Elizabeth Bailey
Indasitiri yehove iri kuparadza makungwa uye hove dziri kushomeka. Hatichatenderwi kudya hove here? Kuongorora.
Iyo Netflix documentary Seaspiracy yaive pakati pemafirimu gumi akatariswa zvakanyanya muchirimo chino. Anofanira kunge akazunungusa vanhu vakawanda. Mune pillory: makungwa akarevesa, mafia-sezvimiro muindasitiri yekuredza uye zvinofungidzirwa zvisimbiso zvisingakodzeri mapepa avo.
Haasi ese echokwadi mufirimu akaferefetwa nemazvo, uye anogona zvakare kunyadzisa zvishoma zvakawandisa, sekupomerawo kwevanochengetedza mugungwa. Asi iyo yekutanga meseji ndeyechokwadi: mamiriro acho akakomba. Zvakakomba zvikuru.
93 muzana yehove dzehove dzakaredza kusvika padzinogumira
Nzara yehove yakakura zvikuru kupfuura iyo nyanza dzinopa. Muuyo wacho kuredza hove, uye kunotapura makungwa makuru pamwe chete neGungwa duku reBaltic riri pamusuo wedu.
93 muzana yehove dzepasi rose dzinoredzwa kusvika kwadzinogumira, inopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chadzo dzakatodyiswa zvakanyanyisa, sezvakaonekwa mushumo wehove weFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO) gore rapfuura. 90 muzana yehove huru dzinodya senge tuna, swordfish uye cod dzakatonyangarika kubva mumakungwa.
Kubata hove kunoburitsa CO₂ yakawanda kupfuura kubhururuka
Kubata hove hakusi kungoita zvinoparadza pakuenzanisa kwezvisikwa mugungwa, asiwo pakuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kubata hove, uko kunobata chikamu chimwe muzvina chehove dzenyika, kwave kuchishorwa. Aya makiromita emambure anogona kudzikiswa kure zvikuru mugungwa rakadzika uye kutora makumi ezviuru zvemakirogiramu ezvipenyu zvomugungwa mukubata kumwe chete.
Senyuchi dzepasi, dzinodzikiswa pasi pegungwa, dzinoparadza mafuro makuru emugungwa, macoral reef kana mibhedha yemhashu nemarata adzo akabatanidzwa uye nokudaro inoparadza nzvimbo yakakosha yekugara kwemakumi emakore.
Ongororo ichangoburwa ne26 US masayendisiti emamiriro ekunze uye nyanzvi dzehupfumi dzinoverengera kuti kudzika pasi mumakungwa kunoburitsa 1.5 gigatonnes yeCO₂ pagore, kupfuura kubhururuka kwepasirese. Sezvo? Nekuvhura idzo nyika dzepasi pemvura dzakamedza huwandu hukuru hweCO₂ yakagadzirwa nevanhu mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura: Huswa hwegungwa, semuenzaniso, hunogona kuchengeta zvakapetwa kagumi CO₂ paskweya kilometa sesango redu.
Idya hove shoma - ndiyo mhinduro?
Vanhu vorega kudya hove here? Iyo firimu Seaspiracy inoratidza izvozvo. Nekudaro, hove chikamu chakakosha chekudya kwevanhu vanosvika mabhiriyoni matatu pasi rose, uye zvakaoma kutsiva senzvimbo inokwanisika yemapuroteni, kunyanya munyika dzichiri kusimukira.
Mugwaro rayo rehove, WWF yakataurawo nguva pfupi yadarika kuti kuderedza kudyiwa kwehove ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekudzivirira makungwa epasi rose. Zvisinei, nyanzvi yokuredza yeWWF Philipp Kanstinger ine chokwadi chokuti: “Tinogona kugadzira hove nenzira yokuti kunoenderana nekudya kunovaka muviri.” Uye kusiyana nedzimwe nyika muGlobal South, isu tine sarudzo: Tinogona kungoziva chete kutenga mamwe marudzi ehove. Uye hongu: Tinogonawo kudya hove shoma uye nekuchenjera kutsiva chikafu chayo chakasiyana.
Ndeipi hove inoshanda uye isingashande?
Nehurombo, hazvisi nyore kuti vatengi vatarise zvinhu. Ihove dzipi dzichiri dzingangoguma dzapinda mubhasikiti rezvitoro nehana yakachena dzinotsamira zvikurukuru pazvikonzero zvitatu: Hutano hwakadini masheya ari munzvimbo yokuredza, anongokwana chete anotorwa kubva mugungwa kuti aya matura akwanise kudzokororwa zvakare uyezve, uye inzira ipi inoshandiswa kubata vakabatwa. Hapasisina marudzi akawanda ehove ayo nyanzvi dzinogona kukurudzira pasina kuzeza: iyo carp yemunharaunda imwe yacho.
