Dave Parker
[lwptoc]
Desalination ke mokhoa oa ho ntša letsoai ka metsing a letsoai hore le noe le ho sebelisoa mobung. Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli e meholo: U ka belisa metsi, ebe u tšoara mouoane, u siea letsoai ka morao. Kapa u ka phatlola metsi ka lisefe tse tšoarang letsoai empa metsi ao a tsoe.
U fetola metsi a letsoai joang hore e be metsi a nooang?
Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea mantlha ea ho khaola maqhama ka metsing a letsoai: thermal distillation le karohano ea membrane. Thermal distillation e kenyelletsa mocheso: Metsi a belang a a fetola mouoane - o siea letsoai morao - le bokelloang ebe le khutlela metsing ka ho le pholisa.
Ho nka nako e kae ho etsa hore metsi a letsoai a noe?
Ho ea ka Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO), mocheso oa metsi oa 158 ° F (70 ° C) o tla bolaea 99.999% ea libaktheria, likokoana-hloko, protozoa le likokoana-hloko ka nako e ka tlaase ho motsotso o le mong.
A na u ka sefa metsi a letsoai hore a noe?
Desalination ke mokhoa oa ho ntša letsoai metsing a leoatle, ho etsa hore le noe. Sena se etsoa ka ho belisa metsi le ho bokella mouoane (mocheso) kapa ka ho o sutumetsa ka li-filters tse khethehileng (membrane).
Na ho na le mokhoa oa ho hloekisa metsi a leoatle?
Kajeno, limela tsa ho ntša letsoai li sebelisoa ho fetola metsi a leoatle hore e be metsi a nooang likepeng le libakeng tse ngata tse omeletseng tsa lefatše, le ho hloekisa metsi libakeng tse ling tse silafalitsoeng ke litšila tsa tlhaho le tseo e seng tsa tlhaho.
Na metsi a leoatle a ka nooa?
Hoa bonahala hore re ka khona mme ts'ebetso ena e bitsoa desalination. Ho tlosa letsoai ke mokhoa o tlosang liminerale tse qhibilihisitsoeng (ho kenyeletsoa empa ho sa felle ka letsoai) metsing a leoatle, metsi a letsoai, kapa metsi a litšila a hloekisitsoeng.
Hobaneng ha California e sa khone ho aha limela tsa ho tlosa letsoai?
Ka mor'a nyeoe e nkileng lihora tse ngata, litho tsa sehlopha sa 'muso o lebopong la leoatle ka Labone li hanne ka ntsoe-leng setsi se reriloeng sa ho tlosa letsoai California Boroa ka taba ea hore setsi sena se ka bolaea liphoofolo tsa metsing le ho nyolla litšenyehelo tsa metsi.
Hobaneng re sa khone ho sebelisa metsi a leoatle ho noa?
Haeba u noa metsi a leoatle, letsoai le ne le tla kenella maling a hao hammoho le metsi. Seo se ka etsa hore mali a hao a be letsoai haholo. Kahoo, liphio tsa hau li tla tlameha ho tlosa letsoai. Empa ho etsa joalo ba ne ba tla hloka ho sebelisa metsi a mangata le ho feta!
U tlosa letsoai metsing u sa belise?
Tšela metsi a letsoai ka pane e sa tebang. Ha metsi a fetoha mouoane, letsoai le tla sala morao. O ka potlakisa ts'ebetso ka ho phahamisa mocheso kapa ka ho butsoela moea o omileng holim'a metsi.
U hloekisa letsoai la leoatle joang?
Margueritte o fana ka tlhahiso ea ho e hloekisa e kenyelletsa feela ho kopanya letsoai le tala, le ho le boloka ka nako e itseng le le boemong bo khutsitseng, ho e senya ka har'a hlobo e chesang, kapa ho e tlohela butle-butle; ka mokhoa ona lits'ila tsohle li arohanngoa le bongata ka fusion, 'me li felisoa ke crystallization ka mokhoa o omileng, o lumellanang le crystallization ka mokhoa oa metsi.
U etsa metsi a letsoai joang ka bouena?
Ho tlosa letsoai ka metsi, tšela metsi a letsoai ka sekotlolo se seholo sa khalase se nang le nkho ea kofi bohareng. Koahela sekotlolo ka sekoahelo sa polasetiki, ho etsa bonnete ba hore se tiisitsoe ka thata, 'me u behe boima bo fokolang kapa lejoe holim'a polasetiki ka holim'a lebekere la khalase.
A na ho na le sefe bakeng sa metsi a letsoai?
Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa desalination ke ho tlosa letsoai le liminerale metsing a fepa. Sena se ka etsoa ka distillation empa litšenyehelo tsa matla li ngata haholo. Theknoloji e ntle ka ho fetisisa e fumanehang ke filtration ea reverse osmosis (RO).
U ka phela nako e kae ha u noa metsi a leoatle?
Motho a ka phela libeke leha a se na lijo, empa ho nka matsatsi a mararo feela ho khangoa ho isa lefung ntle le metsi kapa metsi a nooang a hloekileng, ho bua ka ho toba.
