Lungisa Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12

Sichaza ukuthi ukushoda kwe-vitamin B12 kungazibonakalisa kanjani, okungukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezibangelwayo. Vele, uzofunda nokuthi unganquma kanjani ukuntula kwe-vitamin B12, yiziphi izimbangela ezingase zibe nazo, futhi-ke, ungakulungisa kanjani ukuntula kwe-vitamin B12.

Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12 kuthinta abantu abaningi

Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12 kuthinta abantu abaningi. EJalimane, amaphesenti angu-5 kuya kwangu-7 abantu abasha kanye namaphesenti angu-30 abantu abadala abonakala enikezwa kancane nge-vitamin B12. Isibalo sezigameko ezingabikwanga kungenzeka sibe phezulu kakhulu njengoba ukushoda kwamavithamini akuhlolisiswa njalo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezempilo okujwayelekile.

Ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12 okubonakalayo noma okungabonakali

Ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 kungahlala iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kwezimpawu, okubangelwa ukuthi izinqolobane zomzimba zihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Cishe ama-microgram angu-4000 kavithamini B12 agcinwa esibindini nasemisipha yomuntu omdala. Lezi zindawo ezigciniwe zisetshenziswa kancane kancane lapho ivithamini inganikezwanga ukuze ukushoda kube uphawu kuphela ngemva kweminyaka emithathu noma ngisho nangaphezulu.

Uma amazinga kavithamini B12 ephansi kodwa zingakabikho izimpawu, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukushoda kwe-vitamin B12 okungabonakali.

Ngokusemthethweni, ukushoda kwe-vitamin B12 okuyizimpawu kufaka phakathi i-anemia eyingozi kanye nalokho okubizwa nge-Hunter glossitis. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimpawu ezingaqondile azihlali zihlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kwevithamini B12 ngodokotela.

Izimpawu zokuqala ezingaqondile zokuntula

Izimpawu zokuqala ezingaqondile zokuntuleka kwevithamini B12 zihlanganisa okulandelayo. Uma ubona lokhu, bheka amazinga akho e-vitamin B12:

• ukuba ndikindiki esikhumbeni
• Ukuluma ezingalweni kanye/noma emilenzeni
• ukulahlekelwa ukudla
• ulimi oluvuthayo
• amakhona omlomo aqhekekile
• ubuthakathaka obubonakalayo ekusebenzeni nasenkumbulo
• ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa njalo ngaphandle kwesizathu
• isiyezi
• ubunzima bokugxila
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala
• Ukukhathala nokukhathala ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo

Kamuva, kukhona izifo ezinzima, isibonelo:

• izifo zenhliziyo
• Izifo ze-Hematological (= izifo/ukuphazamiseka kokwakheka kwegazi), njenge-anemia, isb B. I-anemia eyingozi. I-anemia ukuntuleka kwegazi.
• Izimpawu zokuwohloka komqondo noma ukuwohloka komqondo
• Izifo zohlelo lwezinzwa: i-neuropathies (izifo zemizwa), isb B. funicular myelosis enyakaza engazinzi kanye nokukhubazeka; ukuphazamiseka kokunaka; ukucindezeleka

I-anemia eyingozi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwevithamini B12

Nge-anemia eyingozi, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ayanda. Futhi aqukethe i-hemoglobin eningi (ibala elibomvu legazi) kunamangqamuzana egazi avamile. Lawa mangqamuzana egazi akhulisiwe abizwa nangokuthi ama-megaloblasts, kuyilapho amangqamuzana egazi avamile abizwa ngokuthi ama-normoblasts. Ngakho-ke i-anemia eyingozi ingenye ye-megaloblastic anemia, ehlanganisa ne-folic acid yokuntuleka kwe-anemia.

Izimpawu ze-megaloblastic anemia zifana nezinye ze-anemia futhi zihlanganisa ukukhathala, ukukhathala okusheshayo, ukuncipha kokusebenza, i-tachycardia, ukuphaphatheka, futhi mhlawumbe ne-Hunter glossitis. I-Hunter glossitis wushintsho lwe-pathological olimini ngolimi oluvuthayo, indawo ebushelelezi yolimi, nolimi oluqala ukuphaphatheka futhi kamuva luphendule ulimi olubomvu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-anemia eyingozi ingakhula ibe yi-funicular myelosis.

