Crystal Nelson
Isifo sokungunda esiyingozi sisongela amasimi ebhanana kwihlabathi jikelele. Isifo sebhanana i-TR4 sibetha iindidi ezibalelwa kwi-99 yeepesenti yazo zonke iibhanana ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.
Isifo sokungunda esibizwa ngokuba yiTropical Race (TR4) sisongela iindidi zebhanana zaseCavendish. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho nto yokunyanga.
Ngoku amakhowa sele efikile naseCosta Rica. Ilizwe libhengeze imeko yongxamiseko ye-phytosanitary.
Umngundo awunabungozi ebantwini, kodwa uyabulala kwisityalo sebhanana.
Emva kwee-apula, ibhanana sisiqhamo esithandwa kakhulu eJamani: ngamnye wethu udla umyinge weekhilogram ezilishumi elinesibini zeziqhamo eziphuzi minyaka yonke. Ngoku ibhanana isengozini enkulu: i-fungus isasazeke iminyaka emininzi, ekungekho ngoku i-antidote. Ngoku isifo sokungunda esinamandla seTropical Race 4 (TR4) siye safikelela kwilizwekazi apho phantse zonke iibhanana kwiivenkile zethu ezinkulu zivela: eLatin America.
Ukungunda okuyingozi: Ibhanana isengozini
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isifo sebhanana senzeke kakhulu e-Asia nase-Afrika, apho siye satshabalalisa amasimi onke. Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu ziye zafumana i-TR4 eMzantsi Melika. Bayibhaqe le pathogen kumasimi akumntla-mpuma weColombia, naseCosta Rica kweli hlobo. Ukusasazeka kubi kakhulu kuba uMzantsi Melika ngowona mmandla ubalulekileyo wokukhulisa iibhanana kwimarike yaseYurophu.
Ngaba kungekudala azisayi kubakho iibhanana?
"I-TR4 ngokuyinhloko ichaphazela iindidi zebhanana zeCavendish," kuchaza i-German Fruit Trade Association. "Kuya koyikwa ukuba kwikamva elibonakalayo akusayi kuphinda kubekho naziphi na iibhanana zeCavendish ekhoyo kwimarike yaseJamani."
Yiloo nto eyenza ukuba ibhanana ibe buthathaka
Isifo sebhanana siyingozi kakhulu kuba akukho nto ingenye yebhanana yaseCavendish: Ilinywa kwi-monocultures kwaye iyona nto ibalulekileyo yokuthumela ngaphandle kwebhanana emhlabeni wonke, eJamani inesabelo semarike ngaphezu kweepesenti ze-90.
Ukongeza, iibhanana ezilinywayo zifana ngokwemfuza, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zichaphazeleke ngakumbi zizifo. Iibhanana zeCavendish nazo azivelisi mbewu kuba imbewu yebhanana inkulu kwaye iqinile kwaye ayimnandi kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto iibhanana zaye zakhuliswa, ezingasasazi ngembewu, kodwa zifumaneka kwizithole. Isityalo ngasinye esincinci siyinxalenye yesityalo esidala. Oku kuzenza zibe nomtsalane kulimo olukhulu – kwelinye icala, izityalo eziphantse zifane zichaphazeleke kakhulu zizifo.
Isifo sebhanana esiyingozi TR4
I-sac fungus yohlobo lwe-Fusarium yosulela isityalo sebhanana kwiingcambu kwaye ngokucothayo kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo sibangela ukuba sife. Iindawo ezichaphazelekileyo kufuneka zicocwe kwaye azinakuphinda zisetyenziselwe ukulinywa kwebhanana kuba umngundo unamandla okuphila emhlabeni iminyaka.
Ingagcinwa njani ibhanana?
Akukho kubulala umngundo okusebenzayo, kwaye akukho ndlela yimbi yokumelana nebhanana elungele ukukhuliswa kwisikali esikhulu. Iingcali zenzululwazi zisebenza ngokukhawuleza ukufumana ukuchasana kwiibhanana zasendle kwaye zidlulisele kwibhanana yaseCavendish. Nangona kunjalo, ukuwela ibhanana yaseCavendish kunye neentlobo zebhanana zasendle akukho lula, kuba iibhanana ezilinywayo azivelisi ngembewu. Abaphandi basebenza ngoku kubuchule bobunjineli bemfuza ukuzala iibhanana ezikwaziyo ukumelana nezifo zokungunda kunye nentsholongwane.
Emva kokufumana i-TR4 pathogen, iColombia yabhengeza imeko kaxakeka yelizwe kwaye yanikezela nge-18 lezigidi zeedola ukulwa nayo. Urhulumente kunye nabanini bamasimi ngoku benza konke abanako ukunqanda ukusasazeka kwesi sifo. ICosta Rica ikwabhengeze imeko yonxunguphalo lwe-phytosanitary.
Iibhanana ze-Organic ngokuqhelekileyo zihlala zikhethwa kakhulu - kodwa ngokubhekiselele kwi-TR4, ukufikelela kwimpahla yezinto eziphilayo akuncedi, i-fungus ichaphazela iziqhamo ze-organic njengoko ziqhelekileyo.
Esi sifo asinabungozi ebantwini
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukabikho zimpawu zobhubhani webhanana kwiivenkile zethu ezinkulu. Abathandi bebhanana kweli lizwe akufanele boyike i-TR4, isifo sefungal asinabungozi ngokupheleleyo kubantu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amasimi ebhanana aseMzantsi Melika atshatyalaliswa ngokuthe ngcembe, oku kuya kukhokelela ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso ebhanana kweli lizwe.
Okubi kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, kukuba amazwe athumela ngaphandle alahlekelwa ngumvuzo obalulekileyo wokurhweba ngeziqhamo ezithandwayo kwihlabathi, kwaye ukutya okusisiseko okubalulekileyo kubemi kusenokungabi safumaneka kungekudala.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kusisongelo esongezelelweyo kwiibhanana
Ayisiyiyo kuphela ifungus esongela ikamva lebhanana. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunokuchaphazela isivuno sebhanana kwixesha elizayo, abaphandi balumkisa kwiphephancwadi Utshintsho lweMozulu yeNdalo. Ukusukela ngo-2050, kunokubakho ilahleko enkulu yezityalo, ngakumbi eIndiya, eBrazil naseColombia.
