John Myers
Amahlathi ayingcebo yeqiniso yomhlaba wethu. Amahlathi angalwa nobumpofu obukhulu kanye nendlala ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Ngoba amahlathi angabaphakeli abangcono kakhulu bokudla okunempilo. Manje izwe labacwaningi liye laqaphela nokuthi amahlathi amaningi ngeke axazulule inkinga yesimo sezulu kuphela, kodwa futhi nenkinga yendlala. Akuwona nje noma yimaphi amahlathi, kunjalo. Isixazululo kungaba izingadi zamahlathi! Ukudla okuvela ezingadini zasehlathini kunomsoco, akubizi, futhi kunempilo!
Ihlathi: Umthombo Wokudla Onempilo Kakhulu
Umuntu oyedwa kwabayisishiyagalolunye emhlabeni uhlushwa indlala, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika noma e-Asia.
Izizwe ezimpofu zivame ukunikwa ukudla okuwubisi oluyimpuphu nokusanhlamvu ukuze kuncishiswe inkinga yendlala. Ungaphila nayo uma kunesidingo, kodwa ayinempilo esikhathini eside - hhayi kubantu noma ngekusasa labo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amahlathi awakwazanga ukuxazulula inkinga yendlala kuphela kodwa nezinye izinkinga eziningi. Babengeke banikeze abantu ukudla okunempilo kuphela. Amahlathi azophinde adale imibono futhi - njengoba manje sekuboniswe ngokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kososayensi abangaphezu kuka-60 abavela ezifundeni ezahlukene zomhlaba.
Umbiko Wehlathi ushicilelwe inethiwekhi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yabacwaningi bamahlathi - i-International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO).
Igcizelela ukubaluleka kokulondoloza noma ukubuyisela ukufinyelela ehlathini kubantu abampofu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngoba ihlathi limelela umthombo wokudla ongcono kakhulu nonempilo kunayo yonke. Futhi hhayi lokho kuphela!
Amahlathi asindisa izimpilo!
Amahlathi aphinde ahlinzeke ngezindawo zokuhlala, izinkuni zokubasa, nezinto zokwakha, anganciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo avikele eziphephweni kanye nosongo lokuguguleka kwenhlabathi yonke indawo - okungeke kushiwo nhlobo ngamasimu ethu endabuko.
Ngokuphambene nalokho! Amandla okukhiqiza amasimu ahlala elinganiselwe, inhlabathi iya ngokuya iphelelwa amandla, umoya ukhala ngokunganqandwa phezu kwayo futhi, okuxakayo, amahlathi andayo ayacekelwa phansi ukuze kwakhiwe amasimu amasha.
Ngokwemibandela ebambekayo, ukwanda komhlaba olimekayo kubangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamahlathi emhlabeni wonke okungamaphesenti angama-73.
Kodwa-ke, kusobala ukuthi inani labantu emhlabeni alikwazi ukondliwa ngezolimo zasensimini kuphela.
Nokho, amahlathi angaqinisekisa ukutholakala kokudla okuseqophelweni eliphezulu kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi ezikhungethwe indlala nobumpofu.
Amahlathi aphikisana nesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu
“Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo ngobuningi kusengozini enkulu ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, esingase sivame kakhulu esikhathini esizayo ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ubufakazi besayensi bukhombisa ukuthi amahlathi lapha awasengozini kakhulu futhi kulula kakhulu ukuwaphatha,” kusho uChristoph Wildberger, umxhumanisi weGlobal Forest Expert Panel Initiative (GFEP), eyasungulwa yi-IUFRO.
Futhi uBhaskar Vira waseNyuvesi yaseCambridge, ongusihlalo weGlobal Forest Expert Panel on Forests and Food Security, uyanezela:
"Ocwaningweni, sibonisa izibonelo ezihlaba umxhwele okuhloswe ngazo ukukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi amahlathi nezihlahla ziyisengezo esihle kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo futhi - ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zomhlaba ezihlaselwe kakhulu isiphetho - zingafaka isandla emalini yabantu abahlala lapho. .”
