John Myers
Nokuba i-chanterelle, i-porcini, ikhowa, okanye i-oyster mushroom - amakhowa ethu asekhaya atyiwayo anezinto ezimbini ezifanayo: Anencasa emnandi kwaye asempilweni kakhulu!
Amakhowa aphilileyo atyiwayo aneempawu zonyango
Amakhowa atyiwayo asoloko ejongelwa phantsi kwaye kaninzi atyiwa ngamaqondo amancinane. Akukho mntu waziyo ukuba amakhowa, i-shiitake, kunye namakhowa e-oyster aneempawu zokuphilisa ezinomdla. Nangona kukho amakhowa amayeza akhethekileyo, amaninzi awo avela e-Asia kwaye athathwa njengezongezelelo zokutya okanye amayeza, umz. B. i-mushroom yeCordyceps, eyenza ube namandla kwaye usebenze kakuhle okanye i-mushroom ye-Reishi yonyango, elwa nomhlaza, ikhulula intlungu kwi-arthritis kunye ikhupha ityhefu esibindini.
Nangona kunjalo, kweli nqaku, siza kugxila kumakhowa adliwayo, aphinde atyebe kakhulu kwizondlo ezinomphumo othile wokuphilisa kwaye unokuzifaka ngokulula kwisicwangciso sakho sesondlo somntu rhoqo.
UBukumkani baMakhowa
Amakhowa zizidalwa ezimangalisayo ngokwenene kuba zingumxube phakathi kwezilwanyana nezityalo kwaye abumba ubukumkani obuzimeleyo ngokupheleleyo phakathi kwezidalwa eziphilayo. Nangona zihleli njengezityalo, ziphefumla ioksijini – njengezilwanyana nabantu – kwaye zitya izinto eziphilayo (umz. iinkuni, izinambuzane). Ngaphaya koko, umngundo uneendonga zeeseli njengezityalo. Nangona kunjalo, iindonga zeeseli zefungi azenziwanga nge-cellulose, kodwa ze-chitin, njengeegobolondo zezinambuzane.
Malunga ne-100,000 yeentlobo zamakhowa zaziwa emhlabeni wonke namhlanje, kodwa kuqikelelwa ukuba kunokubakho ngaphezu kwezigidi ezihlanu. Uhlobo ngalunye lwamakhowa luneempawu zolwakhiwo. Xa amakhowa edubula phezulu emhlabeni, abonakala ezithembile-ngesambrela kunye nomnqwazi. Kodwa into ephela kwiimbiza zethu zokupheka yinxalenye encinci yefungus yokwenyani.
Kuba lo ngumzimba weziqhamo kuphela, owenzeka manqaphanqapha kwaye usetyenziselwa ukuzala. Eminye i-fungus ihlala ngendlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-mycelium phantsi komhlaba okanye kwimithi yemithi. I-mycelium, enokubonwa ngokuthelekiswa neengcambu zezityalo, yenziwe yimisonto emide kakhulu, ebhityileyo (hyphae) esebenza ukufunxa amanzi nokutya.
Iifungi ezininzi zingena kwi-symbiosis nezityalo. I-hyphae ijikeleza iingcambu zemithi emhlabeni kwaye ifunxa iswekile eveliswa ngumthi. Ngenxa yoko, umngundo unika imithi izondlo. Iintlobo ezithile zefungi kunye nezityalo zisondele kakhulu.
Ngokomzekelo, B. i-bolete okanye i-safron ngokuqhelekileyo iphantsi kwepineyini, ngelixa i-birch fungus - njengoko igama libonisa - likhetha inkampani yeebhishi. Esi sisizathu sokuba abavuni bamakhowa abanamava bazi kakuhle ukuba iinkunzi zikhetha ukuba sehlathini.
Amakhowa atyiwayo ekhitshini
Umntu ebesitya amakhowa ukusukela kwiStone Age. Nakwimihla yakudala, oko kubizwa ngokuba ngamakhowa atyiwayo ayegcinwa ngokuwomisa kwaye agcinelwe ubusika obunzima. KumaXesha Aphakathi, zazijongwa njengokutya kwabantu abahluphekayo, kodwa ngexesha leBaroque, zaphinda zajongwa njengento emnandi ngokwenene.
Amakhowa ayengamakhowa okuqala ukuba alinywe eYurophu - ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi eFransi - malunga ne-1650. Eyahlukileyo eJapan: Apha z. B. Amakhowa eShiitake aye alinywa ubuncinane iminyaka engama-2,000.
Namhlanje, amakhowa atyiwayo anandipha udumo oluphezulu emhlabeni wonke kwaye enze igalelo elibalulekileyo kwisondlo esinempilo. Iindlela zokulungiselela zahluke kakhulu: ungatya amakhowa ekrwada, uwaqhotse, uwapheke okanye uwabilise. Amakhowa afakwe kwi-oyile okanye iviniga okanye agaywe kumgubo nawo asetyenziswa ekhitshini. Amakhowa omisiweyo nawo angasetyenziswa, kodwa kufuneka afakwe amanzi kuqala phambi kokuba asetyenziswe okanye aqhubekeke phambili.
