Tracy Norris
Umkhiwane unokubonelela ngeendlela zokupheka - unokulungiswa ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwaye i-snack ethandwayo phakathi, zombini ezomileyo kunye nekrwada. Ukongezelela, isiqhamo, esityebileyo kwizinto ezibalulekileyo, liyeza elidumileyo lasekhaya kuzo zonke iintlobo zezifo kumazwe amaninzi.
Umkhiwane - iyeza elisebenzayo lasekhaya
Amakhiwane amatsha anejusi ngokumangalisayo, incasa eswiti kamnandi kwaye anokwakheka okungaqhelekanga ngenxa yemingxuma ekrunekileyo ngaphakathi. Ziyatyiwa zikrwada okanye zomisiwe, zenziwa ijam kunye ne chutneys, okanye zongeze ivumba elimnandi kwisaladi okanye izimuncumuncu. Kodwa amakhiwane akayonto nje etyiwayo.
Kumayeza esintu kumazwe amaninzi, iziqhamo, amaxolo, amagqabi nencindi yobisi ephuma kwizikhondo zomthi womkhiwane isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izigulo ezininzi, ezinjengokuqhinwa, njengeyeza lemvelo lokunyanga iintsumpa, okanye ukomeleza intliziyo. Iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo zamakhiwane ziyaziwa, ngakumbi kumazwe aseArabhu, eIndiya, nakwiMeditera.
Amakhiwane alinywa iminyaka engama-5000
Umkhiwane ( Ficus carica ) sele ukhankanyiwe eBhayibhileni: Yiyo kuphela isityalo sase-Eden esibizwa ngegama. Ngoko ke ifuzisela iparadesi. Amagqabi awo asebenza njengesambatho sika-Adam noEva xa batya kumthi wokwazi baza baqaphela ubuze babo.
Imithi yamakhiwane yatyalwa kwasekuqaleni kwe3000 BC. Ilinywa eMesopotamia (ngoku eyi-Iraq neTurkey) kwaye sesinye sezona zityalo zindala zilinywayo. Ukusuka eMesopotamiya, kuthiwa afikelela eGrisi nakuwo wonke ummandla weMeditera. I-Turkey, i-Egypt, i-Algeria, kunye ne-Morocco zisephakathi kwawona balimi bakhulu bamakhiwane namhlanje. Amakhiwane omisiweyo nawo aphuma kula mazwe, apho ngokwesithethe asomiswa elangeni.
Amakhiwane ayesele ethathwa njengokutya okusisiseko ngamaRoma amandulo - ngakumbi xa omisiwe, kuthiwa ayethandwa kakhulu kuzo zonke iindidi zentlalo ngenxa yokuphila ixesha elide. Kwaye nanamhlanje, ikhiwane - nokuba litsha okanye liyomisiwe - liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokutya okujikeleze iMeditera nakwihlabathi elininzi.
Amaxabiso esondlo somkhiwane
Ngamakhiwane omisiweyo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubunzima babo buyingxenye kuphela yobunzima bomkhiwane omtsha ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamanzi ngexesha lokumisa. Ikhiwane elitsha linobunzima obumalunga ne-60 g, kunye nekhiwane elomileyo kuphela i-10 ukuya kwi-25 g. I-100 g yamakhiwane omisiweyo ke ngoko aneswekile eninzi kakhulu kune-100 g yamakhiwane amatsha - kodwa ke akwaneprotheyini eninzi, amafutha, kunye nefiber.
Iikhalori zomkhiwane
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeziqhamo, amakhiwane aphakathi phakathi ngokubhekiselele kumxholo wekhalori we-63 kcal nge-100 g. Ukuthelekisa: Iibhanana zibhekwa njengeekhalori eziphezulu kunye ne-95 kcal nge-100 g - i-watermelon, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphantsi kweekhalori kunye ne-38 kcal.
Oku kuhluke kumakhiwane omisiwe: i-100 g iqulethe i-284 kcal. Xa kuthelekiswa neziqhamo ezitsha, eli nani livakala ngathi lininzi. Nangona kunjalo, amakhiwane omisiweyo awabalulekanga kakhulu kunamashwamshwam angenampilo: i-100 g yetshokolethi yobisi iqulethe malunga ne-535 kcal, kunye ne-100 g ye-snack salami yi-500 kcal. Amakhiwane omisiweyo ke ngoko ayindlela enempilo echasene namashwamshwam esintu. Kwakhona, ngokuqhelekileyo awuze utye kakhulu amakhiwane omisiweyo, njengoko abaninzi abantu bafumana ukuvinjelwa kwendalo kokutya isiqhamo, esifana nephayinaphu.
Iivithamini zamakhiwane
Amakhiwane aqulethe phantse lonke uluhlu lweevithamini. Iivithamini B zininzi kakhulu kumakhiwane omisiweyo.
