Tracy Norris
Imbewu kajongilanga inika iprotein eninzi, ifayibha, iivithamini B, ivithamin E, kunye neeminerali-ibenza ishwamshwam elisempilweni kakhulu. Ukuba imbewu emnandi iphelela kwisitya rhoqo, inokunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo zentliziyo kunye nesifo sikashukela.
Imbewu kajongilanga - ithandwa kwihlabathi jikelele
Ingaba kwisonka, kwi-muesli, kwi-patty, okanye kwisaladi - imbewu ye-sunflower inika izitya ezininzi i-nutty kunye ne-pithy bite. Kwamanye amazwe kunye nemimandla yehlabathi, njengeRashiya, iTurkey, kunye noMbindi Mpuma, imbewu kajongilanga enetyuwa okanye egcadiweyo ithandwa kakhulu njenge-snack: imbewu idla ngokuthengiswa apho kunye neqokobhe, ethi ke ipakishwe ngamazinyo. yavuleka. Kwelinye icala, kuMbindi Yurophu, kuxhaphake kakhulu ukuthenga iinkozo esele zixotyiwe.
Ukunqulwa ngamaInca: ujongilanga
Imbewu kajongilanga sisiqhamo sikajongilanga ( Helianthus annuus ). AmaInca ayenqula ujongilanga kuba wayegqalwa njengomfanekiso wothixo wawo welanga “uInti”. Isityalo ekuqaleni sivela eMelika, apho abanqobi baseSpain bayizisa eYurophu ngenkulungwane ye-16.
Namhlanje, i-sunflowers ikhuliswa kuwo wonke umhlaba-ingakumbi ukuveliswa kweoli ye-sunflower, ecinezelwe kwi-kernels. Abona bavelisi abakhulu beoli kajongilanga baquka iUkraine, iRashiya, amazwe e-European Union, kunye neArgentina.
Imbewu kajongilanga kwi-low-carb kunye ne-vegan cuisine
Umgubo wembewu kajongilanga unokuveliswa kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-press cake, okt iinkozo ezithanjiswe ioli ezishiyekileyo emva kokuba i-oyile ivelisiwe. Oku kusetyenziswa kwisonka, imiqulu, kunye nee-crackers, ngakumbi kwiiresiphi ze-carb ephantsi, njengoko inesiqingatha kuphela somxholo we-carbohydrate yomgubo wesiqhelo (i-35 ekhulwini iphikisana ne-60-70 ekhulwini).
Usasazo olwenziwe ngembewu kajongilanga ecocekileyo ekhumbuza itshizi yekhrimu kudala ithengiswa, umz. B. ukusuka kwidlelo elincinane (iPrank) okanye elungileyo ebomini (Ibi). Iresiphi esisiseko inokudityaniswa nezinye izithako, ezinje ngepaprika, itswele, itshive, ikonofile yasendle, itshili, ikheri, ibhesil, njl.njl. ukuze kubekho iintlobo ezininzi ezimnandi kakhulu ezahlukeneyo ezisasazwa kuyo yonke incasa. Ewe kunjalo, ungalungiselela ezi zisasazo kwaye uzidiphu ngokwakho.
Amaxabiso esondlo sembewu kajongilanga
Imbewu kajongilanga isempilweni kakhulu kuba inezithako ezininzi ezixabisekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ziyimithombo emihle yeprotheni kunye nefiber.
Imbewu yejongilanga kunye neoli yelanga: Omega 6 okanye Omega 3?
Imbewu yejongilanga inika i-polyunsaturated fatty acids eninzi, ngakumbi i-linoleic acid - enye yezona ziyaziwa kakhulu i-omega-6 fatty acids (17,000 mg nge-100 g). Umxholo we-omega-3 fatty acids (i-alpha-linolenic acid), ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphantsi (26 mg nge-100 g). Umxholo we-monounsaturated fatty acids malunga ne-6,500 mg. Oku ubukhulu becala yi-oleic acid, equlethwe kwizixa ezikhulu kakhulu kwioli yomnquma okanye yealmond.
Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni ioli yokupheka efanelekileyo, ioli yelanga yelanga ayisoloko ikhuthazwa. I-omega-6-omega-3 ratio imbi kakhulu (kuba iqulethe i-linoleic acid / i-omega 6 eninzi kakhulu), yingakho ioli inokuba nefuthe le-pro-inflammatory. Umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-omega-6 ukuya kwi-omega-3 ngokuqhelekileyo uchazwa ngokuba yi-4:1 (i-4 ngokuphindwe kane kwe-omega 6 kune-omega 3). Kwioli ye-sunflower, nangona kunjalo, umlinganiselo we-120 ukuya ku-270: 1. Ngoko ukuba uhlala kwaye usebenzisa ioli ye-sunflower kuphela, unokukhuthaza izifo ezivuthayo.
