Micah Stanley
[lwptoc]
Ngokuphindaphindiwe, kuthiwa ukwatapheya uyinhlekelele yemvelo, ukudla okuphezulu okunokulinganisela okubi kwemvelo. Eqinisweni, ukwatapheya uwukudla okuseqophelweni eliphezulu okungekho kubi kakhulu kunokunye ukudla okuningi ngokulingana kwemvelo.
Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wempilo kakotapheya
Kusukela ngo-2016, i-Die Zeit yabhala "Ngenganekwane ye-avocado enhle" futhi yachaza i-exotic emise okwepheya njengokungabazekayo kakhulu kwezemvelo. Ngaleso sikhathi, umbhali we-Zeit ohambisanayo wazibuza ukuthi ngabe "kuhle ngempela emhlabeni uma abathengi baseJalimane beshintsha ingulube nebhotela ngezintaba zikakotapheya".
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi cishe akekho umuntu odla "izintaba zikakotapheya" ngoba ungase wenze idiphu noma isoso kuzo, uhlanganise isithelo ku-smoothie noma usihlanganise nesaladi, ukuze ungawasebenzisi njengokudla okuyisisekelo. Nokho, uma empeleni ubufuna ukudla isithelo esikhundleni senyama yengulube nebhotela, izintaba beziyovela ngempela kuso. Sihlola ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wempilo kakotapheya futhi siwuqhathanise isb. naleyo yengulube nebhotela.
Kudliwa ukotapheya omningi
Ngenkathi kuphela amathani angama-60,000 ama-avocado angeniswa eJalimane ngo-2016, ngawo lowo nyaka amathani ayizigidi ezingu-5.57 engulube (okulingana nezingulube eziyizigidi ezingu-60 ezibulewe) kanye namathani angama-516,000 ebhotela akhiqizwa eJalimane kuphela. Ngakho-ke, amaJalimane adla inyama yengulube cishe ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyikhulu kunokwatapheya kanye nebhotela eliphindwe izikhathi eziphindwe ka-100.
Izinkinga zemvelo zokukhiqizwa kwenyama nobisi zaziwa kakhulu. Bekungeke yini kube ngcono ngempela ukushintshela kumakotapheya? Ake sibheke ukugxeka okubekwe kukwatapheya.
Okugxekwayo ngokwatapheya akukhona okungaphakathi kwawo, ngoba amafutha namavithamini awo anempilo kakhulu, kodwa ukulingana kwawo kwemvelo kuyagxekwa, kodwa okokuqala kunakho konke okusemandleni awo okushintsha indawo kanye nokutshala kwawo okusolwa ukuthi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukubonisa lokhu, i-Die Zeit ithatha umfundi ithathe uhambo oluya e-Afrika.
Amasimu kakotapheya ashintsha indawo
Kubikwa epulazini likakotapheya esifundazweni saseNingizimu Afrika saseLimpopo, lapho ungavakashela khona “i-avocado mania”. Isimo sichazwa kanje: “Ngeke kusaba nehlathi eliwugwadule, notshani obunsundu, nezindlu zikathayela zakwaZulu, izinja zingasekho, esikhundleni salokho: izihlahla zikakotapheya. Njengoba iso lingabona. […] elingana, cishe amamitha amabili, amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, njengokungathi uthuli nesomiso ngeke kuwalimaze.”
Kuzwakala sengathi indawo ibone intuthuko. Ngoba izihlahla zihlala zingcono kunezinja ezigijimayo, uthuli, nesomiso. Ngokusobala, alikho ihlathi lemvula elasuswa ezihlahleni zikakotapheya, elihluke kakhulu kunesoya, elidingekayo njengokudla kwezingulube nezinkomo.
Ukutshalwa kwezihlahla ezindaweni ezinesomiso ku-permaculture cishe kubhekwa njenge-panacea yezifunda ezingavundile kanye nokusindisa isimo sezulu. Izihlahla zingaphakamisa amatafula amanzi, zivikele ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, futhi zaziwa ngokwenza imvula ibe lula. Ihlathi elixubile lingaba ngcono kune-monoculture, kodwa lakamuva liyoba ngcono kunendawo egugulekile lapho ukuphila kungenakwenzeka khona. Ngakho-ke kulesi sibonelo, ungathi ukwatapheya uguqule indawo yaba ngcono.
