John Myers
Amahlathi abubutyebi bokwenene bomhlaba wethu. Amahlathi anokulwa ubuhlwempu obugqithiseleyo nendlala kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Kuba amahlathi angawona abonelela ngokutya okusempilweni. Ngoku ihlabathi labaphandi liye laqaphela ukuba amahlathi amaninzi akayi kusombulula ingxaki yemozulu kuphela, kodwa kunye nengxaki yendlala. Hayi nje nawaphi na amahlathi, kunjalo. Isicombululo iya kuba zizitiya zehlathi! Ukutya okuvela kwizitiya zamahlathi kunezondlo, akubizi, kwaye kusempilweni!
Ihlathi: Owona Mthombo Wokutya Usempilweni
Umntu omnye kwabasithoba ehlabathini uthwaxwa yindlala, ingakumbi eAfrika okanye eAsia.
Amazwe ahlwempuzekileyo adla ngokunikwa ukutya okunjengomgubo wobisi nokutya okuziinkozo ukuze kupheliswe ingxaki yendlala. Unokuphila ngayo ukuba kuyimfuneko, kodwa ayiphilile kwixesha elide - kungekhona kubantu okanye ikamva labo.
Kwelinye icala, amahlathi ayengenako ukucombulula ingxaki yendlala kuphela kodwa kwanezinye iingxaki ezininzi. Babengayi kunika abantu okona kutya kusempilweni. Amahlathi nawo aya kudala iimbono kwakhona - njengoko ngoku kubonisiwe ngohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha ngoososayensi abangaphezu kwama-60 abavela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi.
INgxelo yeHlathi yapapashwa lolona thungelwano likhulu lehlabathi labaphandi bamahlathi – iManyano yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoPhando lwamaHlathi (IUFRO).
Ibethelela ukubaluleka kokulondoloza okanye ukubuyisela indlela yokungena ehlathini kwabo bangamahlwempu ehlabathini. Ngenxa yokuba ihlathi limela owona mthombo wokutya usemgangathweni nowona usempilweni. Yaye akuphelelanga apho!
Amahlathi asindisa ubomi!
Amahlathi nawo abonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala, iinkuni zokubasa, kunye nezixhobo zokwakha, zinokucothisa ukuguquka kwemozulu, kwaye kwangaxeshanye zikhusele kwiizaqhwithi kunye nosoyikiso lokukhukuliseka komhlaba kuyo yonke indawo - okungenakuthethwa ngamasimi ethu emveli konke konke.
Okuphikisanayo! Amandla okuvelisa amasimi ahlala enqongophele, imihlaba iya iphelelwa ngamandla, umoya ukhala ngokungathintekiyo phezu kwawo kwaye, ngokumangalisayo, amahlathi amaninzi atshatyalaliswa ukudala amasimi amatsha.
Ngokucacileyo, ukwandiswa komhlaba olimekayo kubangele ilahleko efikelela kuma-73 ekhulwini ehlabathini lonke.
Nangona kunjalo, kucacile ukuba abemi behlabathi abanakondliwa ngolimo oluqhelekileyo lwamasimi kuphela.
Noko ke, amahlathi ayenokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ukutya okukowona mgangatho uphakamileyo kwimimandla emininzi ethwaxwa yindlala nobuhlwempu.
Amahlathi awanayo imozulu nemozulu
“Imveliso eninzi yemveliso yezolimo isesichengeni kakhulu kwiimeko zemozulu ezimandundu, ezinokuxhaphaka ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ubungqina bezenzululwazi bubonisa ukuba amahlathi alapha akanabungozi kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuwalawula,” utshilo uChristoph Wildberger, umququzeleli weGlobal Forest Expert Panel Initiative (GFEP), eyasungulwa yi-IUFRO.
Kwaye uBhaskar Vira ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge, ongusihlalo weGlobal Forest Expert Panel kumaHlathi kunye noKhuseleko lokutya, wongeza:
"Kwisifundo, sibonisa imizekelo enomdla ejolise ekuboniseni ngokucacileyo indlela amahlathi kunye nemithi eyongezelelekileyo ngayo kwimveliso yezolimo kwaye - ngakumbi kwimimandla yehlabathi ethwaxwa kakhulu likamva - inokufaka isandla kwingeniso yabantu abahlala apho. .”
