Mia Lane
Iikhukhamba zinokulungiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo - ingaba kwisaladi, njengesobho, okanye zidibaniswe ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Apha unokufumanisa ukuba yintoni omele uyiqwalasele xa uthenga ukhukhamba, ungakhula njani ukhukhamba ngokwakho, kunye nayo yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga nokulungiselela imifuno yeziqhamo eziqabulayo.
Ikhukhamba lithanga
Ikhukhamba ayibonakali ifana kakhulu nethanga kunye ne-melon; nangona kunjalo, zonke zingamalungu osapho lwamathanga kwaye ke ngoko zizalana ngokusondeleyo. I-cucumber genus iquka iindidi ezingama-52 ezizalelwa kwiindawo ezipholileyo kunye neendawo ezitshisayo.
Enye yazo yicucumber (Cucumis sativus) eyaziwa kuthi - ikwabizwa ngokuba yiKukumer kwezinye iingingqi zaseJamani, kunye neGugommer eSwitzerland. Yenye yeyona mifuno ibalulekileyo ehlabathini.
Ekubeni isiqhamo sesityalo se-cucumber sidliwa, i-cucumber ibala njenge-eg B. kunye ne-tomato, i-pepper, kunye ne-aubergine kwimifuno yeziqhamo. Sisityalo sonyaka.
Ayizizo zonke iikomkomere eziluhlaza
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeekhukhamba, ezinokuhluka kakhulu ngokobukhulu, imilo kunye nombala. Akukho luhlaza kuphela kodwa kukho noorenji, tyheli, nomhlophe kunye nemizekelo emide kakhulu okanye ejijekileyo enokufikelela kubude obuyi-1 m. Ngokungafaniyo umz. B. eIndiya, nangona kunjalo, ziintlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ezithengiswayo kwimimandla yethu.
Ezi ntlobo zamakhukhamba zikhona
Ngokuphathelele ukupheka kunye nokusetyenziswa ekhitshini, ulwahlulo lwenziwa phakathi kweentlobo ezimbalwa zamakhukhamba:
Iikomkomere okanye iikomkomere zine-cylindrical, imilo egobile kancinane, ulusu olugudileyo, azinameva, kwaye zinobunzima obungama-400 g. Ikhukhamba encinci, enesiqingatha kuphela sobunzima, yinto encinci kwaye imnandi kakhulu. Iikhukhamba zityalwa ngokuyinhloko kwiindawo zokugcina izityalo kwaye ke zikwabizwa ngokuba yikhukhamba eluhlaza.
Ilizwe okanye ukhukhamba lwentsimi: Ngokuchasene namakhukhamba, ilizwe okanye ukhukhamba lwentsimi lukhuliswe ngaphandle. Zincinci kwaye zineqokobhe elingqindilili kwaye zihlala zihlaba.
Ikhukhamba yeNostrano: Ummeli onomdla ovela kwiqela lamakhukhamba e-prickly yikhukhamba yaseNostrano, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hedgehog phakathi kwamakhukhamba. Iluhlaza bumnyama ngombala kwaye malunga ne-20 cm ubude, nto leyo eyenza ibe yeyona cucumber efanelekileyo kumakhaya amancinci. Ikhukhamba yeNostrano nayo ibonakaliswe ngencasa yayo enevumba elimnandi, elibukhali. "Ikhukhamba ye-hedgehog" inikezelwa ngokukodwa kwiimarike zemifuno, izitolo zokutya zempilo, kunye neevenkile zezinto eziphilayo.
I-Stewed cucumbers zincinci kwaye zijiyile kune cucumber, zinombala oluhlaza ukuya kumthubi, kwaye zinencasa eyomeleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zivela ekulinyweni kwangaphandle kwaye azilungile kangako kwiisaladi. Iqokobhe labo liqinile kwaye alityeki kwaye kufuneka lisuswe kunye nembewu. I-Braised okanye i-steamed, ziyinto emnandi ngokwenene.
I-Gherkins okanye i-gherkins ikhuliswa phantse ngaphandle ngaphandle. Xa kuthelekiswa nokhukhamba, zincinci kakhulu kwaye, njengazo zonke iikomkomere, zivunwa zingekafiki. Emva koko zihlelwa kwaye zifakwe ngokobukhulu. Ngelixa iintlobo ezincinci zigcinwe kwiingqayi njenge-gherkins kunye ne-gherkins, iintlobo eziphakathi zithengiswa kwiitoti ezinkulu okanye njengeembiza zegherkin. Amabakala amakhulu acutshungulwa kwiikhukhamba zolwimi. Iikhukhamba zibonakaliswa ngumbindi wazo omncinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo zinqunyulwa zibe yi-cubes, zixutywe, kwaye zithengiswe njenge-mustard pickles. Unokwenza ngokulula i-gherkins ekhethiweyo ngokwakho.