Ukutshala ukwatapheya akuyinkimbinkimbi
Bese iqhubeka nezinsolo zokuthi ukotapheya uyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela exakile. Ukuxhunyelelwa kwezihlahla zikakotapheya kuchazwa kabanzi njengokungathi lesi sinyathelo siyinto eyenza isihlahla sikakwatapheya sibe inkimbinkimbi. Kodwa kulezi zinsuku azikho nhlobo izihlahla zezithelo ezingaxhunyelelwanga, okungenani hhayi ekulinyweni kwezithelo zokuhweba.
Kunalokho, sicela uzame ukuthola okuthiwa isihlahla sesithelo esingacushiwe. Ngokuvamile kunezindawo zokunakekelwa kwezingane kuphela zabathandi bezingadi zemvelo abanikeza izinto ezinjalo, kodwa i-nursery evamile yesihlahla ngokuqinisekile ayikwenzi. Ngakho-ke ngeke kube ukuqeda okuguqula isihlahla sikakwatapheya sibe into eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Abalimi abancane bakakotapheya abambalwa nabancane
Bese kugxekwa ukuthi ayancipha amapulazi amakhulu kakotapheya, kanti maningi amapulazi amancane anyamalalayo. Nalapha futhi, lena akuyona yodwa inkinga ehambisana nokutshala ukwatapheya, kodwa inkinga ebonakala ikhona yonke indawo. Ngakho-ke kukhona abalimi abancane abancane abakhiqiza ubisi, izitolo zomama-no-pop ezimbalwa nezimbalwa, amabhizinisi amancane amancane nambalwa, izitolo zezincwadi ezincane nezimbalwa, izitolo zama-electronics ezincane nezimbalwa, njll.
Okubi ngebhalansi yemvelo: ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kakotapheya
Kunoma yikuphi, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okuphezulu kwe-avocado kubi kakhulu ebhalansi yemvelo ye-avocado, ikakhulukazi uma ikhule ezindaweni ezomile. Nakuba ikhilogremu likatamatisi lidlula cishe ngamalitha angu-180 amanzi ngokwesilinganiso, ikhilogremu likaulethisi elinamalitha angaba ngu-130, nekhilogremu likakotapheya lisebenzisa amalitha ayinkulungwane. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ucabanga ukuthi ukwatapheya unesisindo esingu-1,000 g, uphetha amalitha ayi-400 amanzi kumakotapheya amabili nesigamu.
Kodwa-ke, isithombe sekhava se-athikili ye-Zeit sibonisa ukwatapheya we-Hass. Lokhu akuvamile ukuba nesisindo esingaphezu kwama-200 g. Futhi kakade akhona okungenani ama-avocado amaningi ngokuphindwe kabili kumalitha ayi-1,000 amanzi. Lokho akukabi isivuno esiphezulu ikakhulukazi, futhi amakhilogremu angamakhilogremu, kodwa inombolo ephansi, indaba izwakala kakhulu futhi yilokho kanye ofuna ukukufeza.
Ubisi kanye nejusi ye-apula kudinga inani elifanayo lamanzi
Uma manje ubheka isidingo samanzi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ibhalansi yemvelo yokunye ukudla, kusheshe kucace ukuthi ukwatapheya awumeleli inhlekelele enkulu yemvelo kunobisi nejusi ye-apula ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwawo amanzi kuphela, futhi akanalo ngisho nokuningi. ibhalansi yemvelo embi kakhulu kunekhofi.
Lokhu kudinga amalitha ayi-140 amanzi inkomishi ngayinye (7 g kabhontshisi wekhofi/impushana), cishe alingana nama-200 g kakotapheya. Inkinga lapha, nokho, ukuthi ukwatapheya awudliwa noma kuphi eduze namanani asetshenziswa ikhofi. Kakade, ubani onamathela enkomishini eyodwa nje yekhofi ngosuku?
Phela, inyama idinga inani lamanzi eliphindwe kane kuya kweziyishumi nanhlanu ngekhilogremu likakotapheya, ushizi izikhathi ezinhlanu, namaqanda izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezintathu, ngakho-ke ngicela uzihlulele ngokwakho ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okuzobangela ukubhidlika komhlaba wethu. Akuwona neze ukwatapheya.
140 amalitha amanzi enkomishini yekhofi
Isizindalwazi se-Virtual Water siphawula ukuthi amalitha angu-140 adingekayo enkomishini yekhofi asengaphezu kwesilinganiso esisetshenziswa nsuku zonke samanzi okuphuza amalitha angu-125 umuntu ngamunye. Esifundeni sethu, ikhofi okungenani alidingekile njenge-avocado, uma kungenjalo ngisho nangaphezulu, ngoba akuyona ukudla, kodwa ukudla okunethezeka futhi livela ezindaweni ezishisayo, okungukuthi lihambe ibanga elide ngakho-ke empeleni liyikho konke. ngokombono wabagxeki bakakotapheya ngaphandle kokwamukeleka ngokwezemvelo (bheka isigaba esilandelayo).