KuMbindi Yurophu kuphela kukho amakhulukhulu eendidi zamakhowa atyiwayo, kukho amakhowa amaqhosha, amakhowa, amakhowa eimbatyisi, amakhowa eporcini, amakhowa, iimorel, iitruffles, amakhowa okwenene avuselelayo, namakhowa eshiitake aphakathi kwezona zithandwayo kuba anokuthengwa phantse kuyo yonke indawo. Kodwa kunye neentlobo ezingaziwayo, ezifana ne-violet knightling, ethathwa njengokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-mushroom enhle kakhulu edliwayo.
Amakhowa asempilweni kuba...
...bangababoneleli abakumgangatho ophezulu woluhlu olupheleleyo lwezondlo ezibalulekileyo:
Amakhowa anika iprotheyini exabisekileyo
Amanye ama-mushroom atyebile kakhulu kwiprotheni xa kuthelekiswa neentlobo ezininzi zemifuno - ngakumbi i-mushroom ye-porcini ene-5.5 yeepesenti zeprotheyini. Amakhowa, amakhowa e-oyster, kunye nee<em>chanterelles zisabonelela ngesi-2 ukuya kwisi-3 ekhulwini kodwa azityebi kwiproteni kunesipinatshi okanye ibroccoli.
I-fiber yokutya kwi-mushroom
Amakhowa aqulethe i-fiber eninzi, ekhuthaza ukugaya, ikhusela umhlaza wekoloni, kwaye inciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Nangona i-German Society for Nutrition (DGE) incoma i-30 g ye-fiber yokutya ngosuku, kuphela i-20 g idliwa ngokulinganayo kumazwe amashishini.
Amakhowa ane-hemicellulose eninzi, ifayibha eyenza ukuziva unelisekile, nto leyo enokuba nomdla ngakumbi kwabo batyebe kakhulu. Kwakhona kwandisa ubuninzi be-stool kunye nokukhawuleza ukuhamba kokutya nge-intestinal tract.
Eyona nto ikhethekileyo yamakhowa yi-fiber chitin esele ikhankanyiwe. Esi sisizathu sokuba abanye abantu bangakwazi ukwetyisa amakhowa ngokulula. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukugaya kunokukhuthazwa kwixesha elide ukuba amakhowa ahanjiswa rhoqo.
Icebiso: Okukhona uwanqunqa kakuhle amakhowa okanye kokukhona uhlafuna izidlo zakho zamakhowa, kokukhona i-chitin igaywa ngakumbi.
Umxholo wefiber yokutya uxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-mushroom. Kunjalo umz. Umzekelo, i-100 g amakhowa amatsha aqulathe malunga ne-2 g, i-chanterelles 5.5 g, amakhowa e-porcini 7 g, kunye ne-truffles ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16 g fiber. Ngokuthelekisa, phakathi kwemifuno, ii-peas eziluhlaza ziphakathi kwabaphambili kwaye ziqulethe malunga ne-5 g yefiber.
Iiminerali kwii-mushroom
Amakhowa abonelela ngezixa ezifanelekileyo zeeminerali ezifana ne-potassium, isinyithi, i-selenium, kunye ne-zinc.
Potassium
Ukunqongophala kwePotassium kunokunxulunyaniswa nokulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya, ukuphumla kwemisipha, kunye nomonakalo kwimisipha yentliziyo. Amakhowa kokona kutya kutyebileyo ngepotassium kwaye aqulethe umz. Amakhowa, i-chanterelles, kunye ne-porcini ziphawuleka ngokukodwa apha, i-dose ephakanyisiweyo yemihla ngemihla ye-potassium inokugqunywa ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini kunye nenxalenye yamakhowa amatsha.
intsimbi
Amanye amakhowa afana ne-B. i-chanterelle - ngumthombo obaluleke kakhulu wentsimbi kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukhusela i-anemia (i-anemia), ukungabikho komzimba, kunye nezinye iziphumo ezininzi zokunqongophala kwesinyithi ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo. I-100 g ye-chanterelles entsha iqulethe i-6.5 mg yesinyithi, ehlanganisa isiqingatha semfuno yemihla ngemihla ye-10 ukuya kwi-15 mg.
Selenium
I-Selenium ikhusela kwi-radicals yamahhala, iqinisa amajoni omzimba, kwaye isebenze i-hormone ye-thyroid. I-DGE icebisa ngama-30 ukuya kuma-70 µg selenium ngosuku kubantu abancinci nakubantu abadala ngenxa yokuba abo batya kancinci kakhulu kwi-trace element emngciphekweni bonyusa ukungenwa lusulelo. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, nangona kunjalo, kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kokungafumaneki kwe-selenium kunye nezifo ezinjengomhlaza, izifo zentliziyo kunye ne-rheumatism. Ngoko ke kubaluleke ngakumbi ukutya ukutya okuqulethe i-selenium, kuquka namakhowa.