Imigangatho emine yegadi yehlathi
Kambe ke, asithethi ngezityalo eziqhelekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba ngamahlathi kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho. Kuba ihlathi lespruce okanye i-oki alinako ukondla umntu.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amahlathi amandulo, abizwa ngokuba ziigadi zehlathi, afunwa kakhulu. Ezi ziinkcubeko ezixubileyo ezibekwe phezu "kwamabali" amaninzi kwaye zifuna ukunakekelwa okuncinci.
- Imifuno, izityalo zasendle, kunye nemifuno engapheliyo ikhula kakuhle kumgangatho wokuqala.
- Amatyholo eBerry kumgangatho wesibini.
- Kumgangatho wesithathu kukho imithi yeziqhamo ephantsi nemithi emincinane yandongomane, yaye kwimimandla eshushu kukho neebhanana nepapaya.
- Kumgangatho wesine, imithi emide (umz. amandongomane, iiavokhado), imithi yesundu (umzekelo, ikhokhonathi, idatiti), kunye nezityalo ezinyukayo (iidiliya, iziqhamo zothando, njl. njl.) zikhula kuyo yonke imigangatho.
Ubomi obuvela ehlathini: ukutya, imathiriyeli yokwakha & amafutha
Amahlathi alolu hlobo abonelela ngokutya okwahlukileyo kakhulu kunye nemithombo:
Iziqhamo zomthi njengokutya
Iziqhamo zemithi azizoziqhamo nje njengoko sizazi. Kukutya okufanelekileyo, kwanokutya okuqhelekileyo.
Ukongeza kwiziqhamo eziqhelekileyo, iziqhamo zomthi zikwaquka amandongomane, iiavokhado, i-carob, i-durian, i-breadfruit, i-sapota, i-safe, kunye nezinye iziqhamo ezininzi ze-tropics, ezihlala zityebile ngamafutha kunye neprotheni.
Iziqhamo zomthi zihlala zizityebi kakhulu kwiivithamini kunye neeminerali kwaye ke zinokubonelela ngesiseko sokutya okwahlukeneyo okunempilo kunokutya okwenziwa ngeenkozo, umzekelo.
Umzekelo, isiqulatho se-iron kwimbewu eyomisiweyo yomthi we-carob yase-Afrika okanye i-cashew nuts ekrwada ithelekiseka okanye iphezulu kakhulu kunomthamo we-iron kwinyama yenkukhu.
Ukutya kwezilwanyana – Inyama yezilwanyana zasendle
Apho kukho amahlathi, kukho nezilwanyana ezininzi. Izilwanyana zasendle zifumana indawo yazo yokuhlala kwakhona - kwaye apho kukho imithombo yamanzi, iintlanzi zingabanjwa.
KuMzantsi-mpuma Asia, izinambuzane zikwadlala indima enkulu kwisondlo. Umzekelo, i-fat magot ye-sago palm weevil ngumthombo obalulekileyo weprotheyini kwezinye iingingqi.
Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba kubi, kungenxa yokuba awuyiqhelanga. Ngokusisiseko, ukutya intwana yeempethu akuyolisi njengokutya iqhekeza lenyama. Kwaye ukuba ukhulele e-Asia-mpuma ye-Asiya, iya kuba yeyona nto iqhelekileyo kwihlabathi kuwe - njengokuba ukutya iinkumba kuyinto entle kumntu ongumFrentshi okanye waseSpain.
Izinambuzane zibonelela ngexabiso eliphantsi kunye nomthombo omkhulu weprotheyini, amafutha, iivithamini, kunye neemaminerali - ngokufutshane, ukutya okufanelekileyo, ubuncinane xa kuthelekiswa neminye imithombo yeprotheni yezilwanyana.
Ngenxa yoko, amahlathi amaninzi kunye neendawo zamahlathi e-Asia-mpuma ye-Asia sele zilawulwa luluntu olucwangcisiweyo lwasekuhlaleni olujolise ekwandiseni ubuninzi bezinambuzane ezidliwayo.
