I-Botulism: Iimpawu kunye noNyango

[lwptoc]

IBotulism: Ezi mpawu zibonisa ukuba kukho ityhefu ekutyeni

IBotulism ibangelwa yintsholongwane. Iimpawu zokuqala zivela phakathi kwe-12 kunye ne-36 iiyure emva kokusela ityhefu.

• Ibhaktiriya iClostridium botulinum ijongene ne-botulism. Nangona kunjalo, asiyontsholongwane ngokwayo ebangela ukugula, kodwa i-metabolite yebhaktiriya, i-toxin ye-botulinum enetyhefu kakhulu. Ngoko i-botulism ayilosulelo, kodwa ityhefu.
• Ezi ntsholongwane ziphindaphindeka xa kungekho moya kwaye ziyathanda ukukhula ekutyeni okuneprotheyini eninzi okufana nenyama kunye neesoseji. Ngokuzenzekelayo, kulapho igama letyhefu yokutya livela khona: igama lesiLatini elithi "sausage" lithi "botulus".
• Ityhefu ye-botulinum yi-neurotoxin enamandla kakhulu. Ngendlela, mhlawumbi uyazi ngelinye igama kwishishini lobuhle: I-Botox ayikho into engaphezu kwe-toxin ye-botulinum.
• Ityhefu ye-botulinum ibonakala ngeempawu ezicacileyo. Ekuqaleni, i-nausea kunye nokuhlanza kwenzeka, ngokuqhelekileyo kuhamba kunye nesisu esibuhlungu kunye nohudo. Urhudo lulandelwa kamva kukuqhinwa okunenkani ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwamathumbu.
• Ekubeni i-botulinum i-toxin yi-neurotoxin evimbela ukuhanjiswa kwesignali phakathi kwemithambo-luvo kunye nezihlunu, iimpawu zokukhubazeka zilandela ngokuthe ngcembe kuwo wonke umzimba.
• Oku kukhubazeka ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala kwimisipha entloko nasentanyeni kwaye kubonakale ekuginyeni nasekuphazamiseni ukuthetha. Iinkophe nazo ziyachaphazeleka. Ngokuqhelekileyo iinkophe ziwela kwicala elinye okanye omabini.
• Emva koko, ukukhubazeka kwasasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba. Zombini iingalo kunye nemilenze inokuchaphazeleka, kodwa kunye nezihlunu zendlela yokuphefumula.
• Umbono ophindwe kabini kunye nabafundi abahlanjululweyo nabo babonakalisa i-botulism, kunye ne-pupillary reflex mhlawumbi iyancipha okanye ingekho. Kukwakho nomlomo owomileyo.
• Ngokuqinisekileyo, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala abavumelekanga ukuba batye ubusi ngenxa yokuba ngokwenene iqulethe ibhaktheriya yeClostridium botulinum. Oku kunokukhokelela kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi-infant botulism kubantwana abancinci.
• Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba ubusi bunempilo kwelinye inqaku.

Ukuba kukrokrelwa i-botulism, kufuneka inyangwe kwigumbi labagula kakhulu

I-Botulism yityhefu yokutya ebeka ubomi esichengeni. Ixesha elifutshane phakathi kokungeniswa kwetyhefu kunye nokubonakala kweempawu zokuqala, liphezulu izinga lokufa. Ukurhanelwa nje kokutyhefwa kokutya, ke ngoko, kwenza ukuba unyango olukhawulezileyo kwiyunithi yokhathalelo olukhulu lube yimfuneko ngokupheleleyo.

• Unyango lubandakanya ngokuyintloko ukulawulwa kweyeza lokuthomalalisa. Le antiserum ye-botulism inokunciphisa i-toxin ekhoyo ngokukhululekileyo egazini. Nangona kunjalo, ayisebenzi ngokuchasene netyhefu ye-botulinum esele ibotshelelwe kwizakhiwo zemithambo-luvo.
• Ekubeni uninzi lwetyhefu lubotshelelwe kwiiyure ezingama-24, kubalulekile ukulawula i-antidote kwangoko kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ekubeni i-antidote inokuba yingozi kwaye, kwimeko embi kakhulu, ibangele ukusabela okunamandla, kufuneka kuqala ivavanyelwe ukuhambelana nedosi encinci esikhumbeni.
• Ukongezelela, kwenziwa iinzame zokususa nayiphi na i-toxin ye-botulinum enokuthi isekho kwi-digestive tract esuka emzimbeni ngoncedo lwe-gastric lavage kunye ne-enemas.
• Ukuba izihlunu zokuphefumla zikhubazekile, umntu ochaphazelekayo kufuneka afakwe umoya. Ngendlela, sikwachaza ukuba yintoni iyunithi yokhathalelo olubanzi lwezifundo ezahlukeneyo.