I-porcini mushroom ehlala emahlathini ethu yenye yezona mithombo zibalaseleyo ze-selenium, i-100 g iqulethe i-184 µg. Xa kuthelekiswa, umxholo weselenium weshiitake mushroom yi 76 µg kwaye lowo we birch mushroom yi 8 µg.
Izinki
Nokuba i-metabolism, amajoni omzimba, okanye iihomoni: I-Zinc izalisekisa imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni. Ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organization (WHO), isixa esicetyiswayo semihla ngemihla se-zinc yi-12 ukuya kwi-15 mg.
Umxholo we-zinc wamakhowa uthelekiswa nentlanzi kwaye uphakathi kwe-0.5 kunye ne-1 mg. Ngaphantsi nje kwe-0.9 mg, amakhowa e-oyster asekupheleni kwesi sikali, ngelixa i-mushroom ye-porcini ingaphezu koko, oko kukuthi ukubonelela nge-1.5 mg ye-zinc.
Iivithamini kumakhowa
Amakhowa nawo anceda ukugubungela imfuno yemihla ngemihla yevithamin A, ivithamin B, kunye nevithamin D.
IVithamini A
Iziphumo zokunqongophala kwevithamin A ziquka u-B. ukwanda kokungenwa sesichengeni sosulelo, iinwele ezomileyo zide zibe neenwele, ukubona luzizi, ukunqongophala kwentsimbi, kunye nokwanda komngcipheko womhlaza. I-Vitamin A ifumaneka kakhulu kwizicubu zezilwanyana, kodwa i-precursors, njenge-B. i-beta-carotene, nayo iqulethwe kwizityalo kunye namakhowa kwaye iguqulwa ibe yi-vitamin A emzimbeni.
Umyinge weemfuno zemihla ngemihla ngu-1 mg wevithamini A, ehambelana ne-6 mg ye-beta-carotene. I-100 g ye-chanterelles entsha iqulethe i-0.2 mg ye-vitamin A, apho unokuthi udibanise i-20 yepesenti yemfuno yakho yemihla ngemihla.
Vitamin B
Kwakhona ngokwemiqathango yevithamini B, amakhowa akufanele ahlekiswe. B. I-100 g yamakhowa amatsha aqukethe i-35 ipesenti ye-dose yemihla ngemihla ekhuthazwayo ye-vitamin B5 kunye ne-28 yepesenti ye-vitamin B2, ngelixa ama-oyster amakhowa aqukethe ukuya kwi-0.2 mg ye-vitamin B1 kunye ne-coverage efunekayo yi-20 ekhulwini.
Ngaphaya koko, amakhowa akwangumthengisi oxabiseke kakhulu we-niacin kwaye kufuneka alinganiswe nenyama kunye nentlanzi kulo mba. Unokugubungela i-100 yepesenti yemfuno yakho yemihla ngemihla ye-niacin (B3) nge-100 g ye-chanterelles entsha.
Vitamin D
EJamani, ukuya kutsho kuma-90 ekhulwini abantu abadala abanengxaki yokunqongophala kwevithamin D.
IVithamin D ayinakuveliswa ngumzimba ngokwawo. Ukutya, kwelinye icala, kunegalelo elincinane kuphela ekugqumeni imfuno yevithamin D kwaye ke ngoko kunokuphantse kungahoywa. Iintlanzi kuphela zibonelela ngeemali ezifanelekileyo ze-vitamin D. Kodwa oku kungaphandle kombuzo wemifuno okanye i-vegans. Amakhowa anokunceda apha. Nangona bengakwazi ukugubungela imfuneko yevithamin D, unokunceda ukuyigubungela – oko kukuthi nge-2 ukuya kwi-3 µg yevithamin D.
Iimpembelelo zamakhowa kumayeza aseTshayina
Abaphengululi bamandulo babesele besazi ukuba amakhowa anokusetyenziswa kungekuphela nje njengokutya kodwa nanjengamayeza. Ubhale njalo uz. B. UPlinius oMdala emsebenzini wakhe othi "Naturalis Historia" (uphando lwendalo) ngamanye amaxesha malunga nefuthe lokuphulukisa i-larch polypore, eyayisetyenziselwa ukulwa namathumbu kunye nezifo zesikhumba.
Uninzi lwezinye iincwadi ze-herbal zalandelwa kwiinkulungwane, umz. B. "incwadi yemifuno" ka-Adamus Lonicerus, epapashwe ngo-1679, apho amakhowa aneempawu zonyango anendawo esisigxina. Ngokomzekelo, indlebe kaYudas yayisetyenziselwa ukuphilisa amathumba, i-stinkhorn yanceda ngokumelene ne-gout, kwaye i-honey fungus yayisetyenziswe njenge-laxative, leyo imvelaphi yegama (Isihogo - intsingiselo yesihogo - kwi-A) kufuneka ibonise ngokungathandabuzekiyo.