Dr Rainer Froese kubva kuGeomar Helmholtz Center yeOcean Research inopawo kuenderera mberi kwesalmon yemusango kubva kuAlaska uye kusvetuka kubva kuNorth Sea. Zvakare kuAlaska pollock kubva kune mamwe masheya ane hutano muNorth Pacific. Mukuedza kwedu takaongorora zvigadzirwa zvehove dzakaomeswa nechando. Zvakawanda zvinokurudzirwa.
Maererano naFroese, nzvimbo yehove yepamhenderekedzo yegungwa, flounder uye turbot zvakanaka kana ichibva kuGungwa reBaltic uye yakabatwa nemagillnet.
Vatengi vanowana zvakaoma kuziva kuti ndedzipi hove dzokutenga
Iyo chaiyo (sub-) nzvimbo yekuredza uye nzira yekubata hove inowanzo ziviswa pahove dzakaoma nechando musupermarket kana inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza neQR kodhi. Iwe unofanirwa kuikumbira muresitorendi kana kune fishmonger's. Sokunge izvo zvisina kuomesesa zvakakwana, iwo mastocks anochinja zvakare uye zvakare uye pamwe navo kurudziro yenyanzvi.
Gwaro rehove reWWF, iro rinovandudzwa kakawanda pagore uye nemitengo yemhando dzehove uchishandisa traffic light system, inopa muono wakanaka.
Dzimwe mhando dzehove dzakakurumbira dzakasvibira ipapo, dzinenge dzenzvimbo dzekuredza dzega, uye saka "isarudzo yakanaka" mumeso eWWF:
Redfish yakabatwa nepelagic otter trawls kubva kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kweArctic kana halibut kubva kuEuropean aquaculture vari pakati pazvo.
Sekureva kweWWF, mhashu dzakakwanawo kana dzichibva kumhuka.
Asi kunewo mhando dzehove dzakawanda dziri mungozi yokutsakatika dzisiri mubhasikiti rekutengesa, pasinei nokuti dzakabatwa sei uye kupi. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Eel uye Dogfish (Zviri Mungozi Kuparara)
- boka
- mwaranzi
- bluefin prickly pear
Nekudaro, vatengesi nemaresitorendi vanopawo mhando dzakadaro sechinhu chaicho.
Kuwanda kwekubata hove neMSC seal hakuna kugadzikana
Ngativei vakatendeseka: Nesango iri remitoo yekubata hove uye kugara uchichinja masheya, kutenga hove zvine hungwaru inyaya yakaoma. Chisimbiso chakanaka chinoita kuti hove dzemusango dzinogara dzizivikanwe pakutanga kuona ndicho chinonyanya kudiwa nekukurumidza.
Iyo yebhuruu label Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) yakatanga nepfungwa iyi makore makumi maviri apfuura. Asi mumakore achangopfuura kushoropodzwa kwechisimbiso kwakawedzera, uye munguva pfupi yapfuura WWF, iyo yakavamba MSC makore makumi maviri apfuura, yakazvitsaurawo.
“Semaonero edu, huwandu huri kuramba huchikura hwekubata hove muMSC hahuna kugadzikana,” anotsanangura kudaro Philipp Kanstinger. Zvinopomerwa: kuzvimirira kweMSC kuri panjodzi nekuti macertifir anosarudzwa uye anobhadharwa nevehove pachavo; chiyero chakapfaviswa zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuwana chisimbiso chehove dzakabatwa ne trawl kana decoy buoys.
Hove-Siegel: Kazhinji kwete kupfuura yakaderera mwero
Muedzo wedu wehove dzakaoma muchando unosimbisa izvozvo chaizvo. Mugwaro rayo rehove razvino, WWF haichape kurudziro yehove dzeMSC-certified, asi inongokurudzira chinyorwa se "rubatsiro rwekuita sarudzo nekukurumidza kana pasina nguva yakakwana yegwaro rehove".
Chiratidzo chaimbova chegoridhe, anodaro Kanstinger, “nhasi chingori mwero wakaderera.”
Asi certified iri nani pane isina certified, nekuti iyo label inovimbisa mapoinzi maviri:
Kutanga, kuti hove hadzisi kubva kune zvisiri pamutemo.
Uye chechipiri, kuti cheni yekugovera inogona kurondwa zvakavimbika kubva muchikepe chekubata kuenda kune processor - hwaro hwakakosha hwekuona kusimba kwekubata uye nekukwanisa kugadzirisa zvichemo.
Chisimbiso chehove cheNaturland ndicho chakanyanya kuomarara kuhove dzinobva ku aquaculture
Chisimbiso chehove dzemusango cheNaturland, chakapihwa nesangano renyika dzepasi rose chekurima organic, haina kunyanya kuwanda. Nechinyorwa ichi, kubata hove hakungofanire kusangana nemamiriro ekunze chete, asiwo tsika dzemagariro pamwe neketani yese yekukosha. Asi kunyange pano vatengi havagoni kuva nechokwadi chakakwana chokuti hapana hove yakapinzwa zvisiri pamutemo kubva munzvimbo dzisina kukwana kana kuti nzira dzokuredza dzine dambudziko.
