Emma Miller
Umthi we-apula, njengazo zonke ezinye izityalo kwintsimi, uhlaselwa zizinambuzane okanye izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Izizathu zingahluka-i-thermal, mechanical, okanye nayiphi na enye, kodwa kufuneka zipheliswe ngokukhawuleza.
Yintoni yokunyanga imithi yama-apile ngokuchasene nokhwekhwe ehlotyeni
Isifo sokuqala esithetha ngaso lukhwekhwe. Ichaphazela ii-apula kunye namagqabi, okubangela ukuba zigqunywe ngamabala aluhlaza-mdaka. Amagqabi achatshazelwe lukhoko abune kwaye awe kuqala, kwaye isiqhamo sishiyeka sineempawu zeflephu.
Ukulahla ngokukhawuleza ama-scabs, phatha imithi ye-apula kathathu nge-Bordeaux liquid okanye i-chloride yobhedu - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngexesha leentyantyambo, kunye neeveki ezi-2-3 emva kokuqhakaza.
Yintoni yokunyanga imithi yama-apile ngokuchasene ne-powdery mildew
Esinye sezifo eziqhelekileyo zemithi ye-apula, echaphazela amaqabunga, iziqhamo, amaqabunga, kwaye ngokubanzi zonke iindawo zomthi, ngaphandle kwe-trunk. Uphawu lweempawu luphawu olumhlophe, oluthi emva kwexesha lube namafu kwaye lugutyungelwe ngamachaphaza amnyama.
Abalimi abanamava bathi amahlumela achaphazelekayo kufuneka asuswe kwaye atshiswe, kwaye isityalo esigulayo siyamkeleka ukunyanga ngesulfure ye-colloidal (80 g sulfure ngeelitha ezili-10 zamanzi). Xa umthi uqhakaza, uphathwa ngokulungiswa kwe-chloride yobhedu. Kwaye emva kokuvuna, umthi kufuneka uphinde uphathwe nge-copper sulfate okanye isisombululo sesepha yamanzi.
Uyiphatha njani imithi yama-apile ngokuchasene ne-moniliasis
Isifo sesithathu esinokuchaphazela imithi ye-apile yi-moniliasis. Ukuba kunjalo, uya kubona amabala amdaka kwisiqhamo, esiya kwanda ngobungakanani ngokuhamba kwexesha. Emva kwexesha, isangqa esimhlophe esine-spores yefungal ephumayo iya kuvela. I-apula enjalo iya kuwa okanye ihlale ijinga emthini kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe iguquke ibe ngumama.
Ukuthintela ukubonakala kwe-moniliosis, fafaza imithi ye-apula ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kunye namalungiselelo aqukethe ubhedu, ngexesha leentyantyambo - kunye ne-Bordeaux liquid, kunye nenyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna - kunye nesisombululo se-iodine (amaconsi ayi-10 ngeelitha ezili-10).
Ngendlela, ukuba unomdla kumbuzo wendlela yokuphatha imithi ye-apula kwi-rust, ungasebenzisa iingcebiso ezifanayo kwi-powdery mildew.
Yintoni yokunyanga imithi yama-apile ngokuchasene nomhlaza
Isifo esingathandekiyo esichaphazela ngokupheleleyo zonke iindawo zomthi we-apula - isiqu, amaqabunga, iziqhamo kunye namagxolo. Ii-apula, kule meko, zigutyungelwe ngokupheleleyo ngamabala, kwaye igxolo lomthi ngokuthe ngcembe lifa kwaye liwa, endaweni yalo kwilonda le-trunk.
Indlela yodwa yokulwa ne-black canker kukunqumla iindawo ezonakalisiweyo ze-bark, zihlambulule ukuya kwinqanaba eliphilileyo, ukukhupha iintsholongwane nge-5% yesisombululo se-iron sulfate, uze ugcobe nge-varnish yegadi. Ukuthintela, kufuneka utshize umthi nge-Bordeaux liquid ngexesha leentyantyambo kunye nenyanga emva kwayo.
Indlela yokuphatha ixolo kumthi we-apula ukusuka kwi-neosporosis
Isifo sefungal esichaphazela ixolo lemithi ye-apula, ngenxa yokuba libuna kwaye liqala ukuwa. Ngaphezu koko, unokubona izilonda kwezinye iindawo zama-apile. Ngelishwa, ubudala be-fungus ayisithintelo - ixhoba layo linokuba ngumthi omncinci kunye nomdala.
Isisombululo esisebenzayo sokulwa ne-neosporosis sithathwa njengesisombululo se-copper sulfate ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ngoko-ngoko nangoko emva kwayo. Njengomlinganiselo wokuthintela, ekupheleni kwehlobo, unokondla umthi nge-potassium kunye ne-phosphorus - oku kuya kwandisa ukuchasana kwamagxolo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle.