Kodwa ke ulwazi malunga neempawu zokuphilisa amakhowa adliwayo lwawela ngakumbi nangakumbi ekulibaleni - ubuncinci eNtshona. Oku kuqala kungenxa yokuba - ngaphandle kwamakhowa - akukho mntu wayesazi ukuba anokulinywa njani kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso kwakungenakwenzeka.
Nangona kunjalo, eMpuma Asia - ngakumbi eJapan, eChina, eIndonesia naseKorea - imeko yahluke kakhulu. Apha, apho amayeza esintu kunye nanamhlanje anokuhlalisana ngokuthula, amakhowa amayeza ahlala enandipha ukuthandwa okungagungqiyo. I-Myotherapy (iyeza lamakhowa) libonakaliswe ngakwesinye icala ngesithethe samandulo se-naturopaths kwaye ngakolunye uhlangothi ngezifundo zeklinikhi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, igama elithi myotherapy linokulandelwa kumphandi wamakhowa uProf Jan Ivan Lelley kunye neziphakamiso ezilandelayo zesicelo zivela kubutyebi bakhe obubalaseleyo bolwazi.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona kunjalo, umdla kwiipropati zonyango zamakhowa uphinde wavuselelwa kwihlabathi lasentshona. Eyona nto yayisenza isigqibo yayikukuba abantu abaninzi ngakumbi nangakumbi - nokuba zizazinzulu okanye akunjalo - baya benomdla ngakumbi ngezinye iindlela zonyango (kubandakanywa namayeza esintu aseTshayina). Ulwazi lwafunyanwa kwakhona ukuba ayingowase-Asiya kuphela kodwa kunye namakhowa ethu emveli axabisekileyo ngokweyeza. Ngoku singathanda ukwazisa ezintathu zazo kuwe ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
Ikhowa ikhusela umhlaza
Amakhowa aziwa ngokuba yi-Egerlinge kumazwe athetha isiJamani kwaye aphakathi kwawona makhowa adumileyo atyiwayo. Zininzi iindidi zamakhowa, kodwa iEgerling enamacala amabini (Agaricus bisporus) yeyona idla ngokuthengiswa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba likhowa elilinyiweyo lelona khowa lilinywa kakhulu emhlabeni - malunga ne-1.5 yezigidi zeetoni ziveliswa minyaka le eYurophu nakuMntla Melika kuphela.
I-mushroom ilungele abantu abanqwenela ukunciphisa umzimba, kodwa abane-gout, isifo seswekile, kunye nezigulana zoxinzelelo lwegazi kufuneka zibandakanye i-mushroom emnandi kwimenyu yabo rhoqo. I-sodium ephantsi kunye ne-glucose umxholo, i-potassium ephezulu kunye ne-vitamin content kunye ne-fiber yokugaya igalelo kwinto yokuba izigulane zinokuthi zizuze ngokukodwa kumakhowa.
I-mushroom ayinayo isithethe eside e-Asia, kodwa sele isele enye yamakhowa aziwayo amayeza. Ngaloo ndlela, i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-tyrosinase, z. B. ikhusela kwimitha ye-UV, inikwe impembelelo ye-antihypertensive. Ukongezelela, abaphili baseTshayina batusa ukuba oomama abancancisayo badle amakhowa rhoqo kuba banokunyusa ukuveliswa kobisi.
Okwangoku, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba amakhowa - kubandakanywa i-mushroom iqhosha - aphikisana namathumba. Izazinzulu zaseTshayina zine z. Kwaboniswa, umzekelo, ukuba isicatshulwa se-mushroom sinokufikelela kwi-90 yepesenti yokuthintela ukukhula kwizicubu ezinobungozi.
Abaphandi beSixeko seThemba leCancer Centre kufuphi neLos Angeles baye babonisa ukuba amakhowa anempembelelo yokuchasana nomhlaza kunye z. B. ukucothisa ukukhula kwamathumba ebele. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba amakhowa anqanda i-enzyme ye-aromatase, ebandakanyeka ekubunjweni kwe-estrogen. Ngaloo ngqiqo, ukutya amakhowa nako kunempembelelo yokukhusela.
isicelo:
Amakhowa awafane anikezelwe njengamakhowa omisiweyo kodwa anokuthengwa amatsha unyaka wonke. Ukuze ujabulele amandla okuphilisa ama-mushroom, nangona kunjalo, i-100 ukuya kwi-150 g kufuneka idliwe ngamaxesha amabini ukuya kwe-2 ngeveki.
I-Oyster mushroom ilawula amanqanaba e-cholesterol
I-oyster mushroom okanye i-oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) inokufumaneka phantse kuyo yonke indawo emhlabeni. Ikhula kwiziqu kunye namasebe emithi njengoko isitya i-lignin ehlathini. EJamani, i-beech eqhelekileyo yindawo yayo ekhethiweyo. Amakhowa eOyster ngamakhowa athandwayo atyiwayo kwaye ke alinywa ngobuninzi - malunga ne-2.5 yezigidi zeetoni ezivunwa kwihlabathi jikelele minyaka le.
