I-Tofu: Ingaphezu Kokuthatha Indawo Yenyama

I-tofu iguquguquka ngendlela emangalisayo futhi imnandi ukuyilungisa. I-Tofu nayo inempilo kakhulu, njengoba ucwaningo oluningi lubonisa. Ngakho-ke i-soy quark ingangena epuletini lakho kaningi - noma ngabe awudli imifino, i-vegan, noma ujwayelekile ngokuphelele.

I-Tofu, iphrotheni, kanye nesisekelo esicebile ngensimbi

I-tofu yenziwe nge-soy. Ubizwa nangokuthi ushizi kabhontshisi, i-curd kabhontshisi, noma i-soy curd. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi lenziwe ngobisi lwesoya olujiyile - njengoba nje wenza i-quark noma ushizi ngobisi lwezilwane.

Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, i-tofu idayiswa ngokuyinhloko njenge-protein kanye nenyama ecebile ngensimbi esikhundleni semifino kanye nemifino - kodwa i-tofu ingaphezu kwalokho. Ekuqaleni livela eChina, lapho lithathwa njengokudla okuyisisekelo. Lapho akukhona neze ukudla kwabadla imifino kuphela. Kunalokho, imindeni yamaShayina ithanda ukuyidla ihlangene nenyama, isb. B. ngendlela yemephu i-doufu, isidlo esibabayo kakhulu esivela esifundazweni saseSichuan eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina.

Ku-Mapo Doufu, i-tofu ihlanganiswa nenyama egayiwe bese ilungiswa ku-wok kusoso eyenziwe ngobhontshisi wesoya obabayo, ubhontshisi omnyama obilile, u-garlic, ujinja, kanye nopelepele.

I-tofu ingalungiswa ngoshukela futhi inomsoco

E-Asia, ungathenga i-tofu ngokuhambisana okuningi, kusukela eqinile kakhulu kuya eqinile ephakathi kuya ethambile futhi ethambile kakhulu. EYurophu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuvame ukuba ne-tofu eqinile kuphela - ikakhulukazi i-silken tofu - okuhlukile okuthambile, okukhilimu.

Njengoba i-tofu nayo ingenakho ukunambitheka kwayo, ungayisebenzisela zonke izinhlobo zezitsha - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zimnandi noma zimnandi:

• I-tofu eqinile iyasikwa futhi ithoswe noma igaywe esobho, ama-stir-fries, noma isitshulu, noma igaywe futhi isetshenziswe njengokugcwalisa amadombolo, ama-casseroles, noma ama-pancake.
• I-tofu ethambile iyahlanzwa futhi icutshungulwe ibe okhilimu omuncu, okhilimu bekhekhe, u-ayisikhilimu, noma izingubo zokugqoka noma amadiphu amnandi.

I-Tofu iyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lase-Asia

Ubhontshisi wesoya watshalwa eShayina eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5,000 965 edlule futhi uthathwa njengesinye sezitshalo ezindala kakhulu ezitshaliwe emhlabeni. I-Tofu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, cishe yaqala ukukhulunywa ngayo eShayina ngo- AD. Ukusuka lapho wafinyelela kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia. I-Tofu inesiko elide eJapane naseKorea, phakathi kwabanye, futhi iyingxenye engenakuhlukaniswa yesiko lesizwe.

Nakuba i-tofu yayizisungule njengokudla okuyisisekelo eShayina kuzo zonke izigaba zomphakathi, eJapane yayivame ukudliwa ngamaholidi omphakathi kuphela ngoba ibiza kakhulu. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ingakanani i-tofu edliwayo e-Asia namuhla, njengoba kunomehluko omkhulu emazweni ngamazwe kanye nesifunda ngesifunda.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngokocwaningo oluthile, abesifazane badla isilinganiso esingu-8.8 g weprotheyini yesoya ngosuku - amadoda adla isilinganiso esingu-12.5 g. Lokhu kuhambisana cishe ne-100 g ye-tofu (kuya ngohlobo lwe-tofu) noma i-50 g ye-tofu kanye no-200 ml wobisi lwe-soy.

Njengoba i-tofu ingenye yemikhiqizo yesoya evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu e-China, ingxenye enkulu yenani lansuku zonke leprotheyini yesoya idliwa lapho ngendlela ye-tofu. E-Japan, amanani afana nalawo ase-Shanghai. Nokho, kudliwa i-natto ne-miso eningi lapho kune-tofu.

