John Myers
Kune vamwe, glutamate chinhu chakakosha mukudya kwezuva nezuva, kune vamwe, iurotoxin inofanirwa kudzivirirwa zvakanyanya. Mushure mekudya kwakagadzirirwa uye kicheni yekudyira, iyo inopokana flavour inosimudzira inoita kunge inoda kukunda mapoto ekubikira mudzimba dzega. Iyo inonaka itsva inonzi umami haitsananguri chimwe chinhu kunze kwekunaka kwe glutamate.
Umami - kuravira kwechishanu
Sayenzi yokuMadokero yakagara ichifunga kuti rurimi rune zvinogamuchira kuravidza zvina—zvinotapira, zvine munyu, kuvava, uye kuvava. Kare muna 1908, muongorori wechiJapan Ikeda akaziva kuravira kwechishanu se "umami" - izwi rechiJapan rinoreva "moyo, nyama, inonaka, kana inonaka". Akaona kuti umami flavour yaikonzerwa ne glutamate.
Anenge zana rimwe gare gare, muna 2000, masayendisiti paYunivhesiti yeMiami akawana zvinosanganiswa zvekuravira parurimi. Taste receptors inoratidza kuravira kwe glutamate. Nekudaro, sekureva kwemasaenzi, iyo glutamate receptors inongobata kana imwe yezvimwe zvina zvinonaka zviripo panguva imwe chete.
Glutamate muzvokudya zvepanyama
Iyo amino acid glutamic acid nemunyu wayo - iyo glutamates - inokonzera kuravira kunonzi umami. Glutamic acid inowanzoitika muzvokudya zvine mapuroteni akawanda senyama uye anchovies, asi inowanikwawo mumaorivhi, madomasi akaibva, uye kunyange mukaka waamai. Munguva yekuvirisa, glutamate inoumbwawo muzvokudya zvakaviriswa zvakadai sechizi kana soy muto.
Glutamate - kuguma kweunyanzvi hwekubika
Mushure mekuwanikwa kwe glutamate naVaIkeda, kugadzirwa kwekugadzirwa kweglutamate kwakatanga. Zita rayo rakazara rinonzi monosodium glutamate kana MSG (kubva kuChirungu: monosodium glutamate). Sezvo yaipa zvokudya zvose kuravira kwaifungidzirwa kuti inoshamisa, yakakurumidza kushandiswa mumakicheni emucanteen, nokuda kwezvokudya zvagadzirwa, musanganiswa wezvinonhuhwira, uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinogadzirwa zvakatogadzirwa.
Saka yakawedzerwa mufomu yakanyungudutswa yakananga kune yakafanira chikafu. Chaiyo culinary art yaive - zvirinani kune vamwe vanhu - isingachadiwe kubva zvino zvichienda mberi. Glutamate yakatsiva zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinonhuwira, miriwo inonhuhwirira, uye nzira dzekugadzirira dzinopedza nguva.
Drug glutamate
Nekuti yakanyanya glutamate inoita senge mushonga mumuviri, inopindwa muropa, uye inogona kukonzera kukuvara kwehuropi nemaziso, havasi vese vanoda glutamate muchikafu chavo. Vanhu vanonzwa vanokwanisawo kuona zviratidzo zvakaita sekutemwa nemusoro, kutemwa nemusoro, uye kusvotwa nekukurumidza mushure mekudya huwandu husina kujairika hwe glutamate. Glutamate inonyanya kukanganisa hutano.
Vanhu vanongodya zvinyoro zvinyoro uye zvakarungwa zvechisikigo vobva vadya zvakanyanya muresitorendi vanowana iko kwese uye kwakanyanyisa kuravira kwemoyo kweglutamate kunosemesa uye nekuzonzwa kusagadzikana. Kuwedzera nyota ndechimwe chiratidzo chekuti muviri unoda kubvisa glutamate nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
Disguised glutamate
Migumisiro yakaipa ye glutamate uye kuderera kwayo kwakatevera mukuzivikanwa kwevatengi kwakaita kuti indasitiri yezvokudya itangezve. Vanhu vanogara vachiverenga rondedzero yezvigadzirwa pazvikafu zvakapetwa uye vanorega kutenga chigadzirwa chiri mubvunzo kana izwi rekuti glutamate rinouya rinofanira kunyengedzwa zvishoma mune ramangwana.
Iyo chaiyo yekududza glutamate saka yakadziviswa pane rondedzero yezvigadzirwa kusvika pazvinogoneka. Saka kana ukaverenga zvinhu zvakadai
- autolyzed yeast
- mbiriso ye hydrolyzed
- yeast extract
- hydrolyzed yemiriwo protein
- protein isolates kana
- soy extracts
zvino iwe zvino unoziva kuti aya angori mazita akasiyana e glutamate.
Glutamate mumachubhu
Ikozvino, munyori weBritish uye chef Laura Santini vakawana nzira nyowani yekuwana glutamate yakananga pamahwendefa evatengi muhuwandu hukuru - uye pasina kuita kuti vatengi vane hutano vafunge nezve glutamate kana vachidzidza rondedzero yezvigadzirwa.
Santini muzvinabhizimisi akangwara akatotangisa kuunganidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwezvipfeko zvakagadzirirwa, zvinonhuwira, uye kusiyana kwemunyu nekubudirira kukuru pamusika wepasi rose.
Iye zvino akagadzira spice paste inonzi "Taste No. 5", iyo iri kutotengeswa nemaketani makuru ezvitoro muUK. Zvinonyanya kusanganiswa ndezveanchovies, maorivhi, Parmesan cheese, uye porcini howa, izvo zvinonzwika zvisingakuvadzi zvachose.
Muchokwadi, bhatani kwete. 5 asi hapana chinopfuura pure glutamate, iyo yakazadzwa mumachubhu uye zvirokwazvo ichakurumidza kuwana vateveri vanofarira muEurope yese. Zviunganidzo zveSantini zvinoshambadzwa zvinobudirira ne "kuravira kwemashiripiti" izvo vese vanobika mahara nevabiki venyeredzi vanga vakamirira uye zvinogona kushandura chero chikafu kuita chinonaka zvisingatsananguriki. Kushambadza kwakachenjera kwakatove kwakagadzirwa nekubudirira uye Santini akati nemufaro mubvunzurudzo: "Kuravira Nhamba 5 kwave kurova pasi."