Kwi-TCM, amakhowa e-oyster omisiwe asetyenziswa umz. B. esetyenziselwa ukuqinisa imithambo kunye nokukhulula imisipha. Kodwa i-oyster mushroom nayo izenzele igama kumayeza anamhlanje. Ngoko ke fumana imizimba yeziqhamo ezomisiweyo z. B. e-China ukunyanga i-lumbago kunye nemilenze kunye nokuqina kwe-tendon, ngelixa e-Czech Republic i-oyster mushroom extracts ithathwa ukukhusela amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol.
Uphononongo olwenziwe yiYunivesithi yaseLeibniz yaseHanover lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwamakhowa e-oyster kunokuba nefuthe elihle kumanqanaba egazi legazi.
Abafundi abangama-20 abanamanqanaba e-cholesterol anyuswe kancinci bazibeka kwinkonzo yesayensi iiveki ezintathu. Ngelixa elinye iqela lidla i-600 ml yesobho se-oyster eyomileyo imihla ngemihla, iqela lokulawula lafumana umlinganiselo ofanayo wesobho se-tomato. Kwezo zifundo zovavanyo ezidla isobho se-mushroom, ukunciphisa okukhulu kwi-triglycerides - imingcipheko yezifo zenhliziyo kunye nokuvuvukala kwe-pancreas - kwafunyanwa xa kuthelekiswa neqela lokulawula. Ngaphezu koko, ukunciphisa okuphawulekayo kwi-cholesterol "embi" ye-LDL kunye ne-cholesterol yonke i-concentration concentration yalinganiswa egazini "leqela le-mushroom".
Ukongeza, abaphandi baseSlovak abavela kwiZiko loPhando lweZondlo eBratislava baye bafumanisa ukuba amakhowa e-oyster aphakathi kweendlela zokuthintela umhlaza wekoloni (3). Nabani na odla amakhowa e-oyster wenza into enhle kwi-intestinal flora yabo, ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa ye-chitin. Amathumbu ngokwawo akakwazi ukusebenzisa i-chitin engagayekiyo, kodwa iibhaktheriya zamathumbu zinakho. Emva kokutya amakhowa, inani leebhaktheriya ezinqwenelekayo zamathumbu liyanda njengoko zifumana iipolysaccharides ezenza i-chitin inencasa ngakumbi. Ngale ndlela, i-intestinal flora milieu ephilileyo iyadalwa, ebaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni impilo.
isicelo:
Ukuze ulawule amazinga e-cholesterol, i-3 ukuya kwi-9 g yamakhowa omisiwe kunye ne-powder oyster iyanconywa ngosuku. I-powder mushroom inokuthatyathwa ngendlela yee-capsules, kodwa inokuphinda ifakwe kwitiyi efudumele okanye isobho, umzekelo.
Isivalo se-inki sithintela iiseli zethumba
Ikepusi ye-inki (iCoprinus comatus) ikwabizwa ngokuba yi asparagus mushroom okanye inki ikhowa kwaye inzalelwane yaseYurophu. Ithanda ukuzibonakalisa ecaleni kwendlela kunye namadlelo kodwa ikwafumanise izixeko zethu njengendawo yazo yokuhlala. Ke nasembindini wezindlu, kuhlala kukho amaqela amakhulu eCrested Tints. Amakhowa, aneempawu zawo ezimbhoxo ukuya kwiminqwazi emile okwentsimbi, atya i-nematodes encinci, ebonisa ukuba zeziphi izidalwa ezimangalisayo ezinokuthi zibe ngamakhowa.
Umnqwazi we-inki uthathwa njengekhowa elibalaseleyo elinokutyiwa ebuntwaneni nasebutsheni babo kuba izinto zakudala zinyibilika zibe lulwelo olufana ne-inki- nalapho igama lalo livela khona. Enyanisweni, la makhowa abolayo ayesetyenziselwa ukwenza uhlobo lwe-inki ekunokubhalwa ngalo.
Olunye uphawu olukhethekileyo lwekepusi ye-inki kukuba yenye yamakhowa ambalwa anokutyiwa anokulinywa. Ingxaki ngoku yeyokuba amakhowa kufuneka asetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kuba nesampulu esincinci sikhawuleza sibe yi-inky emva kokuvuna. Ngesi sizathu, iSchoftintling ikhuliswa ikakhulu ngabathandi.
Kwi-TCM, i-inki ye-shaggy ichazwa njengokukhuthaza ukugaya kwaye ikwasetyenziselwa unyango lwe-hemorrhoids. Abaphandi baseTshayina babonise kwiimvavanyo ukuba i-fungus ine-100 yepesenti yokuthintela ukukhula kumathumba anobungozi okudibanisa kunye nezicubu ezixhasayo kunye neepesenti ezingama-90 kwi-Ehrlich's carcinoma (i-skin cell tumor).