Yile ndlela yokwenza i-tofu

I-Tofu ihlale yenziwa ngobisi lwe-soy, okuthi - njengoba yaziwa futhi ekukhiqizeni ushizi - i-curled. Ngakho-ke i-tofu empeleni ingaqhathaniswa ne-quark noma ushizi.

Umane wengeze i-coagulant obisini lwe-soy, futhi iphrotheni ebisini lwesoya iyajiya (i-flocculates). Ama-flakes ahlukaniswe noketshezi - i-whey - futhi acindezelwe efomini le-block, futhi i-tofu isilungile.

Ubisi lwesoya lona lwenziwa ngobhontshisi wesoya ocwiliswa emanzini bese uhlanzwa bese ubiliswa. Ukuvumelana kobisi lwesoya kanye nohlobo lwe-coagulant kunquma ukuvumelana kwakamuva kwe-tofu. Ubisi lwesoya olucebile, okungukuthi, i-viscous, lufanelekile ku-silken tofu, kanti ubisi lwesoya olulula luvame ukukhiqiza i-tofu eqinile.

I-coagulant "elungile" yenza wonke umehluko

Uma ufuna ukwenza ushizi ngobisi lwenkomo, wengeza ama-enzyme athile obisini njenge-coagulant. Kunama-coagulant amane ahlukene atholakalayo lapho wenza i-tofu:

• i-nigari
• i-magnesium chloride
• i-calcium sulfate
• i-citric acid

I-Nigari iyi-coagulant esekwe emanzini olwandle esekelwe ku-magnesium chloride, equkethe nezinye eziningi zikasawoti wamaminerali. Yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ezifundeni ngasolwandle. I-calcium sulfate - eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-gypsum - yayisetshenziswa phakathi nezwe. I-magnesium chloride ecwengiwe, i-calcium sulfate, ne-citric acid kuvame ukusetshenziswa embonini ye-tofu namuhla.

I-calcium sulfate tofu idume kakhulu eShayina, kuyilapho amaJapane efunga i-nigari. I-citric acid noma ijusi kalamula isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zasemaphandleni zase-Japan ukwenza i-tofu yama-dessert.

Inhlanganisela ye-calcium sulfate ne-nigari noma i-magnesium chloride nayo ingenzeka. Kodwa-ke, inhlanganisela yama-coagulant kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi isetshenziswe ne-tofu ekhiqizwe yizimboni ukuze kuzuzwe ukungaguquguquki okuhle nokunambitha okufunayo.

I-Nigari yenza i-tofu ibe mnandi (uma iqhathaniswa ne-calcium sulfate). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ijusi kalamula, iphumela ku-tart tofu.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-tofu

Njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze-tofu, i-tofu ekahle iyatholakala kuzo zonke izitsha kanye neresiphi:

• I-tofu engenalutho

I-tofu yemvelo i-tofu ehlanzekile engakacutshungulwa. Kuvame kakhulu eJalimane. I-tofu yemvelo icindezelwa ibe amabhulokhi amancane, thina ngokuvamile eqinile, futhi inomswakama ophansi kanye nokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni okuphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezithambile ze-tofu.

I-tofu yemvelo ifaneleka cishe kuzo zonke izitsha ze-tofu, njengoba ingenambitheki futhi ingafakwa izinongo futhi ifakwe emanzini ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. E-Asia, ungayithenga kukho konke ukuhambisana okungenzeka, kusukela kuqinile kakhulu kuya kokuqinile okuphakathi kuya kokuthambile.

• I-tofu ehlanzekile

I-silken tofu ithambile, iphuka kalula, futhi inomswakama ophezulu kune-tofu eqinile. Ilungele ikakhulukazi ama-dessert noma i-muesli, njengoba inokhilimu omangalisayo uma ihlanzekile. Kukhona futhi izinguqulo ezithambile futhi eziqinile ze-silken tofu, kodwa lezi zivame kakhulu e-Asia kunalapha.

• I-tofu ebhemayo

I-tofu ebhenywa ngokwemvelo inephunga elinamandla ngakho-ke ayisadingi ukufakwa izinongo. Ngokuvamile kubhenywa phezu kwezinkuni ze-beech. Iqinile futhi ingasikwa iqonde ephaketheni, isibonelo esaladini, noma idliwe isikwe esinkwa. Ngaphambi kokuyidla ingathoswa; kodwa futhi ingadliwa iqonde ephaketheni.