Hobaneng ha desalination e le mpe tikolohong?
Ho senola letsoai ho na le monyetla oa ho eketsa ts'ebeliso ea mafura, ho eketsa khase e futhumatsang lefatše le ho mpefatsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo haeba mehloli ea matla a macha e sa sebelisoe tlhahiso ea metsi a hloekileng. Ho noa metsi ka holim'a metsi ke tšokelo e kholo bophelong ba leoatleng.
U hlatsoa metsi a leoatle joang?
Ho etsahalang ha o pheha metsi a leoatle?
Ho belisoa ha metsi a leoatle ha ho etse hore a noe ho bolokehile hobane ha a tlose letsoai. Ka kakaretso, metsi a leoatle a na le letsoai la 3.5%, le leng le lengata haholo hore 'mele o se ke oa sebetsa. Ha metsi a leoatle a ntse a bela, aa fetoha mouoane, ebe letsoai le sala morao. U etsa hore metsi a leoatle a be letsoai ka ho belisa.
Na metsi a letsoai a ka hloekisoa hore a noe?
Ho na le litsela tse 'maloa tsa ho arola metsi le letsoai ka lisebelisoa tsa motheo,' me e 'ngoe e kenyelletsa ho belisa metsi. Leha ho le joalo, u ke ke ua belisa metsi a leoatle feela, u tlameha ho a belisa le ho bokella mouoane - ka mantsoe a mang, u a hloekise. Beha tumbler bohareng ba pan.
Hobaneng ha California e sa sebelise metsi a leoatle ho chesa mollo?
Metsi a leoatle a ka sebelisoa ho tima mollo California. Ka bomalimabe matsoai a ka metsing a ka baka tšenyo ea tikoloho mobung.
A na u ka noa metsi a leoatle ka LifeStraw?
Hobane metsi a matamo a ka ba le letsoai le lik'hemik'hale tse ngata ho feta chlorine, ha re khothaletse ho sefa metsi a letamo ka LifeStraw ea hau. Lihlahisoa tsa LifeStraw le tsona ha li sebetse metsing a letsoai kapa a letsoai.
A na ho na le mochini o fetolang metsi a letsoai hore e be metsi a hloekileng?
Theknoloji e 'ngoe e etselitsoeng ho thusa ho hlahisa metsi a mangata a hloekileng ke limela tse tlosa letsoai. Ho tlosa letsoai metsing a leoatle ke mokhoa oa ho ntša letsoai metsing a leoatle ho hlahisa metsi a hloekileng a ka sebelisoang ho ea pele le ho sebelisoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng. Setsi sa ho ntša letsoai se fetola hoo e ka bang halofo ea metsi ao se a amohelang hore e be metsi a nooang.
Hobaneng ha letsoai le le theko e boima hakaale?
Ho ntša letsoai ho hloka matla a mangata, ao hona joale libakeng tse ling a fanoang ka libeso.
Dubai e fumana metsi joang?
Toropo e itšetlehile haholo ka metsi a leoatle a hloekisitsoeng letsoai bakeng sa phepelo ea metsi. Ho na le limela tse peli tse bohareng tsa desalination Dubai - e 'ngoe e Jebel Ali le e' ngoe e Al Kaffah. Limela tsena tse peli li etsa karolo ea 80 lekholong ea metsi a hlokahalang motseng oo.
Mekhoa e 2 ea mantlha ea ho tlosa letsoai ke life?
Kajeno ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea theknoloji ea desalination - membrane (RO) le thermal (MED, MVC le MSF) desalination. Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination e sebelisa molao-motheo oa osmosis ho tlosa letsoai le litšila tse ling, ka ho fetisa metsi ka letoto la li-membrane tse semi-permeable.
A na u ka sefa metsi a leoatle ka hempe ea hau?
Ho sebelisa lesela e le sefe ho ka etsahala hore ho se tlose letsoai lohle metsing a leoatle, empa ka sebele ho ka fokotsa maemo a letsoai hore a be maemong a seng kotsi haholo. Ho ea ka United States Geological Survey, metsi a hloekileng hangata a na le letsoai la likarolo tse 1,000 ho milione (ppm).
A na u ka noa metsi a leoatle nakong ea tšohanyetso?
Litokomane tsa hona joale tse kang US Army Survival Manual FM 3-05.70 (FM 21-76) li eletsa ka ho hlaka hore u se ke ua noa metsi a leoatle kapa moroto ha sekepe se soahlamana. Leha ho le joalo, e tiisa mehopolo e meng e sebelisitsoeng ke Bombard, joalo ka ho fokotsa lijo ho ba tsa bohlokoa, kaha tšilo ea lijo e ja metsi a tsoang 'meleng.
A na u ka belisa letsoai ka metsi a letsoai?
U ka belisa kapa ua etsa mouoane metsi 'me letsoai le tla sala morao e le ntho e tiileng. Haeba u batla ho bokella metsi, u ka sebelisa distillation. Tsela e 'ngoe ea ho etsa sena lapeng e ka ba ho belisa metsi a letsoai ka pitsa e nang le sekwahelo.