Uphononongo olwenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseHaifa kwaSirayeli lubonise ukuba amacandelo athile omthunzi weenwele avala iindawo zokwamkela iihomoni zesini kwiiseli zethumba. Ngale ndlela, umhlaza oxhomekeke kwihomoni njengomhlaza webele okanye wedlala lobudoda unokuphenjelelwa kakuhle.
Isiphumo sokwehlisa iswekile yegazi yeSchoftintling nayo inomdla kakhulu. I-mycologist yaseJamani egama linguKronberger, naye owayenesifo seswekile, wenza uvavanyo kuye ngokwakhe kwiminyaka ye-1960. Wafumanisa ukuba ikhowa lehlisa iswekile yegazi. Ukusukela ngoko, kuye kwangqinwa kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi ukuba nokuba isixa esincinci sefungus sibangela ukukhutshwa okwandisiweyo kwe-insulin okanye ukunciphisa iswekile yegazi ngohlobo lwe-1 kunye nohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile kwaye akukho ndlela ingaphantsi kweyeza eliqhelekileyo - kodwa ngaphandle kubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
isicelo:
Ukuze i-mushroom inki iphuhlise umphumo wayo kwaye ilawule iswekile yegazi, kufuneka isetyenziswe rhoqo - i-100 ukuya kwi-200 g yamakhowe amatsha anconywa ngosuku. Kodwa ungasebenzisa i-10 ukuya kwi-20 g yamakhowa omisiwe kunye nomgubo, oxhomekeke kukhetho lwakho - z. B. iyogathi, isuphu, okanye isityu singongezwa. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuthatha isicatshulwa se-inki ye-shad, apho isiqingatha setisipuni kwi-teaspoon epheleleyo yesicatshulwa sixutywe namanzi amancinci okanye iti ye-herbal kabini ngosuku. Unyango lwe-mushroom kufuneka lwenziwe ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezintathu.
Inkosi ye-oyster mushroom inokomeleza inkumbulo
Inkosi ye-oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus eryngii ), eyaziwa ngokuba yinkosi ye-oyster mushroom, ikhula eYurophu, nangona inqabile ukufumaneka kwintlango eJamani. Ibonakaliswa yiphunga layo elinamandla, elimnandi, elifana ne-porcini mushroom. I-mushroom edliwayo inenzuzo yokuba ihlala i-dente ngexesha lokupheka. Kwelinye icala, ayifanelekanga ukuba isetyenziswe ekrwada kuba kunzima ukuyicola.
I-king oyster mushroom ityebile kwi-antioxidants kwaye, ngokutsho kophononongo, ngoko ke ingaba nefuthe elihle kwi-Alzheimer's. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili ze-Alzheimer's kuxinzelelo lwe-oxidative.
Kuphononongo lwaseTaiwan, iimpuku zondliwa amakhowa enkosi kangangeeveki ezintandathu. Emva kwelo xesha, ukusilela kwakhe kwinkumbulo kuye kwaphucuka kakhulu, ngelixa i-plaque deposits eqhelekileyo ye-Alzheimer's yehlile. Abaphandi, ke, bakrokrela ukuba inkosi ye-oyster mushroom inokukhuthaza inkumbulo ebantwini.
Iingcebiso ezili-10 zokujongana nama-mushroom
UProf. Lelley - umphandi owaziwayo wamakhowa onokulandelelwa kuye i-mycotherapy - ucebisa: "Yitya amakhowa kwaye uya kuphila ixesha elide!" - kodwa kuphela xa kungekho toadstools okanye amakhowa atyiwayo awonakeleyo aphelela embizeni yokupheka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uphatha amakhowa ngokucokisekileyo, unokuzuza kwizinto zombini ezilungileyo kunye nomphumo wokuphulukisa we "woodman".
Ngoko unokuqokelela ama-mushroom
Amakhowa adliwayo anokuqokelelwa emadlelweni nasemahlathini ukususela ngoJulayi ukuya kuNovemba, kodwa ikwindla lixesha elifanelekileyo. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, kubalulekile ukuba kuphela ezo sampuli ezinokuthi zichongwe ngokucacileyo zithathwe. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngamakhowa athile, akufanele naphantsi kweemeko uwadle, kodwa okokuqala, qhagamshelana neziko leengcebiso zamakhowa.
Gweba ngobunono amakhowa emhlabeni. Oku kubalulekile kuba kudla ngokubakho iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zokuchonga ekupheleni kweziqu eziluncedo ekuchongeni. Emva koko kufuneka uvale umngxuma ngomhlaba kwakhona ukuze i-mycelium ingomi. Kungcono ukushiya amakhowa amancinci kakhulu apho akhoyo, kunye neesampuli ezindala. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba i-poisoning eninzi ye-mushroom ayibangelwa yi-toadstools, kodwa ngamakhowa amadala, abolileyo.