Ngenxa yephunga layo elishunqayo, itofu ebhemayo ayihambi kahle kuzo zonke izitsha. Kepha inambitheka kahle (igayiwe noma idayisiwe) ku-Vegan Bolognese, ngokwesibonelo. I-tofu ebhemayo yendawo ngokuvamile isivele ifakwe emanzini e-soy sauce.

• I-tofu ethosiwe

Le tofu ithoswe ngamafutha futhi inambitheka kahle kakhulu ezitsheni zase-Asia. Ungayithola ezitolo ezinkulu zase-Asia noma kunjalo, ungazenzela wena.

• I-Tofu ebilile

I-tofu ebilile ayikaze ibe semakethe eYurophu isikhathi eside. Nokho, iminyaka eminingana ikhiqizwa umkhiqizi we-tofu waseJalimane i-Taifun (“FETO”) futhi idayiswa ezitolo zokudla zezempilo.

Uchwepheshe we-Swiss tofu uSoyana unemikhiqizo eminingana eyenziwe nge-tofu ebilile ngokwehlukana kwayo, isb. B. ukuhluka okuhlukile kwe-vegan cream cheese kanye nokhilimu omuncu we-vegan (njengokhilimu omuncu).

I-tofu ebilile i-tofu yemvelo evutshelwa ngosizo lwamagciwane e-lactic acid. Ngale njongo, i-tofu ifakwa ku-brine, ekhipha amanzi kuwo futhi ivimbele isikhunta noma amabhaktheriya abolayo ekubunjweni (okufana nendlela i-sauerkraut eyenziwa ngayo). I-brine yona yenza indawo ekahle yokuzalanisa amagciwane e-lactic acid. Manje lezi ziguqula isitashi noshukela zibe i-lactic acid, okuholela kumkhiqizo ovutshelwe nge-lactic acid.

Ukuvutshelwa kugcina i-tofu isikhathi eside futhi kuyinikeza ukunambitheka okumuncu. I-tofu ebilile idume kakhulu e-China. Iwayini lelayisi noma uviniga kanye nopelepele, inhlama kabhontshisi, nelayisi kuvame ukungezwa ku-brine, okulenza linambitheke futhi lishise.

I-tofu evutshiwe ibhekwa kulula ukuyigaya ngoba amagciwane e-lactic acid agaya i-tofu, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Njengakho konke ukudla okuvutshiwe, i-tofu evutshiwe nayo ibhekwa njengokudla kwe-probiotic okunomthelela omuhle ezitshalweni zamathumbu. Lapha sethula okunye ukudla okunama-probiotic - kusuka ku-kimchi ne-kombucha kuya ku-kefir nesiphuzo sesinkwa kuya ezithelweni nemifino evutshiwe.

Isipesheli se-tofu Evutshiwe I-Stinky Tofu – I-tofu enukayo

Okukhethekile okukhethekile e-China yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-tofu enukayo". I-silken tofu evutshelwa ku-marinade ekhethekile yezinongo izinyanga ezimbalwa. Bese liyanuka (elifana nezinhlobo ezithile zikashizi ezweni lakithi) futhi lithathwa njengento ewuju. Ngenxa yephunga layo elingena emlonyeni, ngokuvamile lithengiswa kuphela ezindaweni ezithengwayo nasezimakethe, njengoba iphunga linzima ukulithwala endlini.

I-tofu enukayo ngokuvamile iyathoswa ukuze ibe crispy ngaphandle kodwa ihlale ithenda futhi inejusi ngaphakathi bese iphakwa namasoso ababayo.

Okukhethekile Tofu

Ngaphezu kwalokho, manje sekunenqwaba yezinhlobonhlobo ze-tofu eseziqukethe amakhambi, izinongo, noma imifino futhi zifakwe emanzini noma zifakwe kusoso, njenge-basil tofu, i-olive tofu, i-harissa tofu (isoso elishisayo), i-curry tofu, utamatisi - I-tofu, i-nati tofu noma i-tofu enongwe futhi ethosiwe ngaphambili.