Nangona kunjalo, i-linoleic acid (efana ne-alpha-linolenic acid) yi-asidi enamafutha efunekayo ekufuneka ifunyenwe ekutyeni. Ngoko akukho nto imbi ngokwemvelo. Ingxaki kuphela kukugqithiswa okukhulu kwe-linoleic acid - kwaye kungekhona rhoqo. Ihlala ixhomekeke kwiphakheji epheleleyo yokutya. Ngokomzekelo, umntu unokunikela ingqalelo ngakumbi ekutyeni ukutya okuninzi okutyebileyo kwe-omega-3.
Imbewu yejongilanga inefuthe elichasayo
Ngoko nangona ioli ye-sunflower ingenakulungeleka kwimpilo (ukuba isetyenziswe ngobuninzi kakhulu), ukusetyenziswa kwembewu ye-sunflower kunempilo kuyo nayiphi na imeko kwaye inokuba nefuthe elichasayo. Oku kuboniswe kuphononongo lokuqwalasela lwabantu abangama-6000 olupapashwe kwi-American Journal of Epidemiology:
Abantu abadla inxalenye yembewu yejongilanga (30 g) kahlanu ngeveki babenamazinga aphantsi okuvuvukala egazini labo kunabantu abadla imbewu kaninzi okanye abazange. Oku kukwasetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iinkozo kunye namantongomane, njengamantongomane epine okanye i-walnuts. Kucingelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwembewu kunye namantongomane ngoko ke kuhambelana nomngcipheko omncinci wesifo senhliziyo kunye nesifo sikashukela.
IiCalories zembewu zikajongilanga
Nge-480 kcal nge-100 g, imbewu ye-sunflower ikwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo ngokweekhalori - ubuncinane xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimbewu kunye namantongomane. Ngokomzekelo, i-100 g ye-walnuts iqulethe i-650 kcal kunye nembewu yethanga iqulethe i-565 kcal. Oku kunokubonakala ngathi kuninzi, kodwa imbewu kunye namandongomane akufuneki ukuba zityiwe njengee-snacks ezongezelelweyo kodwa kufuneka zithathe indawo yesnacks ezingenampilo ezifana neetships kunye neelekese okanye-nangcono - zithathwe njengokutya okusisiseko. Ngoko zityiwa endaweni yesonka neeroli okanye endaweni yenyama, isoseji netshizi.
Yile ndlela imbewu ye-sunflower echaphazela ngayo impilo
Kumayeza esintu, imbewu kajongilanga isetyenziselwa izifo zentliziyo, izifo, ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Uphononongo luchonge le miphumo ilandelayo - imbewu kajongilanga iyasebenza:
- antioxidant
- antibacterial
- ezichasayo
- isifo seswekile
- xabiso
Ngezantsi sibonisa ukusetyenziswa okumbalwa kwembewu ye-sunflower njengonyango lwasekhaya kunye nezifundo ezimbalwa apho imiphumo yempilo yembewu yelanga ihlolwe.
Imbewu kajongilanga yesitshisa
Ukutya intwana yembewu kajongilanga ngenxa yesitshisa kunokunika isiqabu sexesha elifutshane. Ngenxa yokuba iinkozo kunye nezinye iimbewu kunye namantongomane kuthiwa zibophe i-asidi engaphezulu kwesisu xa ihlafunwa kakuhle kwaye ilala ngokukhusela kwi-mucosa yesisu.
Imbewu yejongilanga yokuqunjelwa
Ekubeni imbewu ye-sunflower iqulethe i-fiber eninzi, ingaba nefuthe elihle ekutyeni. Ukuba ulungele ukuqunjelwa, ungadla intwana encinci yembewu yejongilanga yonke imihla njengomlinganiselo wokuthintela. Ifayibha (kwaye ngenene nakuphi na ukutya) kufuneka ihlafuniwe kakuhle, njengoko inokubangela ukuqunjelwa kubantu ababuthathaka.
Imbewu yejongilanga inceda ukutyeba
Sele isaziwa ukuba i-chlorogenic acid equlethwe kwimbewu yejongilanga ivuselela i-fat metabolism kwaye iyancipha amanqanaba eswekile yegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol ye-LDL. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abaphandi baseFransi bavavanya indlela imbewu kajongilanga echaphazela ngayo ukutyeba.
I-totali yezifundo ze-50 ezigqithisiweyo ziqeshwe kwisifundo - izifundo ze-30 zafumana i-500 mg ye-sunflower seed extract imihla ngemihla kwiiveki ze-12, kwaye izifundo ezisele ze-20 zafumana indawo ye-placebo. Ukongeza, zonke izifundo ziyalelwe ukuba zidle i-500 kcal ngaphantsi ngosuku kunangaphambili.