Iinkuni kunye neenkuni zokwakha
Kakade ke, amahlathi akwangumthombo weenkuni namalahle. Oku kuvumela abantu ukuba babilise amanzi kwaye ngaloo ndlela bazikhusele kwizifo. Bangakwazi ukulungiselela izidlo kwaye kunjalo, bafudumeze izindlu zabo. Kwaye unokwakha izindlu ngamaplanga.
Ukutya nendawo yokuhlala yemfuyo
Amahlathi akwasebenza njengendawo yokuhlala iinyosi nabanye abahambisa ipoleni yaye ngaloo ndlela aqinisekisa isivuno esihle seziqhamo nemifuno. Ngokukwanjalo, imithi emininzi enamagqabi avuthulukayo inokusetyenziswa njengesondlo sezilwanyana, ukuze amahlathi kwiindawo ezininzi enze kube nokwenzeka ukuveliswa kwenyama nobisi kwasekuqaleni.
Amahlathi njengomthombo wengeniso
Ingxelo Yehlathi ikwachaza ukuba phantse wonke umntu wesithandathu uxhomekeke ehlathini ukuze afumane ukutya okanye kwanomvuzo.
Kwi-Sahel, imithi kunye nemithombo ehambelana nayo imele malunga ne-80 yepesenti yengeniso epheleleyo, eyona nto ibangelwa yimveliso ye-shea nut.
Ngaphezu koko, ekubeni inqanaba elisezantsi lempumelelo, liphezulu isabelo esinamahlathi kwingeniso yekhaya, kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokulondoloza amahlathi kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo zehlabathi okanye ukutyalwa kwamahlathi – ingakumbi lawo achatshazelwa yimbalela kunye nembalela. ukumelana nezinye imozulu capers.
Ngokomzekelo, kwilizwe laseAfrika iTanzania, sele kukho iphulo lokwandisa imveliso yembewu ebizwa ngokuba yiAllan Lacki. I-oyile etyiwayo inokufumaneka koku, enokuba namandla amakhulu kwimarike yokutya yehlabathi.
Iigadi zehlathi zokutya okunempilo kwihlabathi jikelele
Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo amahlathi afanele abe nendima ebaluleke gqitha ekuvelisweni kokutya kwethu ehlabathini lonke.
Iziqhamo zayo kufuneka zincedisane nezityalo eziqhelekileyo ngendlela yokuba kungabikho masimi ongezelelweyo kufuneka adalwe. Ewe, bekuya kuba kuhle ukujika amasimi abe zizitiya zehlathi.
Nangona kunjalo, oko akulula kangako - ubuncinci hayi kwimimandla yaseYurophu.
Ukuba unentsimi, zama ukufumana iphepha-mvume legadi yehlathi uze uvelise ukutya okusempilweni. Ayizukuba lula, kodwa umntu kufuneka aqale…
Akuyi kuba lula kumazwe ehlabathi lesithathu. Kuba iMonsanto & Co ilawula apho, kwaye ehlathini, awunakusasaza imbewu yemfuza okanye utshize iRoundup…
Ngamaxesha eentlekele, amahlathi anokuba nembuyekezo yokunqongophala kokutya okunxulumene noko. Ngenxa yokuba xa kufika amaxesha embalela, ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso emarike, ungquzulwano lwezixhobo nezinye iingxaki, ukuveliswa kokutya okuqhelekileyo kuyema. Amahlathi ayenokuyibamba aze ayikhusele.
Mhlawumbi ingxelo yehlathi ikwanokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ekugqibeleni amahlathi afumana uxabiso alufaneleyo! Emva koko, kwabonakala kungekudala ngaphambi kwenkcazo yokugqibela yeenjongo zokuzinza zeZizwe eziManyeneyo, ezo, ngaphezu kweminye imingeni yehlabathi, eyona nto ijoliswe ekunciphiseni ubuhlwempu nendlala.
INgxelo yeWald ibonelela ngezimvo ezixabisekileyo malunga nokuba i-UN ingenza ntoni ukuze ifezekise injongo yayo yokuphelisa indlala yehlabathi ngo-2025.
Hayi indlela ebekuya kuba mnandi ngayo ukuba ihlathi nokutya kwalo bekuvunyelwe ukuba kube nendima ebalulekileyo koku!