Kungcono ukuthutha amakhowa aqokelelweyo kwiibhaskithi ezinomoya ukuze ahlale esitsha ixesha elide. Kwakhona kufuneka uwagcine la makhowa ubungenakuwachaza ngokucacileyo ngokwahlukeneyo, kuba umzekelo, i-death cap mushroom inokuguqula awona makhowa alungileyo anokutyiwa abe sisitulo sesele ngokukhupha iinkowa.
Zilumkele ukuphinda-phinda okuyityhefu
Amanye amakhowa atyiwayo anetyhefu ephindwe kabini, ekufuneka ukwazi ukuyichaza xa uqokelela amakhowa. I-double inedible ye-porcini mushroom, umzekelo, yi-boletus ye-gall, enambitha kakhulu. Ityhefu ephindwe kabini ye-mushroom ye-meadow yi-death cap mushroom, enokukhokelela ekufeni.
I-parasol, incasa kwaye inevumba elimnandi le-nutty kwaye ineringi yokutyibilika phantsi komnqwazi, nayo inamanani aphindwe kabini, amanye awo anetyhefu, amanye angenayo. Ukuba i-ring (i-cuff) ayinakususwa, unokuqiniseka ukuba ayiyiyo i-parasol, kodwa mhlawumbi i-mushroom enkulu enetyhefu.
Kwakhona, fumanisa ukuba kukho izithintelo zokuqokelela okanye ukuvalwa komsebenzi kummandla wakho.
Ngaba amakhowa agcina i-radioactivity kunye neentsimbi ezinzima?
Phantse iminyaka engama-40 sele idlulile oko kwenzeka ingozi yereactor eChornobyl - kwaye amanye amakhowa asendle asangcolisekile yiradioactivity. Iqondo lokungcoliseka lixhomekeke kuzo zombini iindidi kunye nendawo.
Okona kungcolisekileyo ziindidi ezikhula emaplangeni, umz. B. ioyster mushroom, ngelixa z. B. iibholethi ze-chestnut zibhekwa njengento engcolileyo kakhulu. IRashiya neUkraine ngamanye amaxesha ziyachaphazeleka, kodwa kwanamazwe aseMpuma Yurophu afana neHungary namazantsi eJamani, neSwitzerland.
Ekubeni ama-mushroom aphinda aqokelele isinyithi esinzima njenge-cadmium okanye i-mercury, i-DGE incoma ukuba ungadli ngaphezu kwe-250 g yamakhowa asendle ngeveki. Abantwana kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kufuneka baqaphele ngokukodwa kwaye ukuba ufuna ukuba kwicala elikhuselekileyo, kungcono ukusebenzisa amakhowa alinyiwe.
Xa uthenga amakhowa
Ulumkele kuphela xa uqokelela, kodwa naxa uthenga kwivenkile enkulu. Akuqhelekanga ukuba kunikwe ama-mushroom asele onakalisiwe. Oku kubangelwa ukuba ama-mushroom ahlala egcinwe ngokungalunganga okanye ixesha elide. Xa amakhowa etshabalalisa, i-toxins ikhula, enokubangela ukuba i-mushroom ityhefu. Ngoko xa uwathenga, qinisekisa ukuba amakhowa akapakishwanga ukuba angangeni moya (umz. kwiplastiki).
Kufuneka uyeke ukuthenga amakhowa omisiweyo, anebala, okanye angumngundo. Kwimizekelo emikhulu enjengamakhowa e-porcini, unokwenza uvavanyo lokutsha: cinezela ngokulula i-cap ngomnwe wakho wesalathisi. Ukuba ithambile kwaye iyanikezela, i-mushroom inokonakala kakhulu.
Indlela yokugcina amakhowa
Njengoko usazi, amakhowa ahlala amatsha nje iintsuku ezimbalwa. Amakhowa asendle alungiselelwe kakuhle ngosuku olufanayo. Ekubeni amakhowa evakalelwa kakhulu kukukhanya, kubushushu nakuxinzelelo, afanele agcinwe kwisitya esingena umoya okanye kwisingxobo sephepha esikwindawo yemifuno ekwifriji.
Umkhenkce amakhowa
Amakhowa nawo alungile ukukhenkceza ukwandisa ubomi bawo beshelufu. Kodwa ngaphambi koko, kufuneka uhlambulule kakuhle, unqumle kwiinqununu okanye iziqwenga uze udibanise ngokufutshane. Beka nje ama-mushroom emanzini abilayo anetyuwa, uwakhuphe kwaye uwathuse ngamanzi abandayo. Emva koko cima ama-mushroom kakuhle. Kungcono ukuba womise iqhekeza ngalinye. Amakhowa angagcinwa kwisikhenkcisi kangangeenyanga ezi-6.
Pickle amakhowa
Ngaphandle kwe-Tintlingen, ungakhetha onke amakhowa amancinci, aqinileyo, nangenantshulube kumhluzi, ioyile, okanye iviniga. Amakhowa amahle kakhulu okukhetha aquka i-B. porcini, amakhowa amaqhosha, ama-chanterelles, ama-irritants, okanye ama-mushroom ebhotela.