Emva kweeveki ze-12, ubunzima, i-BMI, umjikelezo wesinqe, ipesenti yamafutha omzimba, i-glucose, kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol alinganiswa. Onke amaxabiso aye aphucuka kuwo omabini amaqela, kodwa impumelelo enkulu yalinganiswa kwiqela lembewu kajongilanga. Abasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30, ngakumbi, baphendule kwisicatshulwa sembewu kajongilanga: ngokwe-avareji, baphulukene nesingqi esiphindwe kathathu esinqeni kunabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-30 ubudala kwiqela le-placebo.
Ekubeni ukutyeba kuyingozi kwisifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo senhliziyo, isifo samathambo, kunye nezinye izifo ezininzi, abaphandi baphetha ngokuthi i-chlorogenic acid equlethwe kwimbewu yejongilanga inokunciphisa umngcipheko wezi zifo. Nangona kunjalo, esi siphumo akulindelekanga kuphela kwisicatshulwa esaziwa ngokuba siqulethe amanqanaba aqhelekileyo ezithako, kodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwembewu yelanga, njengoko uya kufunda kumhlathi olandelayo.
Imbewu kajongilanga yehlisa iswekile yegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol
Abaphandi baseNdiya baphanda impembelelo yokusetyenziswa kwembewu yelanga: Izifundo ze-60 ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 zafumana iingcebiso ezinomsoco, isiqingatha sazo sayalelwa ukuba sidle i-2 grams yembewu ye-sunflower imihla ngemihla kwiinyanga ze-6.
Emva kweenyanga ze-6, ishukela legazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol kwiqela lembewu yejongilanga laliphuculwe kakhulu xa lithelekiswa neqela lokulawula. Abaphandi baye bachaza esi siphumo kwi-chlorogenic acid, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Ngoko ke, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba imbewu yejongilanga iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokutya okunokulinganisela kwaye inokunciphisa umngcipheko weemeko ezikhankanyiweyo.
Ukuthenga imbewu yelanga - kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kule nto
Oojongilanga bakhuliswa kwihlabathi jikelele, kodwa isivuno eYurophu sincinci kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nemfuno. Ngoko ke, iinkozo ngamanye amaxesha zikwathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Xa uthenga, qiniseka ukuba iinkozo ziza ubuncinane ukusuka eYurophu ukuphepha iindlela zokuthutha ezinde.
Imbewu ye-sunflower ngamanye amaxesha inikwa ityuwa okanye i-seasoned ngenye indlela - nangona kunjalo, ukutya okusentshona ngokuqhelekileyo kuphezulu kakhulu kwityuwa, yingakho kungcono ukusebenzisa imbewu engaxutywanga. Ngeenkozo ezinongwe, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba aziqulathanga naziphi na izixhasi zencasa (ezaziwa ngamanani eedijithi ezintathu ze-E kwitheyibhile yeziqulatho ezino-6 ekuqaleni: E6xx).
I-pesticides kunye nokubumba kwimbewu yejongilanga?
Kwi-2015, i-Federal Office yoKhuseleko loMthengi kunye noKhuseleko lokutya luhlolisise ukutya okuhlukahlukeneyo kwee-resides ze-pesticide. Iisampulu zembewu kajongilanga ezili-170 eziye zahlolwa zazingenazo iintsalela zezibulali-zinambuzane. I-Ofisi ye-Federal iye yahlola i-oyile kajongilanga ye-toxins yokungunda i-aflatoxin kunye ne-ochratoxin A - kwaye ayizange ibonwe. Imbewu kajongilanga ayizange iphinde ivavanywe kwizifundo zamva nje.
Ngaba imbewu kajongilanga igcina icadmium?
Njengokunye ukutya okuninzi, imbewu kajongilanga ikhupha icadmium enentsimbi enzima emhlabeni ize iyigcine. I-Cadmium inxulunyaniswa nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwaye ikhutshwa kancinci kancinci. AmaJamani athatha malunga ne-1.5 µg yecadmium ngekhilogram yobunzima bomzimba ngokutya veki nganye kunye nabatya imifuno malunga ne-1.8 µg.
NgokweGunya loKhuseleko loKutya laseYurophu, elona nqanaba liphezulu elinyamezelekayo yi-2.5 µg ngekhilogram yobunzima bomzimba ngeveki. Ukutshaya, i-iron, kunye nokunqongophala kwe-calcium nako kubangela ukuba umzimba ufunxe ngakumbi i-cadmium.