Izitezi ezine zengadi yehlathi
Yebo, asikhulumi ngokulima okujwayelekile manje osekubizwa ngokuthi amahlathi emazweni anezimboni. Ngoba ihlathi lespruce noma i-oki engakwazi ukondla umuntu.
Ngokuphambene, amahlathi asendulo, abizwa ngokuthi izingadi zamahlathi, ayadingeka. Lawa ngamasiko axubile abekwe phezu "kwezindaba" eziningana futhi adinga ukunakekelwa okuncane.
- Amakhambi, izitshalo zasendle, nemifino engapheli ikhula kahle esitezi sokuqala.
- Izihlahla zeberry esitezi sesibili.
- Esitezi sesithathu kunezihlahla zezithelo eziphansi nezihlahla ezincane zamantongomane, kanti ezindaweni ezishisayo nobhanana nopopo.
- Esitezi sesine, izihlahla ezinde (isb. amantongomane, ukwatapheya), amasundu (isb. ukhukhunathi, amadethi), nezitshalo ezikhuphukayo (amagilebhisi, izithelo zothando, njll.) zikhula kuzo zonke izitezi.
Impilo yasehlathini: ukudla, izinto zokwakha kanye nokubasa
Amahlathi alolu hlobo ahlinzeka ngokudla okuhluke kakhulu nezinsiza:
Izithelo zesihlahla njengokudla
Izithelo zezihlahla azizona nje izithelo njengoba sizazi. Ziwukudla okufanele, ngisho nokudla okuyisisekelo.
Ngaphandle kwezithelo ezivamile, izithelo zesihlahla zihlanganisa amantongomane, ukwatapheya, i-carob, i-durian, isithelo sezithelo, i-sapota, iphephile, nezinye izithelo eziningi zasendaweni eshisayo, ezivame ukucebile ngamafutha namaprotheni.
Izithelo zezihlahla zivame ukucebile kakhulu ngamavithamini namaminerali ngakho-ke zinganikeza isisekelo sokudla okuhlukahlukene okunempilo kakhulu kunokudla okwenziwa ngokusanhlamvu, isibonelo.
Isibonelo, okuqukethwe kwe-iron kwembewu eyomisiwe yesihlahla se-carob sase-Afrika noma amantongomane e-cashew eluhlaza kuqhathaniswa noma ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuqukethwe kwe-ayoni enyameni yenkukhu.
Ukudla Kwezilwane - Inyama yezilwane zasendle
Lapho kunamahlathi, kukhona nezilwane eziningi. Izilwane zasendle zithola indawo yazo yokuhlala futhi - futhi lapho kunemithombo yamanzi, izinhlanzi zingabanjwa.
ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, izinambuzane nazo zinendima enkulu ekudleni. Isibonelo, izimpethu ezikhuluphele ze-sago palm weevil ziwumthombo obalulekile wamaprotheni kwezinye izifunda.
Uma uthola lokho kubi, kungenxa yokuthi awukujwayele. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukudla izimpethu ezigcwele isandla akusona isinengiso njengokudla ucezu lwenyama. Futhi ukube ukhulele eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, bekungaba into evamile kakhulu kuwe emhlabeni - njengoba nje ukudla iminenke kuyinto enhle kumuntu ongumFulentshi noma waseSpain.
Izinambuzane zinikeza umthombo ongabizi futhi omningi wamaprotheni, amafutha, amavithamini, namaminerali - ngamafuphi, ukudla okulungile, okungenani uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yamaprotheni ezilwane.
Ngenxa yalokho, amahlathi amaningi nezindawo zamahlathi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia sezivele ziphethwe imiphakathi ehleliwe yendawo egxile ekwandiseni inala yezinambuzane ezidliwayo.