Iindlela zokupheka ngamakhukhamba
Njengoko igama layo libonisa, ikhukhamba isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela iisaladi, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo isithukuthezi asiveli. Ngenxa yokuba akukho mida xa kuziwa ekunxibeni. Nokuba ngeoli yomnquma kunye neviniga ebomvu yewayini okanye ngeoli ye-hemp kunye nejusi yelamuni: imifuno ende yeziqhamo eziluhlaza ngokwenene ligcisa elitshintsha ngokukhawuleza.
Iikomkomere zikhuliswa apha
Malunga ne-80 yezigidi zeetoni zamakhukhamba zivunwa kwihlabathi jikelele minyaka le. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umvelisi omkhulu we cucumber yi China, apho malunga ne 62 yezigidi zeetoni ziveliswayo. Abavelisi abaphambili baseYurophu yiSpain kunye nePoland.
Iikhukhamba zifumaneka unyaka wonke kwaye zivela ngokuyinhloko kwiinkcubeko ze-greenhouse. Kumazwe athetha isiJamani, ungasebenzisa imifuno yasekuhlaleni ukusuka ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli ukuya ekupheleni kukaNovemba. Ngexesha elifanayo, iikomkom zaseSpain zithengiswa. Ukuba imfuno iphezulu, iikhukhamba zangaphandle ezivela kwamanye amazwe e-EU nazo zinikezelwa ehlotyeni.
Indlela yokukhulisa ukhukhamba ngokwakho
Ukuba unomyezo okanye i-greenhouse, unokukhula lula ukhukhamba ngokwakho. Indawo efudumeleyo, efumileyo, ekhuselwe ngumoya elangeni elipheleleyo kunye ne-humus-rich, umhlaba okhululekileyo ubalulekile.
Xa ukhetha ukunyanzeliswa, qwa lasela ukuba ngaba kufanelekile ukulima ngaphandle okanye kwi-greenhouse. Kwakhona, qwalasela ukuba ungathanda ukuhlwayela / ukutyala uhlobo oludala okanye olwanamhlanje.
Iikomkomere zineentyatyambo zenkunzi nemazi, zineentyatyambo ezizimazi kuphela ezivelisa iziqhamo. Noko ke, okwangoku kukho iindidi zale mihla ezivelisa iintyatyambo ezizimazi okanye iintyatyambo ezizimazi kuphela. Ezi ntlobo zizisa izivuno eziphezulu kuba isiqhamo sikhula kwihlumelo ngalinye.
Ekubeni i-cucumbers i-feeders enzima, kufuneka ifakwe rhoqo, ngokufanelekileyo kusetyenziswa izichumisi eziphilayo ezifana nomgquba, umgquba wehashe ovuthiweyo, okanye umgquba we-nettle. Ukongeza, imifuno ifuna amanzi amaninzi kwaye kufuneka inkcenkceshelwe yonke imihla, ngakumbi ngexesha lokukhula kweziqhamo kunye namaxesha omileyo.
Ukuba ulandela la macebiso, awuyi kuvuna kuphela iikomkom ezininzi kangangokuba awuyi kukwazi ukuqhubeka nazo, kodwa uya kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wezinto ezikrakra ezenza iikomkomere. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zombini iikomkomere ezikrakra kunye nezingenabukrakra zinokukhula kwisityalo. Ngoko ngcamla iipikili zakho ngaphambi kokuba uzilungiselele!
Kwimozulu eyomileyo yasehlotyeni, izityalo zichaphazeleka kwi-powdery mildew, isifo sokungunda apho amagqabi agqunywe nge-mealy-white coating kwaye ngokukhawuleza afa. Ukutshiza nokunkcenkceshela ngomgquba olwelo lwenettle kuthintela oku.
Ungatyala iikomkomere kwi-emele
Nangona kunjalo, iikomkomere nazo zifanelekile ukuba zilinywe njengezityalo ezifakwe kwi-balcony okanye i-terrace - indawo eqaqambileyo, umz. Kwaye kwi-emele ekufuneka igcine iilitha ezili-15 ubuncinane zomhlaba (umz. umhlaba wetumata), ngokucacileyo baziva bekhululekile.
Emva kweengcwele zeqhwa ukusuka phakathi koMeyi, izityalo ezincinci zinokuphuma ngaphandle. Lindela ukunkcenkceshela izityalo kabini ngemini ngeentsuku ezishushu. Umaleko we-mulch uyacetyiswa ukunciphisa umzamo wokunkcenkceshela. Iikomkomere zokuqala zidla ngokuvunwa kwiiveki ezine emva kokutyala.
Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba uxhasa izityalo kunye noncedo lokunyuka. Isityalo esinye okanye ezimbini zamakhukhamba zanele ukondla indlu yabantu ababini. Amakhukhamba angama-50 kwisityalo ngasinye kunye nexesha aliqhelekanga!
Yintoni omele uyijonge xa uthenga ukhukhamba
Xa uthenga, qiniseka ukuba iikomkomkom zibukhali kwaye iziphelo ziqinile. Ukuba imifuno inokugoba, akufanele iphinde iphele kwibhasikithi yokuthenga. Ulusu kufuneka lungonakali, lube lukhuni, lutyebe ngombala oluhlaza.
Ngaphandle kwamakhukhamba e-stewed, umbala ophuzi ubonisa ukuba imifuno ayisekho okanye ivunwe emva kwexesha. Amabala anodaka abonisa umonakalo kwingqele kwaye ngenxa yoko ngenxa yokugcinwa okungafanelekanga.
Iikhukhamba kwi-plastic wrap
Iikhukhamba zihlala zitsha ixesha elide ngenxa yeplastiki. Ukongeza, kwiivenkile ezinkulu, apho abantu abaninzi bachukumisa imifuno kwaye benze uvavanyo loxinzelelo, ukupakishwa kweplastiki kuqinisekisa ukucoceka ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, sicebisa ukuba uthenge iikomkomere ezingapakishwanga kwiivenkile ezithengisa izinto eziphilayo, kwiimarike zamafama, okanye ngokuthe ngqo kumlimi okwivenkile yasefama, apho zidla ngokunikwa ukuvunwa ngokutsha.
Le yindlela efanelekileyo yokugcina ukhukhamba
Iikhukhamba zinqula ilanga kwaye zithandwa kakhulu kumonakalo obandayo. Iimpawu ziquka amanzi, amabala atyumkileyo lula esikhumbeni, ukuhambelana kweglasi, kunye nokulahlekelwa okubonakalayo kwencasa.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, akufanele ugcine iikomkomere zakho kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-7 degrees Celsius kwaye ngoko ke ungabikho kwindawo yemifuno yefriji, apho inokumelana neentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 kuphela.
Ubushushu obufanelekileyo bokugcina buphakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-12 ngokukaCelsius kwaye ivumela ixesha lokugcina malunga neentsuku ezili-14. Kwiqondo lokushisa kwegumbi, iikomkomkomere ngokukhawuleza zibuna kwaye zithambile. Ngoko ke, iindawo zokugcina ezisemgangathweni ziphantsi okanye i-pantry epholileyo.
Kwakhona ufanele ukuphephe ukugcina iicucumber ecaleni kweziqhamo nemifuno enjengama-apile, iitumato, okanye ivatala. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezi zikhupha igesi ye-ethylene ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvuthwa emva kokuvuthwa, oku kuthetha ukuba iikomkomere zikhawuleza zivuthwe kwaye zingenakudliwa.
Umkhenkce wamakhukhamba
Amakhukhamba atyebileyo ngamanzi awafanelekanga kwaphela ukukhenkceza, njengoko amanzi kwiiseli aphinde aqhwale, akhulise, kwaye ngenxa yoko atshabalalise iindonga zeseli. Ukuba imifuno iyancibilika, ayisekho i-crunchy, kodwa i-mushy kwaye ayibukeki kwaye incasa ehlekisayo.
Ukuba ufuna ukugcina iikomkomkom zakho ixesha elide, unokuzikhetha okanye uzenze. Emva koko zinokugcinwa iinyanga ezininzi.
Pickle iikomkomere kwiviniga
Akukho umlingo ekukhetheni amakhukhamba kumhluzi weviniga. Oku kuneasidi ngokwaneleyo ukugcina iipikili. Akuyimfuneko ukutshisa amakhukhamba ngokwawo, kwanele ukuthulula umhluzi obilisayo phezu kwabo.
AmaPickles amnandi ngokudityaniswa neziqholo ezifana nemostade kunye nepepile, amaqunube ejunipha, itswele, ikonofile, ipepile, kunye nemifuno enjengedill, ezinye zazo eziqinisekisa ubomi obude beshelufu. Xa kuthelekiswa namakhukhamba asemathinini, iikomkom ezikhethiweyo zinika inzuzo yokuba zizityebi kwizinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, xa uzigcina ixesha elide, izinto ezininzi zikhutshelwa kwi-vinegar brew.