I-Funicular myelitis ngenxa yokuntuleka kwevithamini B12

I-Funicular myelitis yisifo esifana ne-multiple sclerosis kodwa, ngokungafani naso, singelashwa ngokuphathwa kwe-vitamin B12. I-Funicular myelosis iphinde ibangele ukuwohloka kwamagobolondo e-myelin emizwa ebuchosheni nasentanjeni yomgogodla. (Amagobolondo e-Myelin awuhlobo lwesendlalelo esivikelayo esizungeze imicu yezinzwa). Ezimweni eziningi, ukuzwa okungavamile okufana nokuluma noma ubuhlungu kwenzeka kuqala, kulandelwa kamuva ukuhamba okungaguquki, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, kanye nokukhubazeka (i-spastic). Uma ubuchopho buthinteka, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukukhathala, kanye nezimo zengqondo ziyavela.

Intuthuko iza ngokushesha okukhulu

Kuvame ukubuzwa ukuthi izimpawu zokushoda kwe-vitamin B12 zithuthuka ngokushesha kangakanani lapho uqala ukuthatha i-vitamin B12 njengesengezo sokudla. Uma uthatha i-vitamin B12 ngezimpawu zokushoda kwe-vitamin B12, izimpawu ze-hematological ngokuvamile ziba ngcono phakathi nesonto, izimpawu zemizwa phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu - kuya ngobunzima, kunjalo.

Imfuneko yansuku zonke

Nakuba uvame ukuthatha imithamo ephezulu ye-vitamin B12 uma kwenzeka untula ukuze ulungise ukuntula ngokushesha, umzimba udinga kuphela inani elincane le-vitamin B12 nsuku zonke uma usugcwalise izitolo zawo. Isidingo sansuku zonke sikavithamini B12 simi kanje (ngalinye ku-µg (micrograms) ngosuku):

Umntwana

• 0 kuye ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-4: 0.5
• 4 kuye ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-12: 1.4

izingane

• 1 kuya ngaphansi kweminyaka emi-4: 1.5
• 4 kuya ngaphansi kweminyaka emi-7: 2.0
• 7 kuya ngaphansi kweminyaka emi-10: 2.5
• 10 kuya ngaphansi kweminyaka emi-13: 3.5
• 13 kuya ngaphansi kweminyaka emi-15: 4.0

intsha kanye nabantu abadala

• 15 kuya ngaphansi kweminyaka emi-19: 4.0
• 19 kuya ngaphansi kweminyaka emi-25: 4.0
• 25 kuya ngaphansi kweminyaka emi-51: 4.0
• 51 kuya ngaphansi kweminyaka emi-65: 4.0
• Iminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu: 4.0
• Abakhulelwe: 4.5
• Ukuncelisa ibele: 5.5

Lungisa ukuntula kwe-vitamin B12

Ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 kungatholwa kalula udokotela, omunye udokotela, noma ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya. Uma untula uvithamini B12, ungakwazi ukukulungisa kalula nje.

Izinkinga zokushoda kwe-vitamin B12

Njengoba uvithamini B12, ngokungafani nawo wonke amanye amavithamini e-B complex, atholakala cishe kuphela ekudleni kwezilwane, ama-vegans abhekwa njengokunqunyelwa kusengaphambili ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12. Kodwa abantu abangewona ama-vegan nabo bangahlupheka ngenxa yokushoda kwe-vitamin B12.

Ngenxa yemithi ethile, ukudla okungenampilo, noma izifo kungaholela ekulimaleni kwesisu nasemathunjini, okuphinde kwenza ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 kube maningi kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala, i-anorexia, kanye nezinhlobo ezivamile zokungondleki (isb. ebudaleni, lapho udla kancane kakhulu noma uhlangothi olulodwa) nakho kubhekwa njengezimbangela zokuntuleka kwevithamini B12.