Uma wonke umuntu ubengadla amakhilogremu angama-40 kakotapheya ngonyaka esikhundleni samakhilogremu angama-40 enyama yengulube, lokho bekuzohambisana nokongiwa kwamanzi angama-150,000 amalitha umuntu ngamunye ngonyaka.
Ngokombono wokudla okunomsoco, noma kunjalo, akunangqondo ukuqhathanisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngekhilogremu ngayinye. Ngoba ngemva kokwatapheya ababili (400 g) ucishe uzizwe ugcwele. Ngemuva kwamatamatisi amabili amakhulu noma ulethisi, mhlawumbe akunjalo. Mhlawumbe-ke umuntu kufanele aqhathanise ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nge-kilocalories ngayinye. Kodwa-ke izinto zibukeka zihluke kakhulu. Khona-ke utamatisi udinga amanzi angamaphesenti angu-50 ngaphezu kukakotapheya. Ibhalansi yemvelo kakotapheya ayicishe ibe yimbi njengoba siholelwa ekukholweni uma kuqhathaniswa nokunye ukudla.
Uhlu: ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kokudla
Ngezansi kunohlu lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kokunye ukudla:
- 15,450 amalitha amanzi ngekhilogremu eyodwa yenyama yenkomo
- Amalitha angama-21,000 ngekhilogremu yekhofi eligazingiwe (amalitha ayi-140 ngenkomishi engu-7 g)
- 5,000 amalitha ngekhilogremu eyodwa kashizi
- 4,800 amalitha ngekhilogremu eyodwa yengulube
- 3,900 amalitha ngekhilogremu eyodwa yenyama yenkukhu
- 3,400 amalitha ngekhilogremu eyodwa yerayisi
- 3,300 amalitha ngekhilogremu eyodwa yamaqanda
- 2,800 amalitha ngekhilogremu eyodwa yamabele
- Amalitha angama-2,400 we-McDo burger…
- 1,470 amalitha ngekhilogremu eyodwa ye-asparagus
- 1,300 amalitha ngekhilogremu eyodwa kakolweni
- 1,000 amalitha ilitha elilodwa lobisi
- 950 litre ilitha elilodwa lejusi yama-apula
- 900 amalitha ngekhilogremu eyodwa yommbila
- 860 amalitha ngekhilogremu eyodwa kabhanana
- 700 amalitha ngekhilogremu eyodwa yama-aphula
Imizila emide yezokuthutha ayiyona into ekhethekile
Khona-ke, esihlokweni seZeit, ukwatapheya usolwa ngomzila omude wokuthutha okufanele uhambe kuze kube yilapho usuhlala eshalofini lesitolo. Okokuqala ngeloli eya ogwini, bese kuba nge-air-conditioning, okungukuthi i-energy-guzzling, umkhumbi uye echwebeni laseYurophu futhi usuka lapho uye kubathengisi bezitolo nabathengisi. Njengoba engawabekezeleli kahle amaqhuqhuva, ukwatapheya udinga izinto eziningi zokupakisha, okuqhubeka kwandisa ibhalansi yawo yemvelo.
Wonke la maphuzu asebenza cishe kukho konke ukudla okuthunyelwa eYurophu kusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo. Kunoma yikuphi, umzamo ohilelekile ngebhanana ubukeka uphakeme kakhulu, kodwa akekho onentshisekelo ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu usejwayele kakhulu ubhanana.
Ukubheka kwamanje esitolo esikhulu - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-organic noma evamile - kukhombisa (ngoSepthemba 2018) ukuthi ukwatapheya uvame ukunikezwa ungapakishwanga emabhokisini amancane, aphansi amakhadibhodi. Amabhokisi awagqitshwanga ngisho nezinto ezifakwa epulasitiki. Yebo, ezinye izitolo ezinkulu ezidumile (i-Lidl) zinikeza ngisho nokwatapheya ngamanethi angu-400-gram ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi impahla yokupakisha eyengeziwe. Ngokusho kwe-Die Zeit, inethi sekumele ibe ne-avocado eyodwa. Nokho, kukhona ezine.
