John Myers
[lwptoc]
Ngaphandle kwezinto ezinegwele, intlama ibingayi kuvuka: isonka, iiroli, iikeyiki nepizza beziya kuba ngamaqhuma aqinileyo, angatyiwayo. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye i-agent enegwele kwaye yeyiphi ekhoyo?
Yintoni igwele?
Ii-agent zokunyusa zikhulula intlama ngokubunjwa kwegesi: Amaqamza abe ngama-pores phantsi kwefuthe lobushushu - oku kudala i-crumb eqhelekileyo yeempahla ezibhakiweyo esizithandayo kakhulu. Ukwahlula kunokwenziwa phakathi kweekhemikhali kunye nee-agent zegwele zendalo. Njengezithinteli, izinto ezahlukeneyo eziveliswe ngokwenziwa zihlala zinegama elibi, kodwa zivunyiwe njengezongezo zokutya kwaye ke zihlelwa njengezingenabungozi. Ngoko ke, akuyonyani ukuba ii-agent zekhemikhali ezinegwele azikho mpilweni. Nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho abantu apho amacandelo athile ee-arhente ezikhululayo angagaywanga. Nabani na onesifo sezintso kufuneka akuphephe ukutya okuqukethe i-phosphate, njengomgubo wokubhaka oqhelekileyo.
Iikhemikhali zokunyusa iikhemikhali: umgubo wokubhaka, i-soda yokubhaka, ityuwa ye-staghorn, i-potash
Umgubo wokubhaka unamacandelo amathathu: igwele, i-agent agent kunye ne-acidifier. Le yokugqibela iqulethe i-phosphates kwi-powder yokubhaka eqhelekileyo. I-tartar yokubhaka powder isebenzisa i-asidi ye-tartaric yendalo endaweni yoko. Ngoko ke ibizwa ngokuba yi-phosphate-free kwaye nayo ayinagluten kuba ayinaso nasiphi na isitashi njenge-arhente yokukhulula. I-sodium bicarbonate, eyenziwa yi-asidi, inika amandla okuqhuba umgubo wokubhaka. Sesona sithako sikwisoda yokubhaka, ebizwa ngokuba yisoda yokubhaka kwiiresiphi zaseMelika. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni isoda yokubhaka? Kulwazi lwethu lobuchwephesha sikuchazela ngokweenkcukacha.
Ukuba ufuna ukubhaka ngesoda yokubhaka, udinga iasidi njengesithako kwintlama. Oku kunokuba yijusi yelamuni, iviniga, iyogathi, kunye nokunye. Unokwenza eyakho i-soda yokubhaka kunye ne-asidi evelisa igwele ngokuxuba i-1/4 itispuni yesoda yokubhaka kunye ne-1/2 ithisipuni yeviniga okanye ijusi yelamuni. Oko kumalunga nokulingana netispuni yomgubo wokubhaka. Ngelixa umgubo wokubhaka kunye nesoda yokubhaka zidla ngokuba ziiarhente zokukhulisa i-vegan kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela ukwenza i-batter kunye nentlama yesonka, ezinye ii-agent zokunyusa iikhemikhali ziyafumaneka kwiimpahla ezithile ezibhakiweyo. I-pastries eflethi efana ne-gingerbread, i-American, kunye ne-speculoos inokwenziwa ngetyuwa yexhama okanye i-potash.
I-Leavening agents ezivela kwindalo: igwele, i-sourdough, kunye negwele lokubhaka
Igwele lendalo elinesiko elide liyigwele. Igwele legwele liqukethe iinkcubeko zefungal ezibilisa iswekile kunye nesitashi kwi-alcohol kunye ne-carbon dioxide ngexesha lokunyuka kwentlama. Unokukhetha phakathi kwegwele elitsha elivela kwicandelo lefriji kunye nemvubelo eyomileyo ehlala ixesha elide. Le yokugqibela kulula ukuyiqhuba. I-Sourdough isebenza ngendlela efanayo, kodwa apha ibhaktheriya ye-lactic acid kunye ne-sourdough yeast inoxanduva lokuqhuba amandla. Ukuba ufuna ukubhaka isonka kunye nemiqulu - i-domain ye-yeast kunye ne-sourdough - ngaphandle kweenkcubeko zemvubelo, ungasebenzisa i-baking ferment. Imveliso eyomileyo iquka iinkozo, ubusi, kunye nomgubo we-legume. Isetyenziswa njengentlama emuncu kwinkqubo yentlama enezigaba ezininzi.
Hi ndlela leyi: Amanzi anezimbiwa kunye nabamhlophe beqanda abethiweyo nazo ziindlela ezinokusetyenziswa endaweni yomgubo wokubhaka.