Kokubili ama-vegans kanye nama-non-vegans angathinteka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12 - kuphela imbangela evame ukuhluka.

Ama-Omnivores anokuntuleka kwe-B12 ngokuvamile anezifo zesisu, kuyilapho izilwane ezidla inyama zivele zintule izinto ezingavuthiwe ngoba ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni kuphela kuqukethe i-vitamin B12 encane, uma ikhona, futhi akubhekiseli ekuthatheni i-vitamin B12 kucatshangwa.

Ukuthi izikhalazo zesisu zingaholela kanjani ekuntulekeni kwe-vitamin B12

I-Vitamin B12 idinga ukuthi umgudu wamathumbu onempilo umunceke ngokugcwele ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

Okubizwa ngokuthi i-intrinsic factor kukhiqizwa kumaseli e-parietal we-gastric mucosa - iphrotheni ye-transporter lapho i-vitamin B12 evela ekudleni ingazinamathisela khona ukuze ikwazi ukumuncwa emathunjini amancane (ileum).

Kodwa-ke, lapho ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwesisu lonakele, okokuqala kuba khona ukushoda kwesici sangaphakathi futhi ngenxa yalokho kanye nokuntuleka kwe-B12. Kodwa abantu abaningi banesisu esibi, ama-omnivores amaningi kunama-vegans.

Kunjalo nangezifo zamathumbu. Nalokhu, nakho, kuvame ukuholela ekuntulekeni kwevithamini B12 uma ivithamini ingasakwazi ukumuncwa ngokuphelele, isb. B. emathunjini acasukayo ohudo oluvamile noma izifo zamathumbu ezivuvukalayo, noma kunjalo uma izingxenye zamathumbu sezihlinziwe kakade. isusiwe.

Ukuthi ukushisa kwenhliziyo kungaholela kanjani ekuntulekeni kwe-vitamin B12

Uma kunezinkinga zesisu, akudingekile ukuthi kube yisifo sesisu esibi kakhulu, njengesibonelo, uhlobo lwe-B. gastritis A (ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwesisu), okungaholela nasekuntulekeni kwevithamini B12. Isilungulela sekwanele. Ngoba abantu abaningi bathatha ama-acid blockers (i-proton pump inhibitors, njenge-omeprazole) ngenxa yesilungulela - futhi yiyona le mithi ekhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kokuntuleka kwe-B12.

I-Omeprazole kanye nezivimbela ze-asidi ezifanayo azivimbeli nje kuphela ukwakheka kwe-asidi esiswini, kodwa futhi nokwakheka kwesici sangaphakathi ukuze kungabe kusamuncwa (noma okuncane kakhulu) uvithamini B12 (malabsorption).

Ama-parasites angaholela kanjani ekuntulekeni kwe-vitamin B12

Ukutheleleka nge-tapeworm yezinhlanzi nakho kungaholela ekuntulekeni kwe-vitamin B12. I-fish tapeworm ivame ukutheleleka ngokudla inhlanzi eluhlaza. I-parasite ichitha izinkulungwane zamaqanda nsuku zonke, atholakala kalula esitulweni, okwenza kube lula ukuxilonga.

Ngakho-ke, ukushoda kwevithamini B12 akuyona neze inkinga engathinta abantu abangama-vegan kuphela. Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini okungathinta noma ubani ngokuyisisekelo, njengokushoda kwevithamini D, ukushoda kwe-magnesium, nanoma yikuphi okunye ukuntula.

Ukunqunywa kwe-vitamin B12 ephelele ku-serum

Odokotela abaningi basanquma inani eliphelele levithamini B12 ku-serum yegazi, kodwa lokhu akuwenzi umqondo, ngoba i-B12 engasebenzi nayo iyalinganiswa, umzimba ongeke ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa noma kunjalo.

Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi leli nani eliphelele le-B12 lisalungile, kodwa empeleni, sekuvele kukhona ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12. Kuphela uma izinga le-B12 selivele lehle kakhulu lapho umuntu engakwazi ukulinquma ngenani eliphelele le-B12 egazini.