Yile ndlela ukhukhamba ococekileyo owenziwe ngayo
Kukwakho nenketho yokuvumela amakhukhamba avubele (i-lactic acid fermentation). Ukwenza oku, zifakwe kwisisombululo se-saline. Imifuno evundiswe nge-lactic acid isempilweni ngakumbi, njengoko kungekho lahleko yezondlo ngexesha lokuvutshelwa - ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela zokulondoloza. Iikhukhamba ezivundiweyo zisebenza njengeprobiotic yendalo ngenxa yebhaktiriya ye-lactic acid.
Ukubonelela ebusika, iikomkom (i-pickling cucumber) zivunwa ekwindla kwaye zifakwe kwi-5 yepesenti ye-brine (i-50 g yetyuwa yamandulo engahlanjululwanga kwi-1 litre yamanzi). Iikomkomere zivubela malunga neeveki ezi-6.
Kwakhona unokubilisa iikomkomere ezivunwe ehlotyeni iveki nje enye okanye ezi-1 kwisi-2 ekhulwini setyuwa (4 g yetyuwa yakudala engacocwanga kwilitha enye yamanzi). Ezi azikho ukhukhamba omuncu, kodwa omuncu.
Iikhukhamba ekhitshini
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba iikomkomere zivela ekulinyweni kwezinto eziphilayo okanye eziqhelekileyo: Ngaphambi kokucubungula, kufuneka uhlale uhlamba ngokucokisekileyo phantsi kwamanzi abandayo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-recipe, unako ukugawula imifuno ngokucokisekileyo okanye ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uyinqumle ibe ngamacube okanye iziqwenga.
Ukufaka ityuwa kwikhukhamba lisiko elidala eliphelelwe lixesha. Oku kwakusenziwa xa imifuno isangcamla ikrakra ukukhupha ubukrakra. Ekubeni amanzi ekhukhamba axabisekileyo aphunyuka, kufuneka ugweme ukwenza oku. Kuhle kakhulu ukulungisa iikomkomere ngaphambi kokuba uzitye.
Nokuba uyacoca iikomkomere kwaye ususe undoqo kuya kuwe, kodwa ngokwenza njalo unciphisa umxholo wezinto eziphilayo kunye nencasa.
Iikomkomere kwiisaladi, isuphu, kunye nemifuno
Ngenxa yevumba layo elipholileyo, unokudibanisa ikhukhamba ngokumangalisayo kunye neminye imifuno efana ne-lettuce, iitumato, okanye iitapile. Iziqhamo ezinje ngeepapaya, ii-apile, okanye i-kiwis kunye namandongomane nazo zihambelana kakuhle ne cucumber. Zama isaladi yethu yesipinatshi yekhukhamba kunye ne-mango dill yokunxiba kunye ne-vegan salmon.
Ikhukhamba inqumla umzobo omhle kuzo zombini iimvakalelo zegama kwiisuphu zazo zonke iintlobo. I-Gazpacho, umzekelo, iyathandwa, indalo yasezantsi yeSpanishi kunye nesiPutukezi edityaniswe kwimifuno engaphekwanga kwaye ngoko ihanjiswa kubanda. Iresiphi yesitya sethu sekhukhamba esibandayo kunye neyogathi yesoya kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo uninzi lweedill ezintsha ziyafana kakhulu.
E-Indiya, iikomkomere zisoloko zisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-curries kunye ne-chutneys. Ngokungafaniyo nalapha, apho imifuno ihlala isulungekiswa kuphela ngedill, iziqholo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemifuno enjenge-turmeric, i-coriander, kunye netshili ziyadlala apha, ezibonelela ngochuku olungaqhelekanga.
Yile ndlela i-pickle ilungiswa ngayo
Iikomkomere ezityiweyo zihlala zihlutshiwe kwaye zifakwe ngenxa yesikhumba esinzima. Unokuzisika zibe ngamaqhekeza amakhulu okanye kwii-2 zesiqingatha kunye nomzekelo B. ugcwalise imifuno okanye amakhowa. Ziyagqunywa ngobushushu obuphakathi malunga nemizuzu engama-25 ngesiciko.
Abantwana bayayithanda ikhukhamba nabo
Abantwana abasoloko bethanda imifuno. Ngokutsho kohlolisiso olwenziwa kubantwana besikolo abangama-255 abaphakathi kweminyaka esi-8 neli-13 ubudala, ukuba iikomkomere zinqunyulwa kaninzi, abantwana batya ama-54 ekhulwini eekomkomere ngaphezulu kunaxa bekunikelwa amaqhekeza amancinane kodwa amaqatha.