Na re tla felloa ke metsi?
Kahoo ho ka ’na ha bonahala eka polanete ea rōna e ka ’na ea felloa ke metsi ka letsatsi le leng. Ka lehlohonolo, ha ho joalo. Lefatše le na le metsi a mangata maoatleng a lona, matšeng, linōkeng, sepakapaka, 'me u lumele kapa che, mafikeng a ka hare ho Lefatše.
Ke toropo efe ea Amerika e nang le setsi sa ho ntša letsoai?
Morero oa Carlsbad desalination Seterekeng sa San Diego, California US, ke setsi se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa ho ntša letsoai karolong e ka bophirimela ea hemisphere. Morero ona oa $922m ke polante ea pele e kholo ea ho ntša letsoai Lebopong la Bophirimela, e tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete ka lekunutu le ho ntlafatsoa ke Poseidon Resources Corporation (Poseidon).
Ke mang ea sebelisang 80% ea metsi California?
Leha ho le joalo, ha ho nahanoa hore temo e nka karolo ea 80 lekholong ea metsi ohle a sebelisoang California, esita le lintlafatso tse nyane tsa tšebeliso ea metsi a temo li ka ba bohlokoa.
Hobaneng ha US e sa hahe limela tsa desalination?
Ke khale litsebi tsa tikoloho li re ho ntša letsoai ho lematsa bophelo ba maoatle, ho bitsa chelete e ngata haholo le matla, 'me semela se tla tloha se felloa ke nako ka ho sebelisa metsi hape. Leha likhetho li ne li ntsoe-leng, ha setho se le seng se ile sa hana, likomishinara li itse li tla ikemisetsa ho tšehetsa merero e meng ea ho tlosa letsoai letsoai.
Na metsi a pula a bolokehile hore a ka nooa?
Likokoana-hloko le lintho tse ling tse silafatsang li fumanoa metsing a pula. Le hoja a le molemo linthong tse ngata, metsi a pula ha a hloekile joalokaha u ka nahana, kahoo u ke ke ua nka hore a bolokehile ho noa.
Ho etsahala'ng haeba u noa metsi a letsoai letsatsi le leng le le leng?
'Mele oa hau o leka ho ntša metsi a mangata ka ho etsa hore o ntše metsi, o sutumelletsa liphio tsa hau ho feta tekano. Hobane u tlameha ho ntša metsi a mangata ho feta ao u a jang ho tlosa letsoai le eketsehileng, u ka 'na ua ntša metsi kapele. Maemong a boima, phello ena e ka bolaea.
A na u ka noa metsi a letsoai lapeng?
Metsi a letsoai, haholo-holo a leoatle, a na le letsoai le lengata 'me ha a bolokehe ho nooa. Batho ba ile ba iphetola ho noa metsi a hloekileng, 'me ho noa metsi a leoatle ho ka lebisa ho fokotseng metsi. Ho noa metsi a letsoai ho tla etsa hore u nyoriloe 'me ho ka baka tšenyo e tebileng' meleng oa hau.
Ke eng e thibelang metsi a letsoai?
McNair le Mark Greene, mopresidente oa Griot's Garage, ba khothalletsa ho sebelisa soda le ho e baka e qhibilihisitsoeng ka metsing ho fokotsa letsoai.
Metsi a letsoai a molemo bakeng sa eng?
Tšebeliso e ka sehloohong ke ho pholisa semela sa thermoelectric power-plant. Hoo e ka bang karolo ea 5 lekholong ea metsi a sebelisoang indastering ke a letsoai, ’me hoo e ka bang karolo ea 53 lekholong ea metsi ’ohle a sebelisoang ho rafa ke letsoai. Metsi a letsoai a ka ntšoa letsoai hore a sebelisoe joalo ka metsi a nooang ka ho a kenya tšebetsong ea ho ntša letsoai.
Letsoai le le kae ka galone ea metsi a leoatle?
Ho ne ho lokile lipalo tse nyane. Metsi a leoatle a na le letsoai le etsang karolo ea 3.5 lekholong ka boima ba 'mele, e leng se bolelang hore lilithara ea metsi (lik'hilograma tse robeli) e lokela ho ntša li-ounces tse ka bang 4.5 tsa letsoai.
Mekhoa e meng ea ho tlosa letsoai ke efe?
Mekhoa e meng ea ho ntša letsoai metsing e sebelisang li-MOF e kenyelletsa membrane distillation, capacitive deionization, forward osmosis, le photocatalytic purification.
U hloekisa metsi joang ntle le ho a belisa?
Sebolaea likokoana-hloko. Haeba ha u na metsi a sireletsehileng a libotlolong ’me ha ho belisoa ho sa khonehe, u ka etsa hore metsi a manyenyane a sireletsehe ho feta ho a noa ka ho sebelisa moriana o bolaeang likokoana-hloko oa lik’hemik’hale, o kang matlapa a sa nkhang hamonate a chlorine bleach, iodine kapa chlorine dioxide.
