IiAntioxidants zikhusela iiseli zethu

Iiradicals zasimahla ziyingcambu yeengxaki ezininzi zempilo. Zihlasela iiseli zethu kwaye zinokuzenza zingasebenzi. Funda ngoku ukuba yeyiphi i-antioxidants ebonelela ngokhuseleko oluthembekileyo kwaye kukuphi ukutya okuquletheyo!

Iiradicals zasimahla zihlasela iiseli kunye ne-antioxidants zikhusela

Iiradicals zasimahla ziimolekyuli ezineoksijini ezingazinzanga ngokuyingozi kuba ziphosa i-electron kwisakhiwo sazo sekhemikhali. Awuphelelanga. Ke bajonge i-electron ehambelanayo ukuba iphinde ibe yinto epheleleyo.

Kolu kukhangela iqabane elibophelelayo elifanelekileyo, i-radicals yamahhala ayinabubele kakhulu kwaye, ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, ikhawuleza kakhulu. Xa i-radical yamahhala yenziwa, kuthatha i-record-breaking 10-11 imizuzwana (0.00000000001 imizuzwana) ukuhlasela naliphi na ixhoba.

Ixhwila ngamandla ielectron eyidingayo kweyona molekyuli ilandelayo ingaguqukiyo (umzekelo, iimolekyuli zenwebu yeseli, iiproteni, okanye iDNA). Oku kubiwa kwe-electron kubizwa ngokuba yi-oxidation. Ekubeni i-oxidation - ngokukhawuleza idlula umlinganiselo onyamezelekayo - ibeka uxinzelelo emzimbeni, kubhekiselwa kuyo njengoxinzelelo lwe-oxidative.

Iiradicals zasimahla kunye neziphumo zazo kumzimba

I-molecule ebiwe ngoku ilahlekile i-electron. Ke ngoku iba yi-radical yasimahla ngokwayo kwaye iya kukhangela ixhoba elinokuphanga i-electron.

Ngale ndlela, ukusabela kwekhonkco eliyingozi kumiselwe. Ukugxininiswa okuphezulu kweeradicals zasimahla ke ngoko kunokubangela ukusabela okungabalekiyo kwekhonkco, okunokuthi ekugqibeleni kukhokhelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu loxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kwaye ngaloo ndlela kulo monakalo mkhulu ulandelayo emzimbeni:

• Imisebenzi yeeseli ezithintelweyo okanye ukufa kweeseli ngenxa yomonakalo we-membrane
• Umonakalo we-DNA obangela ulwahlulo olungalawulwayo lweeseli (uphuhliso lomhlaza)
• ukungasebenzi kwee-enzymes
• Ukwakhiwa okuncitshisiweyo kweeprotheni ezingapheliyo
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kwee-receptors kumphezulu weseli: Ii-receptors ziiprotheyini ezithile kumphezulu weseli, apho-ngokwesitshixo kunye nomgaqo-siseko obalulekileyo - iihomoni ezifanelekileyo, ii-enzymes, okanye ezinye izinto ezinokubamba. Le docking ithumela uphawu oluthile kwiseli. Ngokomzekelo, iiseli zine-receptors ye-insulin yehomoni. Xa i-insulin ibophelela kula ma-receptors, iseli ifumana umqondiso wokuthatha i-glucose. Umgaqo-siseko wokukhiya ufana nohlobo lwekhowudi ejoliswe ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izinto ezithile kuphela zinokubopha kwi-receptor ehambelanayo kwaye kuphela izinto "ezigunyazisiweyo" ezithunyelwa kwiiseli. Izinto (umz. iityhefu) ezingena “sitshixo” ziyalelwa ukufikelela kwiiseli. I-radicals yamahhala inokutshabalalisa i-receptors kwaye ngaloo ndlela inqande ukuhanjiswa kwesignali. Ukuba, umzekelo, ii-receptors ze-insulin zitshatyalalisiwe, iseli ekuthethwa ngayo ayisayifumani nayiphi na i-glucose, okt ayisekho mafutha, kwaye iyafa.
  Ii-Antioxidants ziyimfuneko kuba iiradicals zasimahla ziwonakalisa umzimba
  Iiradicals zasimahla zibangela umonakalo omkhulu emizimbeni yethu. Ukuba uyazazi wena kunye neengxaki zakho kolu luhlu lungezantsi, kufuneka uzame ukutya okunempilo.