Ubhanana nenyama nakho kuya ezindlini zokuvuthwa
Ekugcineni, yigumbi elivuthwayo eliye lagxekwa kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenzisa amandla futhi kuthiwa likhubaza ibhalansi yemvelo kakotapheya nakakhulu. Lapho, omunye ukotapheya uchitha izinsuku eziyisithupha (ezibhalwe ukuthi “ngidle” noma “ukulungele ukudliwa”) ngaphambi kokufika esitolo. Ngoba ukotapheya ngokujwayelekile usaqinile futhi uthatha amasonto amabili uze ulungele ukudliwa. Ngakho-ke, kunzima kubantu abaningi ukuba bafake ekudleni kwabo, okwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwamagumbi okuvuthwa.
Kodwa-ke, usenakho ukukhetha ukufinyelela kuma-avocados abengekho emakamelweni okuvuthwa. Kodwa njengoba kwaziwa, inyama yenkomo ibuye igcinwe emakamelweni okuvuthwa izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke umuntu ukhuluma ngobungcweti “ngokuzikhipha”, kuyilapho kusobala ukuthi kuyacasula ukuthi ukotapheya uhlale emakamelweni okuvuthwa. Okunye ukudla okuningi kuze kugcinwe izinyanga emakamelweni aneziphephetha-moya (okubizwa ngokuthi izitolo ze-CA), njengamazambane noma ama-apula, ukuze lokhu kudla nakho kugxekwe ngokulinganisela kwakho kwemvelo okungekuhle.
Azikho izinsalela zesibulala-zinambuzane kukwatapheya
Nakuba ezinye izingosi ze-inthanethi zithi ukwatapheya uphethe ingozi embi kakhulu, okuyizibulala-zinambuzane esikhumbeni, empeleni, ukwatapheya ungenye ye-Clean 15, okungukuthi izithelo ezingu-15 ezinenani elincane lezibulala-zinambuzane. Cishe ayithandeki nhlobo ezinambuzaneni ngenxa yegobolondo layo eliwugqinsi neliqinile futhi ayijwayelene nezifo ezikhunta.
Ngakho-ke azikho izinsalela zesibulala-zinambuzane esithelweni - futhi uma kunjalo, izinsalela zama-ejenti kuphela ezisetshenziswa esithelweni samawolintshi ngemva kokuvuna ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yazo yeshalofu (isb. i-thiabendazole), kodwa ngisho nalezi zinsalela azivamile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-apula ayisishiyagalolunye kwayishumi aseJalimane aqukethe izibulala-zinambuzane eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuwenza abe ngesinye sezitshalo ezilashwa kakhulu ngezibulala-zinambuzane.
Nquma ngebhalansi enhle noma embi yemvelo lapho uthenga!
Ukwatapheya ufana nanoma yikuphi okunye ukudla. Ungawakhiqiza ezindaweni ezingafanele kuma-monocultures anezindleko eziphezulu zamandla. Kodwa-ke, zingatshalwa kakhulu endaweni exubene nemvelo ezindaweni ezinemvula evamile. Yikuphi okuhlukile okukhona nokuthi uyawuthenga yini ukwatapheya osekuvuthwe noma lowo Ngumthengi onqumayo ukuthi uzovuthwa yini ekhaya, ukuze ngamunye wethu abe nomthelela ekuhlolweni komjikelezo wokuphila wokudla!
Yebo, ukwatapheya wemvelo kufanele uthuthwe kuqala, kodwa uma ngokuvamile wenqaba ukuthuthwa kokudla, usengakwazi ukuzungeza umlimi wezinto eziphilayo oseduze futhi uqoqe ukudla okukhethekile kwesizini nokwesifunda lapho. Khona-ke, ikhofi, ubhanana, izithelo ezisawolintshi, umango, uphayinaphu, nezinhlobo eziningi zetiye, ukhokho, noshokoledi akuvumelekile. Futhi njengoba ukudla kuhanjiswa nsuku zonke ngaphakathi kweJalimane naseYurophu, ingasaphathwa eyokuthuthwa kwemfuyo, umbandela othi "Angidli noma yini eye yahanjiswa amabanga amade" ikhawulela ukukhetha kokudla kakhulu.
Inyama kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi akusaseyona inketho, ikakhulukazi kubagxeki bakakotapheya kanye nabantu abaqondiswa ibhalansi yokudla kwemvelo, ngoba okuphakelayo (isoya nommbila) kuvela phesheya kwezilwandle kanye nemikhiqizo yezilwane iphezulu kakhulu kukho konke okunye ukudla ngokwemibandela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi.
Ngakho-ke asikho isizathu sokugcina izandla zakho kukwatapheya, ikakhulukazi ukwatapheya wemvelo.