Amanani okunomsoco we-tofu yemvelo ne-silken

Amanani omsoco we-tofu yemvelo ami kanje (nge-100 g ngayinye ye-tofu). Inani lokuqala libhekisela ku-tofu yemvelo evamile (kusetshenziswa isibonelo se-Taifun tofu), kanti eyesibili ibhekisela ku-tofu kasilika:

• Inani lekhalori 119 kcal - 52 kcal
• Amanzi 72g - 90g
• Amaprotheni 13 g - 5.5 g
• Amafutha 6.7g - 3.2g
• Ama-carbohydrate - 1.3-0.4 g
• I-fiber 0.6g - 0.4g

Amaprotheni amaningi ku-tofu

I-tofu iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi ngakho-ke ibhekwa ngokufanelekile njengenye indlela enhle esikhundleni senyama. I-tofu eqinile iqukethe isilinganiso esingu-13 kuya ku-15 g wamaprotheni nge-100 g. Kodwa kukhona futhi i-tofu ene-protein engu-18 g nangaphezulu (isb. i-tofu ebhenywayo evela e-Alnatura noma e-Taifun).

Ukuze uqhathanise: 100 g yenkomo iqukethe 19.6 g amaprotheni. Okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni kunquma ukuhambisana kwe-tofu. Ngakho-ke, i-tofu eqinile iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi kune-tofu ethambile kasilika.

Insimbi eningi ku-tofu kunasenyameni

Uma kuziwa ekulandeleni izakhi, okuqukethwe kwe-iron ku-tofu kumangalisa kakhulu. Ngoba i-tofu eqinile engu-100 g iqukethe cishe u-2.5 mg wensimbi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ihlanganisa amaphesenti angu-20 esidingo sansuku zonke (i-silky tofu: 10%).

Uma kuqhathaniswa: inani elifanayo lenyama yenkomo liqukethe cishe u-2.2 mg wensimbi ngakho-ke ingaphansi kwe-tofu. Isidingo sansuku zonke se-manganese sibuye simbozwe cishe ngama-20% (i-tofu kasilika: 10%).

I-Tofu ku-carb ephansi nokudla okunamafutha aphansi

Njengoba i-tofu inamafutha amancane futhi iqukethe ingxenye encane yama-carbohydrates, ifaneleka kokubili ukudla okune-carb ephansi nokudla okunamafutha aphansi. I-tofu eqinile iqukethe amafutha angu-8.7 g kanye nama-carbohydrate angu-0.6 g. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwamanzi, i-silken tofu iqukethe kuphela u-3.2 g wamafutha kanye no-0.4 g wama-carbohydrate.

Okuvamile noma okuphilayo - kufanele unake lokhu lapho uthenga i-tofu
Thenga i-organic tofu njengoba ngale ndlela usekela ukulima okuphilayo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwakho okuhambisana nemvelo. Ubhontshisi wesoya we-organic tofu nawo uya ngokuya uvela ngqo e-EU, ngakho-ke akusadingeki ukuthi angeniswe kwamanye amazwe, okusho ukuthi noma yikuphi ukungcola ngesoya yeGM kungagwenywa.

Manje sekukhona ngisho nobhontshisi wesoya ovela eJalimane, kodwa ukulima okwamanje kungenzeka eningizimu kuphela. Kodwa-ke, umkhiqizi we-tofu u-Taifun uzakhela eyakhe imbewu ephilayo ngenhloso yokuvumela ukutshalwa kwezitshalo zesoya eziphilayo ezikwazi ukumelana nokubanda kulo lonke elaseJalimane.

I-Tofu ayenziwe ngesoya yeGM

I-soy eguqulwe ngofuzo ayisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-tofu ngoba isoya eguquliwe ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ekudleni e-EU. I-GM soy isetshenziswa embonini yokudla kwezilwane kanye nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela futhi ngenxa yalokho ingena ochungechungeni lokudla lwabadla inyama kanye nobisi ngokudla kwezilwane, kodwa hhayi abantu be-vegan.

Zenzele i-tofu yakho

Uma ungathanda ukwenza i-tofu yakho ngokushesha, uzothola imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ye-tofu eqinile ngezansi. Ngaphezu kwezitsha ezijwayelekile ovame ukuba nazo ekhaya (isitsha esikhulu, amasoso amabili, i-blender, induku eshukumisayo, i-skimmer), uzodinga:

Izithako:

• 250 g okungcono, fresh, owomile organic soya bevela eYurophu
• Amanzi (amanzi kampompi ane-lime ephansi, ngaphandle kwalokho amile noma ahlungiwe)
• I-Coagulant (lapha: Nigari, oda ku-inthanethi, isb kwa-Amazon, Power-Soja, noma
• I-Swissecoshop. Lesi sakamuva sinikeza iNigari evela eYurophu, ngaphandle kwalokho iphuma kakhulu eJapan.)
• indwangu yokuhlunga
• I-thermometer yekhishi
• Isikhunta esiyisikwele sokucindezela (kufanele sibe nezimbobo nesivalo esilingana nesikhunta)

Ukulungiselela:

Izinyathelo zokuqala ukuya kwezine zichaza indlela yokwenza ubisi lwakho lwesoya. Ungasebenzisa futhi ubisi lwesoya (ngaphandle kwezithasiselo) oluvela esuphamakethe, kodwa kufanele luqukathe okungenani u-9% wamabhontshisi wesoya. (Uma ungabaza, thintana nomkhiqizi.) Izinyathelo 6 ukuya ku-8 zihlanganisa ukuthi ubisi lwesoya lwenziwa kanjani lube i-tofu.

Indlela yokwenza ubisi lwe-soy

Geza ubhontshisi wesoya kahle bese uwacwilisa endishini enamanzi amaningi ubusuku bonke.
Thela amanzi bese uhlanza ubhontshisi wesoya ocwilisiwe ngo-0.5 l wamanzi imizuzu embalwa.
Shisisa u-200 ml wamanzi epanini elikhulu, engeza ubhontshisi wesoya bese uwayeka apheke imizuzu eyi-10. Amanzi azobila kancane, ngakho hlala useduze futhi ugovuze ngezikhathi ezithile ukugwema ukwakheka kwesikhumba. Bese ukhipha ibhodwe esitofini uliyeke liphole kancane.
Bese ufaka i-soy mass endwangwini yokuhlunga bese uyicindezela kahle phezu kwepani. Okusalayo ebhodweni ubisi lwesoya.
Ubisi lwesoya manje selubiliswe kancane ngo-1 ¼ l wamanzi asivivi. Bese unciphisa ukushisa futhi uvumele ubisi lwe-soy lubile cishe imizuzu engu-5, luvuselela ngezikhathi ezithile. Manje beka ibhodwe eceleni ukuze uvumele ubisi lwesoya luphole kancane (kufanele lube phakathi kuka-75 no-80 °C ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilandelayo).

Indlela yokwenza i-tofu ngobisi lwe-soy

Uma usebenzisa ubisi lwe-soy oluthengiwe, ukushisa i-1 l yalo kuya ku-75 kuya ku-80 ° C bese uqala ukwenza i-tofu kuleli phuzu (noma kunjalo, umphumela ungahluka kakhulu kuye ngobisi lwesoya).

Chaza izipuni eziyi-1½ ze-nigari ku-100ml wamanzi abandayo.
Gcoba ngobumnene i-coagulant encibilikisiwe obisini lwesoya, faka isivalo bese ulinda cishe imizuzu engu-15 kuze kube yilapho ubisi lwesoya selugobile (iprotheni ihlukene ne-whey).
Beka umumo wesikwele nge-cheesecloth. Ngokufanelekile, i-pan izoba nezimbobo ezinhlangothini ukuze uvumele uketshezi ukuba lukhiphe futhi i-tofu iqede amanzi. Faka inqwaba ye-tofu engutsheni bese uvala ngesivalo esilingana nesikhunta ncamashi. Ungathenga izimo ze-tofu ezikhethekile zalokhu (kusuka cishe kuma-euro angu-4). Khona-ke, kuye ngosayizi wesikhunta sakho, linganisa isivalo ngebhodlela lamanzi elilodwa noma amabili angu-0.75 l imizuzu engu-25 ukuze isisindo sakheke sibe i-tofu block enhle futhi uketshezi luphele.

Lena yindlela i-tofu egcinwa ngayo

Kungcono ukubeka "ushizi kabhontshisi" wakho wasekhaya endishini bese umboza ngamanzi. Ungakwazi futhi ukwengeza usawoti omncane emanzini uma unganaki ukunambitheka futhi ungafuni ukusebenzisa i-tofu ekwenzeni ama-dessert. Lokhu kugcina i-tofu efrijini isikhathi esingangesonto (ngaphandle kosawoti cishe izinsuku ezingu-4). Yenza okufanayo nge-tofu ethengiwe esitolo uma ungadingi lonke ibhulokhi ye-tofu ukuze uthole iresiphi.