Ii-Antioxidants zikhusela ulusu

Ngokukodwa, lo monakalo obangelwa yi-radicals yamahhala uzibonakalisa, ngokomzekelo, kwisikhumba esishwabeneyo nesingwevu esingenalo naluphi na u-elasticity, kubuthathaka be-venous, kunye ne-varicose veins, ekubeni i-radicals yamahhala nayo yonakalise imithwalo yegazi. Le yokugqibela inokuzibonakalisa kwakhona kuxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nezinye iingxaki zentliziyo.

Ii-Antioxidants zikhusela amehlo

Ukuba iinqanawa ezintle zamehlo zichaphazelekayo, iimpawu zokunciphisa kunye nombono oncitshisiweyo zenzeka apho.

Ii-Antioxidants zikhusela ingqondo

Ukuba iiradicals zasimahla zihlasela imithambo yegazi ebuchotsheni, kungekudala okanye kamva oku kunokukhokelela kwistroke. Ukuba imithambo-luvo ebuchotsheni yiyo ekujoliswe kuyo ekuhlaselweni, oku kuphazamisa ukuphaphama kwengqondo kwaye kunokukhuthaza ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Ii-Antioxidants zikhusela izicubu ze-cartilage

I-radicals yamahhala inokuhlasela i-collagen kwi-cartilage kwaye ichaphazele isakhiwo sayo se-molecular, esingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezidibeneyo ezifana ne-arthritis.

Ii-Antioxidants zinokukhusela kumhlaza

Ukuba i-DNA yeeseli yonakaliswe ngama-radicals amahhala, oku kunokukhokelela kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-cell degeneration. Ukuba iinkqubo zomzimba ezimele ukuba zivale le seli ingafanelekanga, ziyasilela, le seli inokuphindaphindeka kwaye ithumba libe nomhlaza. Funda kwakhona: IiVithamini zikhusela umhlaza. Ii-Antioxidants zaboniswa ukukhusela kumhlaza kolu phononongo ( 5Trusted Source).

Olu khetho oluncinci lweziphumo ezinobungozi ezinokuthi zenzeke kwii-radicals zamahhala zibonisa ukuba akuyi kuba nomfanekiso omnye weklinikhi ukuba i-radicals yamahhala ayibandakanyekanga ekudaleni.

Ii-Antioxidants ngabancedi abasweleyo

Kuphela i-antioxidant (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-free radical scavenger) inokuphazamisa i-chain reaction of radicals yamahhala kwaye ngaloo ndlela ikhusela umonakalo weseli.

Ke ngaphambi kokuba iiradicals zasimahla zihluthe i-electron kwi-membrane yeseli okanye kwiprotein ebalulekileyo yomzimba, i-antioxidants iyangena kwaye ngokuzithandela inikele enye yee-electron zabo kwi-radical yasimahla. Ke i-antioxidants inikela ngee-electron zabo ngokulula ngakumbi kunenwebu yeseli okanye i-DNA.

Ngale ndlela, iiseli zomzimba zihlala zikhuselekile xa kukho i-antioxidants eyaneleyo.

I-antioxidant iqinisekisa ukuba iiseli zomzimba zikhuselwe kuhlaselo lweradical free ngeendlela ezimbini:

Ii-Antioxidants zinika ii-electron ngokuzithandela ukukhusela iiseli.

