Crystal Nelson
Ke hoʻoweliweli nei kahi maʻi fungal koʻikoʻi i nā mahi kanu maiʻa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa ka maʻi maiʻa TR4 i nā ʻano like ʻole e pili ana i ka 99 pakeneka o nā maiʻa a pau i waho.
ʻO kahi maʻi fungal i kapa ʻia ʻo Tropical Race (TR4) ke hoʻoweliweli nei i ka ʻano maiʻa Cavendish. I kēia manawa ʻaʻohe lāʻau antidote.
I kēia manawa ua hōʻea mai ka halo i Costa Rica. Ua hoʻolaha ka ʻāina i kahi kūlana phytosanitary o ka pilikia.
ʻAʻole pōʻino ka haʻupaʻa i ke kanaka, akā make i ka mea kanu maiʻa.
Ma hope o ka ʻāpala, ʻo ka maiʻa ka hua kaulana loa ma Kelemānia: ʻai kēlā me kēia o mākou i ka awelika he ʻumikumamālua kilokani o ka hua melemele i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I kēia manawa aia ka maiʻa i ka pōʻino nui: ua hoʻolaha ʻia kahi haʻi no nā makahiki he nui, ʻaʻohe lāʻau antidote i kēia manawa. I kēia manawa ua hōʻea ʻia ka maʻi fungal aggressive Tropical Race 4 (TR4) i ka ʻāina kahi kokoke i nā maiʻa āpau i kā mākou hale kūʻai nui: ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.
ʻO ka haʻu pōʻino: Aia ka maiʻa i ka pōʻino
I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa ka maʻi maiʻa ma Asia a me ʻApelika, kahi i luku ai i nā mea kanu āpau. I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa pū i nā ʻepekema ʻo TR4 ma ʻAmelika Hema. Ua ʻike lākou i ka pathogen ma nā mea kanu ma ke komohana ʻākau o Colombia, a ma Costa Rica i kēia kauwela. He koʻikoʻi ka laha ʻana no ka mea ʻo ʻAmelika Hema ka wahi ulu nui loa no ka maiʻa no ka mākeke ʻEulopa.
ʻAʻole koke ka maiʻa?
"Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ka TR4 i nā ʻano maiʻa Cavendish," wehewehe ka German Fruit Trade Association. "E makaʻu ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana ʻaʻole e loaʻa hou nā maiʻa o ka ʻano Cavendish no ka mākeke Kelemania."
ʻO kēia ka mea e maʻalahi ai ka maiʻa
He pōʻino loa ka maʻi maiʻa no ka mea, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe i ka maiʻa Cavendish: Ua mahi ʻia i ka monocultures a ʻo ia ka maiʻa nui loa i lawe ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ma Kelemania he ʻāpana mākeke o 90 pakeneka.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka maiʻa i kanu ʻia he mau clones genetically identical, kahi e maʻalahi ai lākou i nā maʻi. ʻAʻole hua mai ka maiʻa Cavendish i nā ʻanoʻano no ka mea he nui a paʻakikī ka hua maiʻa a ʻaʻole ʻono loa. ʻO ia ke kumu i hānai ʻia ai ka maiʻa, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻolaha ma o nā hua, akā loaʻa mai nā mea kanu. ʻO kēlā me kēia mea kanu ʻōpiopio he clone o ka mea kanu kahiko. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻonanea ai no ka mahiʻai nui - ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki i nā mea kanu like like ke maʻalahi i nā maʻi.
ʻO ka maʻi maiʻa weliweli TR4
Hoʻopilikia ka ʻeke ʻeke o ka genus Fusarium i ka maiʻa ma nā aʻa a me ka lohi akā ʻoiaʻiʻo e make ia. Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia no ka mahi maiʻa no ka mea hiki ke ola i ka lepo no nā makahiki.
Pehea e ola ai ka maia?
ʻAʻohe fungicide maikaʻi, ʻaʻohe ʻano maiʻa kūpaʻa ʻē aʻe i mākaukau e hoʻoulu ʻia ma ka nui. Ke hana nei nā kānaka ʻepekema e ʻimi i nā kūʻē i ka maiʻa hihiu a hoʻoili iā lākou i ka maiʻa Cavendish. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hele ʻana i ka maiʻa Cavendish me nā ʻano maiʻa hihiu, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hana hou ka maiʻa i kanu ʻia ma o nā hua. Ke hana nei nā mea noiʻi i nā ʻenehana ʻenekinia e hoʻohua ai i ka maiʻa kū i nā maʻi fungal a me nā maʻi viral.
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pathogen TR4, ua haʻi ʻo Kolombia i kahi ulia pōpilikia a hāʻawi i 18 miliona mau kālā e hakakā ai. Ke hana nei ke aupuni a me nā mea mahiko i nā mea a pau e pale aku ai i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi. Ua hoʻolaha pū ʻo Costa Rica i kahi kūlana phytosanitary o ka pilikia.
ʻO ka maiʻa organik ka koho maikaʻi loa - akā no ka TR4, ʻaʻole kōkua ka loaʻa ʻana i nā waiwai kūlohelohe, pili ka haʻuki i nā huaʻala like me nā mea maʻamau.
ʻAʻole pōʻino ka maʻi i ke kanaka
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o ke ahulau maiʻa ma kā mākou hale kūʻai. ʻAʻole pono ka poʻe aloha maiʻa i kēia ʻāina e makaʻu iā TR4, ʻaʻole ʻino loa ka maʻi fungal i nā kānaka. Eia naʻe, inā e hoʻopau mālie ʻia nā mahi maiʻa ʻAmelika Hema, e alakaʻi pū ana kēia i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai maiʻa ma kēia ʻāina.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e nalowale ana nā ʻāina e hoʻokuʻu aku nei i ka waiwai nui mai ke kālepa ʻana i nā huaʻai kaulana i ka honua, a ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa hou kahi meaʻai nui i ka lehulehu.
He hoʻoweliweli hou ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka maiʻa
ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli wale ka fungus i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka maiʻa. Hiki i ka hoʻololi ʻana ke hoʻololi i ka ʻohi maiʻa i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻōlelo ka poʻe noiʻi ma ka puke pai Nature Climate Change. Mai ka makahiki 2050, hiki i ka nui o nā pohō o nā mea kanu, ʻoi loa ma India, Brazil a me Kolombia.