Iiminerali zomkhiwane
Amakhiwane omisiweyo anokugubungela inxalenye enkulu yeemfuno zemihla ngemihla zezimbiwa. Ewe, awutyi i-100 g yamakhiwane omisiweyo yonke imihla, kodwa inxalenye ye-b.
Isalathisi se-glycemic kunye nomthwalo we-glycemic wamakhiwane
Isalathiso se-glycemic yamakhiwane amatsha angama-35, kwaye amakhiwane omisiwe angama-40. Umahluko awukho mkhulu, obangelwa ngokukodwa ukuba i-glycemic index ayifanelekanga ukubonisa impembelelo yangempela yokutya kwishukela legazi. inqanaba. Ngenxa yokuba i-glycemic index ibhekisela kwi-100 g ye-carbohydrates, okt hayi kwi-100 g yokutya okufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, sincoma ukuba ugxininise ngakumbi kumthwalo we-glycemic. Oku kubhekiselele kwi-100 g yokutya.
I-100 g yamakhiwane amatsha anomthwalo ophantsi we-glycemic we-4.5 (amaxabiso ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10 abonwa ephantsi). Ngoko ke banempembelelo encinci kumanqanaba eswekile yegazi. Amakhiwane omisiweyo, kwelinye icala, anomthwalo ophezulu we-glycemic we-27.6 (amaxabiso angaphezu kwama-20 athathwa ngokuba phezulu).
Umkhiwane kwi-fructose ukunganyamezeli
I-100 g amakhiwane amatsha aqukethe i-5.5 g fructose kunye ne-7 g glucose - i-100 g yamakhiwane omisiwe aqukethe i-24.8 g fructose kunye ne-31.5 g glucose. Abantu abanengxaki yokunyamezela i-fructose ngokuqhelekileyo abanyamezeli amakhiwane amatsha okanye omisiweyo ngexesha lesigaba sokuziyeka. Ngokubhekiselele kwisondlo sexesha elide, amakhiwane amatsha anyamezeleka ngokuphakathi. Ngoko ke, emva kwexesha lobabalo, unokulingelo ngeebhenana zamakhiwane amatsha uze ubone ukuba zikusebenzela njani.
Kukho nawuphi na, umlinganiselo omhle we-glucose-fructose unenzuzo. Kuba ukuba ukutya kuqulethe i-glucose eninzi kune-fructose, ngoko oku kuphucula ukunyamezela. Ukongeza, amakhiwane athathwa njenge-sorbitol-free, ke le nto ikwathetha ngokuthanda ukuvavanya ubuncinci amakhiwane amatsha, nokuba anokunganyamezeli i-fructose. I-Sorbitol i-alcohol yeswekile enokunyusa iimpawu zokunganyamezeli kwe-fructose, yiyo loo nto iziqhamo eziphantsi kwe-fructose kodwa zine-sorbitol eninzi nazo ziyakwazi ukunyamezela, umz. B. Apricots.
Ikhiwane sisityalo samayeza esintu
Kwiyeza lemveli kumazwe amaninzi, umkhiwane sele uyaziwa ngemiphumo yempilo. Kancinci, ezi ziphumo ngoku zivavanywa ngokusondeleyo yisayensi.
Amakhiwane anceda ukuqhina
Umkhiwane unefuthe elincinci lokuthambisa - oku kwaziwa kwiyeza elisebenzayo. Ngoku ihlolwe kuphononongo lwabantu abangama-78 ngokusebenza kwayo ekuqunjelweni. Izifundo zithatha i-100 g ye-fig paste okanye i-placebo kathathu ngosuku ngaphambi kokutya kwiiveki ezisibhozo.
Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukuthatha intlama yomkhiwane kunciphise ixesha elithathiweyo lokuzikhulula, ukuphucula ukungaguquguquki kwesitulo, kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu zesisu (umz. ukuqunjelwa kunye neentlungu zesisu) kwizifundo zovavanyo. Abaphandi bathi impembelelo kwi-phytochemicals kunye nefiber kwifig.