Ukunqunywa kwe-methylmalonic acid emchameni (ukuhlolwa kwe-MMA)

Indlela elula ukuhlola umchamo we-vitamin B12, ongayi-oda ku-inthanethi futhi ukwenze ngokwakho ekhaya. Lokhu kuhlola kulinganisa izinga le-methylmalonic acid emchamweni, ekhuphuka ngokuntuleka kwevithamini B12 (kokubili emchameni nasegazini).

Kodwa-ke, njengoba kukhona nabantu (ikakhulukazi labo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70 ubudala) abaye baphakamisa amazinga e-methylmalonic acid ngaphandle kokuntuleka kwe-B12 futhi (kunoma yikuphi ubudala) ukuphazamiseka kweflora emathunjini kungakhohlisa amazinga e-methylmalonic acid, okunye ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe. ukuze ube ohlangothini oluphephile ukwenza (uma ukuhlolwa kwe-methylmalonic acid bekuphakanyisiwe). Lokhu kuhlola kukala lokho okubizwa nge-holo-transcobalamin value (holo-TC) egazini.

I-Transcobalamin iyiphrotheni ye-transporter ye-vitamin B12 (cobalamin). Lapho i-vitamin B12 esebenzayo ibophezela ku-transcobalamin, le nhlanganisela ibizwa ngokuthi i-holo-transcobalamin

Ukuhlolwa kwe-TC yegazi holo

Ngokuhlolwa kwe-Holo-TC, kukalwa kuphela i-vitamin B12 esebenzayo, ukuze kubonakale ukuntula kwe-B12 kwasekuqaleni futhi hhayi kuphela lapho izitolo ze-vitamin B12 zomzimba sezivele zingenalutho. Yiqiniso, ungase futhi unqume inani le-holo-TC.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-methylmalonic acid akudingekile futhi. Iwusizo ikakhulukazi kulabo abangakuthandi ukuthathwa igazi futhi iyatholakala futhi njengokuhlolwa kwasekhaya.

Ukuzimisela kwe-Homocysteine ​​​​egazini

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga le-homocysteine ​​​​egazini linganqunywa ukuthi lisohlangothini oluphephile. Uma iphakeme, ukushoda kwevithamini B12 - kodwa futhi ukushoda kwe-folic acid kanye/noma ukuntuleka kwevithamini B6 - kungase kudlale (noma konke ukushoda ndawonye).

Amanani okubhekisela kuvithamini B12

Ngezansi amanani ereferensi kavithamini B12 (abantu abadala) ukuze ukwazi ukuhlukanisa kahle ukufundwa kwakho.

Amanani okubhekisela kuvithamini B12 ku-serum

Uma udokotela wakho ekala i-vitamin B12 ku-serum futhi iphansi kakhulu, kukhona ngokusobala ukushoda kwe-vitamin B12. Kodwa-ke, uma kujwayelekile kodwa ekugcineni okuphansi kwesilinganiso esivamile (esiphansi-esivamile), kufanele wenze ezinye izivivinyo, njengesikolo se-holo-TC noma ukuhlolwa kwe-MMA. Ngenxa yokuthi izinga le-serum kavithamini B12 lingase libe elivamile uma sekuvele kukhona ukushoda kwe-vitamin B12, isilinganiso se-serum asifanele ukuhlonza ukushoda kwe-incipient:

• Okuvamile: 300 – 900 pg/mL (220 – 665 pmol/L)
  ukuntuleka okungenzeka: 200 - 300 pg/ml (150 - 220 pmol/l)
• Ukuntula: ngaphansi kuka-200 pg/mL (150 pmol/L)
  ukuntuleka okukhulu: ngaphansi kwe-150 pg/ml (110 pmol/l)

Amanani okuyisethenjwa we-methylmalonic acid MMA emchamweni nasegazini

Amanani okubhekisela ekunqunyweni kwe-methylmalonic acid emchameni ami kanje:

• Ukuntuleka kwe-B12 akunakwenzeka: amanani angaphansi kuka-1.5 mg we-MMA nge-g creatinine
• Ukuntuleka kwe-B12 okungenzeka: amanani aphakathi kuka-1.5 no-2.5 ​​mg we-MMA nge-g creatinine
• Ukushoda kwe-B12: amazinga aphezulu kuno-2.5 ​​mg we-MMA nge-g creatinine

Amanani okubhekisela ekunqunyweni kwe-methylmalonic acid ku-serum yegazi ami kanje:

• Ukuntuleka kwe-B12 akunakwenzeka: amanani aphakathi kuka-9 no-32 µ/l (okulingana namanani phakathi kuka-76 no-280 nmol/l)
• Ukuntuleka kwe-B12 okungenzeka: amanani angaphezu kuka-32 µg/l (ahambisana cishe nama-280 nmol/l)

Uma kunezinga le-holotranscobalamin eliphansi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukushoda okubonakalayo kwe-vitamin B12 kungacatshangwa ngokuqiniseka.

Amanani okubhekisela e-holotranscobolamine ku-serum

Amanani okubhekisela ekunqunyweni kwe-holotranscobalamin ku-serum ami kanje:

• Ukuntuleka kwe-B12 akunakwenzeka: ngamanani angaphezu kuka-70 pmol/l
• Ukushoda kwe-B12 okungenzeka/umphumela womngcele: 35 – 70 pmol/l
• Ukuntuleka kwe-B12 okungenzeka: kumanani angaphansi kuka-35 pmol/l

Njengoba amazinga aphansi e-holo-TC ekhona futhi esimweni sokungasebenzi kahle kwezinso, amanani ezinso kufanele ahlolwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile.

Amayunithi ahlukene: indlela yokuguqula

Uma izinga lakho le-serum vitamin B12 linqunyiwe kodwa umphumela wakho unikezwe iyunithi ehlukile, ungayiguqula kanje bese uyiqhathanisa uphinde uyibuyisele kumanani ayireferensi angenhla:

• pmol/L x 1.355 = pg/mL = ng/L
• ng/L x 1 = pg/mL

Sicela uqaphele, nokho, ukuthi amanani okuyisethenjwa angahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lokuhlaziya kanye nelabhorethri ngakho-ke kufanele usebenzise amanani ereferensi elabhorethri efanelekile njengesexwayiso.

Yile ndlela i-vitamin B12 emuncwa ngayo umzimba

I-Vitamin B12 ingamuncwa umzimba ngezindlela ezimbili:

• Awekho ngaphezu kwama-microgram angu-1.5 kavithamini B12 angangenwa ngokudla ngakunye ngokumuncwa okusebenzayo kusetshenziswa amaprotheni e-transporter (isici sangaphakathi).
• Iphesenti elingu-1 levithamini B12 elisetshenzisiwe lingamuncwa (ngaphandle kwamaphrotheni e-transporter) ngokumunca kancane ngokusakazwa, okuthakazelisa kakhulu uma uthatha izithasiselo zokudla ezinedosi ephezulu. Ngoba uma ukulungiswa kwe-vitamin B12 enethamo eliphezulu kunikeza umthamo wansuku zonke wama-micrograms angu-1000 wevithamini B12, isibonelo, usengakwazi ukumunca ama-microgram angu-10 kavithamini B12 ngokusakazwa okwenziwayo, okungahlanganisa imfuneko kahle.

Ngale ndlela ungalungisa ukuntula kwe-vitamin B12

Uma manje sekucacile ukuthi kukhona ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12, khona-ke umbuzo uphakama ngokwemvelo mayelana nokuthi lokhu kungalungiswa kanjani. Izinyathelo ezidingekayo zincike imbangela yesici.

Ukuqeda ukuntula kwe-vitamin B12 ezikhalazo ezingapheli zesisu
Uma uhlushwa izikhalazo ezingapheli, ukuqinisa impilo yakho yamathumbu kufanele kube okugxilwe kukho kwesenzo esengeziwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukulungiswa kwethamo eliphezulu levithamini B12 (umthamo wansuku zonke wama-micrograms ayi-1000) kunengqondo, ngoba lokhu kungamuncwa ukusakazwa kwe-passive, ngakho-ke kungakwazi ukulungisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwangaphambilini noma ngomgudu wesisu ogulayo.