Ukukhetha amakhowa kwioli yeoli, ubilise kuqala i-1 litre yeviniga yewayini elungileyo, i-0.5 iilitha zamanzi, i-2 tablespoons yetyuwa, kunye neziqholo ozikhethayo, yongeza i-2 kg yamakhowa kwaye uvumele ukuba bapheke imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kwe-10. Emva koko uthele i-brew, usasaze ama-mushroom kwi-cloth ecocekileyo, kwaye ushiye ukupholisa iiyure ezimbalwa. Kubalulekile ukuba ungasayi kubamba amakhowa abilisiwe ngezandla zakho. Okwangoku, vala izikhongozeli zeglasi ezitywiniweyo ezifunekayo.
Ekugqibeleni, gcwalisa iglasi ngoluhlu lwamakhowa kwaye uwagubungele ngeoli yeoli ephezulu - de kube iglasi igcwele - kwaye uyivale ngokuqinileyo. Njalo qinisekisa ukuba zonke iindawo ze-mushroom zifakwe kakuhle ngeoli yeoli, ngaphandle koko, ukubunjwa kuya kukhula.
Amakhowa omileyo
Kwakhona ayisiyonzululwazi ye-rocket ukomisa amakhowa akho. Okokuqala, kufuneka usike kubini okanye usike kancinane uze womise kubushushu obumalunga nama-40 ngokukaCelsius. I-dehydrator isebenza kakuhle kule nto, kodwa ungasebenzisa i-oven. Unokubeka iinqununu ze-mushroom kwiphepha lokubhaka elifakwe kwiphepha lokubhaka okanye kwi-wire rack. Khetha umsebenzi we-convection okanye ushiye i-oven ivulekile.
Enye indlela yokomisa umoya. Amakhowa nawo ayasikwa abe ziziqwenga, afakwe imisonto, axhonywe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo (umz. i-attic). Ngexesha elifudumeleyo, iziqwenga zamakhowa nazo zinokubekwa kwilaphu okanye kwiphepha lesikhumba kwaye zomiswe elangeni.
Amakhowa omisiweyo kufuneka agcinwe emoyeni.
Lungiselela amakhowa
Okokuqala, isiqubulo asikokusebenzisa iimpahla ezinkonkxiweyo, ekubeni ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sezithako ezixabisekileyo zilahleka ngenkqubo yokulondoloza. Ama-mushroom afriziwe akufanele ancibilikiswe ngaphambi kokupheka.
Ngaphambi kokuba kulungiswe amakhowa, kufuneka acocwe kakuhle. Unokuzixubha ngobunono phantsi kwamanzi abalekayo okanye uyomise. Nangona kunjalo, musa ukushiya amakhowa emanzini, njengoko aya kuthi axutywe njengesiponji kwaye alahlekelwe yiphunga lawo. Kungcono ukuwambambatha emva kokuhlamba. Amakhowa alinyiweyo anokusulwa ngelaphu elimanzi.
Utya amakhowa ekrwada?
Ngaphandle koko, kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba uninzi lwamakhowa anetyhefu kwimeko yawo eluhlaza! Ezi ziquka ezona fungi zilinywa kakhulu kodwa ngokubanzi azinjalo. Ngenxa yokuba amakhowa, i-shiitake, kunye namakhowa e-porcini angatyiwa ekrwada ngokwemiyinge eqhelekileyo malunga nomlinganiselo. 50 g, umz. B. I-marinate ngobusuku (kwifriji) kwijusi yelamuni, ioli yeoli, ityuwa yolwandle, igalikhi, kunye nemifuno.
Ukuba awuwanyamezeli kakuhle amakhowa kwaye unenkqubo yokwetyisa ebuthathaka, kufuneka uwafudumeze la makhowa kangangemizuzu eli-15 ubuncinane, kuba kunzima ukwetyisa ukuba iphekwe ixesha elifutshane. Oku kulandelayo kuyasebenza: ezincinci zisikwe zivuleke, kulula ukucolwa - nangona sihlala sikhankanya ukuba akusoloko ubukhulu beqhekeza elingunobangela, kodwa kunoko ukutya okuxakekayo kunye nokungafuni ukuhlafuna kakhulu. Ukuba udla ngoxolo kwaye uhlafuna ngokukhululekileyo, uya kukwazi ngokukhawuleza ukunyamezela ukutya okuninzi okukubangele ngaphambili.
Ngaba unokuphinda ufudumeze ama-mushroom?
Ngokuzenzekelayo, unokutshisa izitya ze-mushroom ngokulula. Kangangamashumi eminyaka kwakukho izilumkiso malunga noku, kodwa oko kwakungenxa yokuba kwiintsuku zakudala zazingekho iifriji kwaye amakhowa aphekiweyo wonakaliswa lula. Kodwa ukuba ushiye isitya sakho se-mushroom efrijini ngobusuku, unokusifudumeza kwaye ujabulele ngosuku olulandelayo okanye ngosuku olulandelayo emva koko.