Amakhiwane athathwe kuphela njengentlama ukwenzela ukuba zonke izifundo zidle umlinganiselo ofanayo wezithako kwaye umphumo unokuthelekiswa ngcono. Nangona kunjalo, amakhiwane amatsha kunye omisiwe angafikelela umphumo ofanayo. Akunanto yokuba amakhiwane ayiyeza eliqinisekisiweyo lasekhaya lokuqunjelwa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamakhiwane omisiweyo ukuqunjelwa
Njengesilungiso sasekhaya sokutya, amakhiwane omisiwe asetyenziswa ngendlela efanayo ne-prunes. Gxuma amakhiwane amahlanu omisiwe emanzini ngobusuku kwaye uwatye ngentsasa elandelayo ngaphambi kwesidlo sakusasa. Amanzi okufunxa nawo kufuneka asele. Ngenye indlela, ungabeka amakhiwane afakwe kwi-blender kunye namanzi okuhlamba kwaye uwasele njenge-smoothie. Ngeempawu ezinenkani, phinda oku yonke imihla kangangeeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Ungafumana amayeza angakumbi asekhaya okuqunjelwa phantsi kwekhonkco langaphambili. Ekubeni ukuqhinwa kudla ngokuba ngunobangela we-hemorrhoids, amakhiwane afakwe emanzini anokufakwa kunyango lwe-hemorrhoid.
Amakhiwane asebenza ngokuchasene noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu
Ikhiwane likwasetyenziselwa amayeza esintu njenge-agent yokomeleza intliziyo kunye nokujikeleza. Uphononongo lweempuku lucebisa ukuba oku kungenxa yoxinzelelo lwegazi lomkhiwane oluthoba iziphumo. Uphononongo, olupapashwe kwijenali ye-Pharmaceutical Biology ngo-2017, lufumene ukuqheleka koxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngaphambili kwizilwanyana emva kweeveki ezintathu zokuthatha isicatshulwa somkhiwane.
Abaphandi bachaza umphumo wesicatshulwa somkhiwane kuxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwii-phytochemicals eziqulethwe. Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, ezi ziyaziwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo. Ukutya amakhiwane ke ngoko kusenokunceda ekwehliseni uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
Amakhiwane anciphisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol
Omnye umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo yi-cholesterol ephezulu. Olunye uphononongo kwiigundane lubonise ukuba xa zongezwa kwi-fat-fat diet kwiiveki ezisibhozo, amakhiwane anciphisa "i-cholesterol embi" ye-LDL ngelixa i-cholesterol "elungileyo" ye-HDL yanda. Ixabiso eliphezulu leLDL ngokukodwa ligqalwa njengonobangela wengozi yesifo sentliziyo. Abaphandi baphinde bathi le mpembelelo kwi-phytochemicals kumakhiwane - ngakumbi i-flavonoid rutin.
Incindi yobisi yekhiwane inceda kwiintsumpa
Elinye iyeza lasekhaya elenziwa ngamakhiwane yincindi yobisi. Ifunyanwa kumakhiwane asandul’ ukuvunwa, angekavuthwa kwaye abekwe ngqo kwiintsumpa. Kuphononongo oluncinci olunezifundo ezingama-25, abaphandi baseIran bajonga ukuba ngaba oku kuyanceda ngokwenene: Iziphumo zikwenza kucace ukuba ijusi yobisi yomkhiwane ifezekisa iziphumo ezithelekisekayo kunyango lweentsumpa ngonyango olubandayo. Kwi-11 yezigulane, i-wart yanyamalala ngokusetyenziswa komkhiwane - kwizigulane ze-14 ngokusebenzisa unyango olubandayo. Emva kweenyanga ze-6, ezinye iimfazwe ziye zabuya, kwiqela elibandayo kwi-20 ekhulwini lezifundo, kwiqela lomkhiwane kuphela kwi-8 ekhulwini.
Amakhiwane angekavuthwa avunwa ngesandla kwaye ithontsi lencindi yobisi ephuma kwisiqu sesiqhamo safakwa kwintsumpa. Oku kwaphindwa ubuncinane iintsuku ezine. Xa kuthelekiswa nonyango olubandayo, olusebenzisa i-nitrogen engamanzi "ukukhenkcela" i-wart, unyango ngejusi yobisi lomkhiwane alubuhlungu.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, isicelo somkhiwane sithatha ukuba unomthi womkhiwane ekhaya. Indlela yokutyala umkhiwane ichazwe ngezantsi kwisicatshulwa. Imithi yamakhiwane ayijongi nje ukuhombisa kodwa inokuvelisa iziqhamo ezimnandi kuMbindi Yurophu - ifuthe lencindi yobisi kwiintsumpa yinto encinci yokudibanisa. Ekubeni incindi yobisi yomthi womkhiwane iqulethe i-latex, akufanele isetyenziswe ukuba awuhambisani ne-latex. Ijusi yobisi kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza kwaye kuphela kwi-wart, njengoko ingakhokelela ekuqhumeni kwesikhumba. Nangona kunjalo, kwisifundo esingentla, imiphumo emibi (intlungu, ukutshisa) yabonwa kuphela ngonyango olubandayo, kungekhona ngokusetyenziswa kwejusi yobisi.