Izinkuni kanye nezinkuni zokwakha
Amahlathi nawo angumthombo wezinkuni namalahle. Lokhu kuvumela abantu ukuba babilise amanzi futhi ngaleyo ndlela bazivikele ezifweni. Bangakwazi ukulungisa ukudla futhi bashise izindlu zabo. Futhi ungakwazi futhi ukwakha izindlu ngokhuni.
Ukudla nendawo yokuhlala yemfuyo
Amahlathi nawo asebenza njengendawo yokuhlala yezinyosi nezinye izinto ezithwala impova futhi ngaleyo ndlela aqinisekise isivuno esihle sezithelo nemifino. Ngokufanayo, izihlahla eziningi ezivuthuluka zingasetshenziswa njengokudla kwezilwane, ukuze amahlathi ezindaweni eziningi enze ukukhiqizwa kwenyama nobisi kwenzeke kwasekuqaleni.
Amahlathi njengomthombo wemali engenayo
Umbiko Wehlathi uphinde uthi cishe wonke umuntu wesithupha uthembele ehlathini ukuze athole ukudla noma ngisho nemali engenayo.
E-Sahel, izihlahla nezinsiza ezihambisanayo zimele cishe amaphesenti angama-80 emali engenayo, okubangelwa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamantongomane e-shea.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba izinga lokuchuma liphansi, kulapho inani lehlathi elinalo emalini yekhaya liphezulu, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokulondoloza amahlathi ezindaweni ezimpofu zomhlaba noma ukutshala amahlathi - ikakhulukazi lawo ahlaselwa isomiso kanye nesomiso. ukumelana namanye ama-climate capers.
Ngokwesibonelo, ezweni lase-Afrika iTanzania, sekuvele kunesinyathelo sokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwembewu ebizwa ngokuthi i-Allan Lacki. Uwoyela odliwayo ungatholakala kulokhu, ongaba namandla amakhulu emakethe yokudla yomhlaba wonke.
Izingadi zehlathi zokudla okunempilo emhlabeni wonke
Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esizayo ihlathi kufanele libe nendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kokudla kwethu emhlabeni wonke.
Izithelo zawo kufanele zigcwalise izitshalo ezijwayelekile ngendlela yokuthi kungabikho amasimu engeziwe okudingeka adalwe. Yebo, kungaba kuhle ngisho nokuguqula amasimu abe izingadi zasehlathini.
Kodwa-ke, lokho akulula kangako - okungenani hhayi ezifundeni zaseYurophu.
Uma unensimu, zama ukuthola imvume yengadi yehlathi bese ukhiqiza ukudla okunempilo. Ngeke kube lula, kodwa umuntu kufanele aqale...
Ngeke kube lula emazweni omhlaba wesithathu. Ngoba iMonsanto & Co ibusa lapho, nasehlathini, awukwazi ukusabalalisa imbewu yofuzo noma ukufafaza i-Roundup...
Ngezikhathi zobunzima, amahlathi ayengakwazi ukuvala isikhala sokuntuleka kokudla okuhambisana nakho. Ngoba lapho kufika izikhathi zesomiso, amanani entengo emakethe, izingxabano, nezinye izinkinga, ukukhiqizwa kokudla okuvamile kuyama. Amahlathi ayengayibamba futhi ayivikele.
Mhlawumbe umbiko wamahlathi nawo ungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amahlathi ekugcineni athola ukwazisa okuwafanele! Phela, kwavela ngaphambi nje kwencazelo yokugcina yemigomo yokusimama yeZizwe Ezihlangene, okuyinto, ngaphezu kwezinye izinselele zomhlaba wonke, ngokuyinhloko ihloselwe ukunciphisa ubumpofu nendlala.
Umbiko we-Wald uhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile yokuthi i-UN ingathatha isinyathelo esingakanani ukuze ifinyelele umgomo wayo wokuqeda indlala emhlabeni wonke ngo-2025.
Yeka ukuthi bekungaba kuhle kanjani uma ihlathi nokudla kwalo bekuvunyelwa ukuba kube nengxenye ebalulekile kulokhu!
