: rootiga rootiga waxaa lagu dubay qamadi lagu daray, asal ahaan Waqooyiga Jarmalka rootiga buckwheat waxaa laga dubay galley, qamadi, iyo cajiinka, laakiin marar dhif ah ayaa maanta la iibiyaa (buckwheat ka badan cuntooyinka aan lahayn gluten-free waxaa laga sameeyaa istaarijka galleyda. , xanjo xabag, khamiir galley ah oo aan lahayn gluten-free, baruur, sonkor, khamiir iyo bur buckwheat yar oo wareeg ah).

Rooti la higaadiyay, rootiga triticale

Waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin marka loo eego DLMB: Ugu yaraan 90% badeecooyinka higgaadiyay/ triticale
Diyaarin dhaqameed: Diyaarin dhaqameedkii asalka ahaa ee rootiga higgaadda ayaa la ilaaway muddo aad u dheer taas oo maanta qof kasta oo rooti ah uu dubto rooti shinni ah. Waqti ka waqti tani waa rooti si heersare ah loo higgaadiyay, laakiin inta badan sidoo kale waxaa la isku qasaa rootiga higaada ama rootiga sarreenka ah ee isku qasan iyo higgaad. Ma jiro diyaargarow dhaqameed oo loogu talagalay rootiga triticale sababtoo ah triticale waa isku-dar cusub oo sarreen iyo galley ah. Sababtoo ah guryaha dubista waxay caddeeyeen inay yihiin kuwo aan fiicneyn, si dhib leh triticale saafi ah ayaa la dubay, laakiin rootiga qasacadaysan ama rootiga galley leh triticale.

Tilmaamuhu waxay qeexayaan qaar ka mid ah macluumaadka dheeraadka ah ee laga yaabo inay kabi karaan (aan bedelin) (iibka) qeexitaanka hadda la sharraxay oo qeexaya guryaha qaarkood:

• Roodhida foornada dhagaxa ah: la riixo ama la riixo (= taabo foornada) kaliya lagu dubay saxaarada dubista ee ka samaysan dhagax dabiici ah iyo/ama dhagax macmal ah, dab-shidaal, ama qalab kale oo aan bir ahayn.
• Roodhida alwaax laga shido: la riixo ama lagu riixo foornooyinka tooska loo shido, qolka dubista oo ka samaysan dhagax/wax u eg dhagax, alwaax dabiici ah sida shidaal
• Rooti barley, rooti shaciir ah: Qaybo cajiinka ah ayaa ku shidan dab furan oo u socda xadhkaha sifaha (= shaciir)
• Rootiga Ham: Rooti galley ah/roodhida galley la shiiday (aan lahayn), qaab wareeg ah, la riixay/ lagu dubay daasad, gaar ahaan dhadhan macaan iyo caraf udgoon

Walxaha dheeraadka ah

Marka loo eego mabaadi'da Buugga Cunnada Jarmalka, rootiga Jarmalku wuxuu ka kooban yahay wax ka yar 10% dufan iyo / ama noocyo sonkor ah ilaa 90% hadhuudh iyo/ama badeecooyin, tani waxay khusaysaa dhammaan noocyada rootiga Jarmalka.

Marka lagu daro rootiga badarka saafiga ah, qaybo badan oo roodhi ah oo gaar ah oo leh maaddooyin kale ayaa kor lagu sheegay. Wixii "waxyaabaha qiimeeya qiimaha"

• subagga
• caanaha
• borotiinka caanaha
• buttermilk
• yogurt
• kefir
• myse
• Quark
• jeermiga qamadiga
• linseed
• sisinta
• miraha gabbaldayaha
• nuts
• Poppy
• miraha kale ee saliidda
• Sabiib/suldaanno
• currant
• la cuni karo
• waxay xooga saaraan fiber
• gritts

Xeerarka ayaa qeexaya tirada ugu yar haddii nooca rootiga iyaga loogu magac daray. Haddii maaddooyinka kale ee dhadhanka ay siiyaan nooc ka mid ah roodhida/roodhida gaarka ah dabeecaddeeda gaarka ah, waa in ay ku filan yihiin roodhida si ay sifooyinka gaarka ahi u muuqdaan "dareen cad" ama si ay u yeeshaan qiime nafaqo-jiisiyeed.

Dhacdo ahaan, raadinta yaryar, roodhida farsamada gacanta ayaa ku habboon dhowr arrimood: rootiga sarreenka dhabta ah waxaa laga yaabaa inuu helo (casserole rooti, ​​bur bur), rootiga galley dhabta ah wax yar oo adag, laakiin midkoodna ma xumaan doono haddii si sax ah loo kaydiyo.