Ukuthenga amakhiwane - kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kule nto
Amakhiwane amatsha afumaneka ngokubanzi kwiivenkile ezinkulu kumbindi weYurophu unyaka wonke. Ukususela ngoJulayi ukuya kuNovemba zivela kummandla weMeditera - ixesha eliseleyo zisuka kude, umzekelo eBrazil okanye e-USA, nto leyo eyenza ukuba incasa incinci encinci.
Amakhiwane kufuneka athengwe evuthiwe, kuba awasayi kuphinda avuthwe emva kokuvuna. Ungawabona amakhiwane avuthiweyo ngoncedo lovavanyo loxinzelelo. Ukuba ulusu luyayeka xa ulucinezela kancinci, isiqhamo sivuthiwe – kodwa akufunekanga sibe mushy.
Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi kumakhiwane
Amakhiwane aneentsalela ezimbalwa zesitshabalalisi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iziqhamo. Esi yaba sisiphumo sovavanyo lwamakhiwane akhule ngokwesiqhelo, olwenziwa ngo-2019 yiOfisi yoPhando lweMichiza kunye neVeterinary eStuttgart. Kwiisampulu ezilishumi elinanye, ezine ziqulathe iintsalela, enye yazo iqulethe iintsalela ezininzi. Elona nqanaba liphezulu aligqithwanga.
Kudidi lwe "Exotic Fruits", umkhiwane wawuyenye yezona ntlobo zeziqhamo. Ukuthelekisa: Kwiimango ze-36 ezihlolwe, i-34 iqulethe iintsalela - ezine zazo zigqithise amaxabiso aphezulu.
Amakhiwane omisiweyo adla ngokwenza switi
Xa uthenga amakhiwane omisiweyo, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba awaqukethe iswekile eyongezelelweyo. Kule meko, ukupakishwa kudla ngokuthi "ushukela", kodwa ngaphandle koko, iswekile nayo idweliswe kwizithako. Njengoko unokubona kwicandelo lezondlo, amakhiwane omisiwe sele equlethe inqanaba eliphezulu leshukela yeziqhamo, ngoko akukho mfuneko yeswekile eyongezelelweyo.
Zikhuliseleni awakho amakhiwane
Imithi yamakhiwane ikhetha imozulu eyomileyo neshushu. Ndiyabulela kwiintlobo eziqinileyo, nangona kunjalo, ziphinde ziphumelele kuMbindi Yurophu - nakwiibhubhu. Iindidi eziqinileyo umz. B. Madeleine des deux Saisons, Brown Turkey, Desert King, Negronne, Dalmatie okanye Ronde de Bordeaux. Ezi ndidi ziyithatha kakuhle iqabaka. Noko ke, ngokusisiseko imithi yomkhiwane ifuna indawo enelanga neshushu kangangoko ukuze iziqhamo zayo zibe nevumba elimnandi nezinencindi. Nangona kunjalo, imithi akufuneki ibe phantsi kwamaqondo obushushu ahlala ixesha elide.
Ngokuxhomekeke kudidi, amakhiwane angavunwa kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka. I-Turkey yaseBrown, umzekelo, ingavunwa ehlotyeni nasekwindla. Isiqhamo sivuthwa xa ulusu lunika kancinci xa lucinezelwe. Amakhiwane avuthiweyo nawo anokuxwilwa lula kwisikhondo ngesandla. Imithi yamakhiwane kulula kakhulu ukuyikhathalela kwaye izise i-Meditera flair kwigadi yakho okanye kwibalcony.
Yidla amakhiwane kunye okanye ngaphandle kwesikhumba
Ekubeni ulusu lomkhiwane lunezinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, bekuya kuba lihlazo ukungalityi. Ngaphambi kokuba usitye, hlamba isiqhamo ngononophelo kwaye usike okanye usijije. Ukuba akufuni kutya ulusu, ungasika umkhiwane ube phakathi uze ulicefe.
Indlela yokugcina ngokufanelekileyo amakhiwane
Amakhiwane anencasa kakhulu xa etyiwa esematsha. Zikwayonakalisa ngokukhawuleza, yiyo loo nto akufanele uzigcine ixesha elide. Amakhiwane agcina malunga neentsuku ezimbini ngaphandle kwefriji - iintsuku ezintathu ukuya ezintlanu efrijini, apho alahlekelwa yiphunga lawo.
Umkhenkce amakhiwane
Amakhiwane amatsha anokukhenkceka—kodwa adla ngokuba ngudaka xa enyibilikisiwe. Kodwa ke zisenokwenziwa ngokumangalisayo zibe jam okanye zisetyenziselwe ukubhaka. Hlamba amakhiwane kakuhle kwangaphambili, uwanqumle abe ngamacandelo okanye iikota, kwaye ubeke iziqwenga kwisikhenkcisi esifanelekileyo. Ungawakhenkcezisi amakhiwane asele ebomvana okanye akrazukile.