Kwezinye izimo, imijovo ye-vitamin B12 iyisixazululo esingcono nakakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma sekuvele kukhona ukushoda kwe-vitamin B12. Anikezwa nge-intramuscularly, okungukuthi emsipha, futhi ngokuvamile angalungisa ukushoda kwe-vitamin B12 phakathi namasonto ambalwa.

Susa ukuntula kwe-vitamin B12 lapho uthatha imithi

Uma uthatha imithi engase ibe nomthelela ekuntulekeni kwe-vitamin B12, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi isadingeka yini noma ungayiyeka yini ukuyiphuza. Uma kufanele uqhubeke uphuza imithi yakho, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kwanele yini uma uthatha njalo isithasiselo se-vitamin B12 noma - uma ukuntuleka kubi kakhulu - akufanele yini uqale ube nomjovo we-B12 kuqala ngaphandle kwalokho ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12 kungase kungabi. ilungiswe noma ingalungiswa kancane.

Izimo zokudla zilungisa ukuntula kwe-vitamin B12

Uma ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 kuye kwavela ngenxa yokudla kwe-vegan noma ezinye izimbangela ezingaziwa, ungalungisa lokho kuntuleka ngokuthatha njalo isithasiselo se-vitamin B12. Izinhlobonhlobo zamalungiselelo ziyatholakala kule njongo.

Lungisa ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 ngala malungiselelo

Uma ufuna ukulungisa ukushoda kwe-vitamin B12 okushiwo, kunconywa amalungiselelo e-vitamin B12 enethamo lansuku zonke lama-microgram ayi-1000 kavithamini B12.

Amaphilisi ane-vitamin B12

Amalungiselelo e-capsule aqukethe ingxube yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-vitamin B12, okungukuthi i-vitamin B12 (i-hydroxocobalamin) yokugcina kanye namafomu e-B12 asebenzayo (i-methylcobalamin ne-adenosylcobalamin), afanelekile.

Ikhala lehla nge-vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 amaconsi ekhala manje nawo aseyatholakala ngokwentengiso. Ngamaconsi emvelo ephumelelayo, isibonelo, ungathatha ama-microgram angu-1000 we-vitamin B12 ngomthamo wansuku zonke (amaconsi ama-2). Ivithamini ingamuncwa nge-mucosa yamakhala, idlule umgudu wamathumbu.

Inhlanzi yamazinyo ene-vitamin B12

Inhlanzi yamazinyo enovithamini B12 ingasiza futhi ukumboza imfuneko yansuku zonke kavithamini B12. Kufanele zisetshenziswe okungenani kabili ngosuku ukuze kuthinte amazinga kavithamini B12.

Ocwaningweni lwango-2017, ama-vegans asebenzisa umuthi wokuxubha amasonto ayi-12 abe nokwenyuka okukhulu kukho kokubili i-holo-TC ne-serum B12, lokhu kwanda ngesilinganiso esingu-81 pg/mL, okuyinqwaba impela. Uma amanani engaphansi kuka-150 kuya ku-200 pg/ml, kukhona ukushoda. Amazinga angu-300 pg/ml nangaphezulu athathwa njengokujwayelekile, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa njalo kwe-toothpaste ethuthukisiwe kungathuthuka ngokuqhubekayo noma kugcine amazinga anempilo e-B12.

Imijovo ivamise ukuqeda ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 ngokushesha

Imijovo ye-vitamin B12 ye-intramuscular (isb evela ku-Medivitan) ingasetshenziswa futhi esimweni sokuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12 ehlobene nokudla - uma inani seliphansi kakhulu. Lezi zivame ukunikezwa kanye noma kabili ngesonto amasonto ambalwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ukudla okwenziwa ngomlomo amalungiselelo e-vitamin B12 noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-toothpaste enothile iyodwa ngokuvamile akwanele ukulungisa ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka nokuthuthukisa izimpawu.