Ii-Antioxidants ngokwazo azizange zibe yi-radical yasimahla okanye-emva kokuba zinikezele nge-electron-zibuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza kwifom yazo ye-antioxidant kwaye ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuphela ngokukhawuleza kwi-reaction ye-chain chain. Umzekelo, ukuba i-antioxidant yevithamin E ingasebenzi i-radical, iya kuba yi-radical yamahhala okwethutyana, ebizwa ngokuba yi-vitamin E radical. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunakuze kube nemiphumo emibi, njengoko ibuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza kwimo yayo yokuqala nge-vitamin C ukuze iphinde isebenze njenge-antioxidant. Oku kuhlaziywa kwe-vitamin E radical ngomnye wemisebenzi ebalulekileyo ye-vitamin C.
Iiradicals zasimahla kunye ne-antioxidants kumaxesha angaphambili
Iiradicals zasimahla zifumana irap embi kwaye kubonakala ngathi akukho nto sidinga ukugxila kuyo ngaphezu kokuyiphelisa.

Enyanisweni, nangona kunjalo, iiradicals zamahhala bezikhona ixesha elide (okanye ixesha elide) njengoko kukho ubomi emhlabeni. Izilwanyana kunye nezityalo kwakukudala zaphuhlisa amaqhinga amaninzi okutshabalalisa xa ookhokho bethu babesajinga besuka kwelinye isebe begquma. Ngelo xesha kwakungekho mfuneko yokunyamekela ngenkuthalo kunye nokunyamekela ii-radicals zamahhala.

• Okokuqala, kwakungekho phantse mininzi imiba esemngciphekweni ngelo xesha eyayinokukhokelela ekuvelisweni kwesixa esingafunekiyo seeradicals zasimahla njengoko zikhoyo namhlanje (jonga ngezantsi izinto zomngcipheko),
• okwesibini, indlela yokuphila yayinempilo kakhulu (uxinzelelo oluncinci olusisigxina, ukuzivocavoca ngokulinganisela, ukukhanya kwelanga, njl.) kunye
• okwesithathu, ukutya kubonelele ngenani elikhulu kakhulu le-antioxidants, ukuze ukugqithisa okunokwenzeka kweeradicals zamahhala kujongwe ngokukhawuleza.

Iiradicals zasimahla kunye ne-antioxidants kumaxesha anamhlanje

Namhlanje imeko yahluke ngokupheleleyo. Abantu bayatshaya, basela utywala, batya ukutya okungenamsoco, bahlala kwiindawo ezidityanisiweyo ezinemithamo ephezulu yezithuthi kunye nokukhutshwa kombhobho omninzi ngokuhambelanayo, babonakala-basesichengeni sokunyibilika kweradioactive rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-25, kwaye bathathe amayeza okuchasana nokona kurhawuzelela kuncinci.

Ngokoqikelelo oluluqilima, nganye enye kwi-100 yeetriliyoni zeeseli zomzimba ngoku ihlaselwa ngamawaka aliqela eeradicals yonke imihla. Izixa ezikhulu ze-antioxidants ngoko ke ziyimfuneko ukubeka umkhosi "omkhulu" endaweni yawo.

Ngelishwa, namhlanje asivezwanga kuphela kwii-radicals zasimahla, kodwa kwangaxeshanye sizonwabisa ngokutya okuqulathe ama-antioxidants ambalwa nambalwa kwaye, ngenxa yobungozi bawo, sithwalisa umzimba ngezongezelelo zeradicals zasimahla.

Antioxidants ekutyeni

Nangona ukutya kwanamhlanje okusekelwe kwiinkozo, ubisi kunye nenyama kunika izondlo, iiprotheni, i-carbohydrates, kunye namafutha amaninzi, i-antioxidants imbalwa kwaye iphakathi. Ke abantu baya baba buxomer kunye ne-buxomer, kodwa kwangaxeshanye baya begula ngakumbi. Sele kubonisiwe apha ukuba ubisi luthintela umsebenzi we-antioxidant weziqhamo.