Mamiriro acho akasiyana nechisimbiso icho Naturland inopa mibairo yakanangana nehove kubva ku aquaculture: parizvino ndiyo yakanyanya kusimba muGermany. Nekuti nzvimbo dzakakura dzekuberekesa dzinokonzera matambudziko akasiyana zvachose pane kubata hove mugungwa: kurima fekitori nenzvimbo shoma, kushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana kudya kukuru kwehove dzesango nesoya.
Izvi ndizvo zvinorehwa nechisimbiso cheNaturland:
Kuchengeta densities iri pasi peiyo yezvigadzirwa zve organic.
Inorambidza kudya hove dzemusango
Inodzora magariro evashandi vehove
Ndeipi imwe nzira iripo yekuredza?
Zvechokwadi, mhinduro yakanakisisa yezvose ingadai iri kudya hove shoma. Nekuti kana isu zvino tikatenga hove kubva muzvitoro zvine hutano tisingazvidzore, idzowo dzichauya pasi pekumanikidzwa.
Zvisinei, nokuda kwoutano, German Society for Nutrition yagara ichikurudzira kudya hove kamwe kana kuti kaviri pavhiki. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nekuda kweiyo yakakosha omega-3 fatty acids, ine maviri-refu-chain omega-3 fatty acids EPA uye DHA kunyanya ichinzi inoderedza njodzi yechirwere chemoyo.
Asi ndiwo zvakare akaoma zvikuru kutsiva. Linseed, rapeseed kana walnut mafuta inogona kubatsira kune omega-3 kupihwa, asi iyo alpha-linolenic acid yainayo inogona kungoshandurwa zvishoma kuita EPA neDHA.
The Federal Center for Nutrition inokurudzira kuti chero munhu anosarudza kurega hove kakawanda anogona kutsiva iyo ne microalgae uye algae mafuta. Kune zvakare mafuta emiriwo pamusika anofumiswa neDHA kubva kumicroalgae, senge DHA linseed mafuta.
IEuropean Food Safety Authority EFSA inokurudzira chiyero chezuva nezuva che250 mg DHA kuvanhu vakuru. Sezvineiwo, algae inopawo kuravira kwehove uye inopa zvimwe zvakakosha zvinovaka muviri. Nekudaro, mutengo wezvakatipoteredza wekugadzirwa kwealgae hauna kuderera zvakanyanya pane nehove, sezvakaitwa ne2020 kudzidza neYunivhesiti yeHalle-Wittenberg.
Zvinotsiva hove zvine kudya kwakasiyana pane hove
Nekune rumwe rutivi, kana ukangopotsa kuravira kwehove: pari zvino pane huwandu hwakakura hwezvigadzirwa zvinotsiva hove zvevegan pamusika, kubva pazvigunwe zvehove zvakadyarwa kusvika pakutevedzera shrimp. Iyi inotsiva hove inowanzogadzirwa ne tofu kana gorosi protein base, dzimwe nguva ine muriwo kana jackfruit base.
Nezve zvinovaka muviri, zvisinei, zvigadzirwa izvi kazhinji hazvigone kuenderana nemhuka yepakutanga, sekuongororwa kwakaitwa neHesse vatengi zano Center kunoratidza. Muviri unoshandisa mapuroteni emiriwo zvakasiyana nemapuroteni emhuka. Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvezvigadzirwa zvinotsiva hove zvinogadziriswa zvakanyanya uye kazhinji hapana omega-3 yekuwedzera zvachose.
Kubata hove: izvo zvematongerwo enyika zvinofanirwa kuita
Sangano rezvemhoteredzo reGreenpeace riri kuda kuti United Nations isarudze dandemutande renzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemugungwa dzinofukidza chikamu chinosvika makumi matatu kubva muzana chemakungwa. Pari zvino, isingasviki 30 muzana ndiyo inorambidzwa kubata hove kana kuti kudzorwa.
Chechipiri chinodiwa kubva kune vezvekuchengetedzwa kwemakungwa kune vezvematongerwo enyika: Gwaro rekubata hove reEU rinofanirwa kunge richienderana zvakanyanya kubva pakurudziro dzesainzi dzekubata hove kunoenderera mberi mumatanho ayo akatemerwa gore negore. Izvi zvinoreva kuti: Zvakawanda chete zvinorevedzwa zvekuti masheya ekutanga anosara uye masheya anogona kupora zvakare. "Nehurombo, idzi kurudziro kazhinji hadzitevedzwe," anonyunyuta Philipp Kanstinger.
Chinhu chechitatu pagwaro rezvamatongerwe ezvekuita zvichave kubata kubata hove zvisiri pamutemo. Pamusoro pematani mamiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe ehove dzinobatwa gore negore, imwe 90 kubva muzana inonyangarika zvisiri pamutemo kubva mumakungwa – pamagwa asina basa zvachose nemitemo yekuredza kana nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa.