Into elahlekileyo kukukhetha okucebileyo kwemifuno emininzi kunye nezithole, iziqhamo kunye nezityalo zasendle, i-oyile yendalo kunye namafutha kunye ne-oilseeds kunye namantongomane. Konke oku kutya kweyona mithombo ilungileyo kwaye ityebileyo yee-antioxidants ezibalulekileyo. Ukutya okusekelwe kukutya okuphilayo, ngoko ke, kukhusela ukugula kunye nokuguga kwangaphambili.

Iiradicals zasimahla nazo zinokuba luncedo

Nangona kunjalo, iiradicals zasimahla azisoloko zimbi. Njengoko kudla ngokuba njalo, ubungakanani benza umahluko phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi.

Yile ndlela umzimba wethu uvelisa ngayo iiradicals zasimahla ngokwazo ngexesha lemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla:

Iiradicals zasimahla ekuphefumleni kwamaselula

Iiseli zethu zihlala zifuna ioksijini ukuze zivelise amandla. I-radicals yamahhala nayo yenziwe njengemveliso ephumayo - ngakumbi, iphezulu imveliso yamandla emzimbeni.

Imveliso yamandla itshintsha ngokwemfuno. Ngokomzekelo, iyanda kwiimeko ezixinzelelekileyo, ngexesha lezemidlalo, okanye xa ugula. Ngenxa yoko, ezi zinto zintathu zonyusa inani leeradicals zasimahla ngokwendalo.

I-radicals yamahhala inokutshabalalisa ibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane

Ngapha koko, iiradicals zasimahla azidalwanga nje njengemveliso yeminye imisebenzi yomzimba. Ziveliswa ngumzimba wethu - ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi ngamajoni ethu omzimba - ngeenjongo ezikhethekileyo.

I-radicals yasimahla ayinakuhlasela kuphela izakhiwo zomzimba ezisempilweni kodwa iyakwazi ukutshabalalisa ngokuthe ngqo iintsholongwane ezinje ngeebhaktheriya ezinobundlongondlongo okanye iintsholongwane okanye zithintele iinkqubo zokuvuvukala. Ke kulapho iiradicals zasimahla zinqweneleka kwaye zinenzuzo.

Ziziphi ii-antioxidants ezikhoyo?

Yeyiphi into yokuqala ethi qatha engqondweni yakho xa usiva igama elithi “antioxidants”? Ivithamin C? I-Vitamin C yi-antioxidant. Yinyani leyo. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zayo zokulwa ne-antioxidant aziphantse zibe nzima njengoko igama layo linokukhokelela ekubeni ukholelwe.

Ngokomzekelo, iapile liqulethe i-10 milligrams yevithamin C, kodwa umphumo walo wokulwa ne-antioxidant uphindwe kaninzi. Inkulu kangangokuba ukuba i-antioxidant effect ivela kwi-vitamin C yodwa, kuya kufuneka iqulethe i-2,250 milligrams ye-vitamin C, akunjalo.

Kuyabonakala ukuba, ii-apile nazo ziqulethe inani lezinye izinto ezinempembelelo enamandla kakhulu ye-antioxidant kune-vitamin C. Eli qela lisebenza kakhulu libandakanya, umzekelo, ii-enzymes kunye ne-polyphenols eziye zezityalo zesibini (umzekelo, i-flavonoids, i-anthocyanins, i-isoflavones, njl.

Amaqela amahlanu amakhulu elona antioxidants lisebenzayo

• iivithamini
• izimbiwa
• Landa izinto
• enzymes
• I-Phytochemicals (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-bioactive plant compounds okanye i-phytochemicals) yaveliswa kuqala sisityalo okanye isiqhamo ukukhusela eso sityalo okanye isiqhamo ekuhlaselweni kwefungal, izinambuzane, okanye i-UV radiation. Ezinye ii-phytochemicals ezine-antioxidant effect ziyi-pigments kwisityalo, enemibala yeentyatyambo, amaqabunga, okanye iziqhamo. Kumzimba womntu, ezi zityalo ze-antioxidants zinokunceda ukuhlala usempilweni kwaye uphaphile.