I-Cadmium ifumaneka kwizilwanyana kunye nokutya okusekelwe kwizityalo kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kangangokuba ayinakuthintelwa ukuyithatha. Nangona kunjalo, ukutya kwezityalo kuqulethe izinto ezininzi zezityalo zesibini ezifaka isandla kwi-detoxification kunye nokukhusela ekuphuhliseni izifo. Ukutya okuhlukahlukeneyo okusekelwe kwizityalo kunye nokubonelela okulungileyo kwe-iron kunye ne-calcium ngoko kubalulekile. Emva koko iingenelo zembewu kajongilanga zibagqwesa kakhulu kwaye i-cadmium enokuba ikhona ayinakuyenza ingozi.
Ukukhulisa oojongilanga kwiimbewu zikajongilanga
Ukuba unendlu yeentaka kwigadi yakho kwaye ngezinye izihlandlo uyigcwalise ngembewu yelanga, unokumangaliswa ngonyaka ozayo kunye ne-sunflower egadini ekhulile kwimbewu ewayo. Ngenxa yokuba iinkozo ezixotshiweyo nezingapelwanga zidla ngokuntshula ngaphandle kwengxaki. Ngoko ke, zikwalungele ngokumangalisayo ukulinywa kwehlumelo.
Oojongilanga nabo baqhuba kakuhle ezimbizeni, ukuba nje bakwindawo enelanga kwaye imbiza inika indawo eyaneleyo (ububanzi obumalunga ne-30 cm). Oojongilanga abagcini nje ukufaka umbala egadini - emva kokutyatyamba, imbewu inokuvunwa.
Vuna imbewu kajongilanga
Imbewu kajongilanga isembindini wentyatyambo, ijikelezwe ngamagqabi atyheli. Ujongilanga omnye ubonelela ngembewu yejongilanga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1500, kuxhomekeke kwiindidi. Iinkozo zivunwa ukusuka ekupheleni kwehlobo ukuya kutsho ekwindla. Xa amagqabi eqalisa ukubuna kwaye umva wentyatyambo ujike ube tyheli-bumdaka, lixesha lokuvuna. Ngoku unokuyisika intyatyambo ngenxalenye yesikhondo, uyiqhoboshele kumtya kwaye uyixhome ijonge phantsi ngaphakathi ukuze yome.
Xa i-sunflower yomile ngokupheleleyo, imbewu iyawa phantse ngokwayo - oku kufuneka kube njalo emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Kungcono ukubeka isikhwama phezu kwayo ukuze imbewu ibanjwe ngokuthe ngqo. I-cores eseleyo inokukhutshwa ngokulula ngesandla. Ngoku hlamba iimbewu zikajongilanga ezivuniweyo ukususa uthuli nolunye ukungcola uze uzitwabulule phezu kwetawuli ukuze zome ukuze zingaqali ukubumba xa zigcinwe.
Gcina imbewu kajongilanga ngokufanelekileyo
Imbewu kajongilanga igcinwe kakuhle kwindawo eyomileyo, emnyama kwisitya esingangeni moya. Baya kugcina iinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Ukuba ufuna ukugcina imbewu ixesha elide, kufuneka uzigcine efrijini, apho ziya kugcina ukuya kutsho kunyaka. Baza kugcina ubuncinane unyaka kwingxowa yesikhenkcisi ekwisikhenkcisi. Xa imbewu kajongilanga ihamba kakubi, iqala ukuvumba i-rancid encinci kwaye imuncu kwaye incasa engaqhelekanga.
Khulisa izihluma kwiimbewu zikajongilanga
Kulula kakhulu ukukhulisa izihluma ukusuka kwimbewu kajongilanga echuliweyo nengapelwanga, ezithi ke ngoko umz.
- Geza imbewu yejongilanga kwi-colander.
- Emva koko faka iglasi (umz. ingqayi ye-mason) kunye ubuncinane namanzi aphindwe kabini kwaye ufunxe kuyo. Emva koko sebenzisa i-rubber band ukuze udibanise isambatho esincinci, esingenamanzi selaphu okanye isihlunu esihle kwindawo yokuvula. Iinkozo ezixotshiweyo zifuna malunga neeyure ezisi-8 zokumanzisa – zingacocwa malunga neeyure ezili-12.
- Emva kwexesha lokucwina, iintsholongwane zokuqala zivela ngamanye amaxesha. Amanzi ngoku agalelwe ngesisefu.
- Ngoku iglasi ithotywe kancinci ukuze amanzi abaleke. Kungcono ukubeka ipleyiti encinci ngaphantsi kwaye uyame ngento ethile. Iingqayi ezihlumayo ezithengiweyo zinesixhobo esizivumela ukuba zithotywe, umz. B. kumsele osecaleni kwesinki. Nangona kunjalo, ingqayi kufuneka ibe kwindawo efumana ilanga elincinci njengoko kunokwenzeka, kuba imbewu yejongilanga ihluma kakuhle ebumnyameni. Ubushushu begumbi elifanelekileyo lokuntshula buphakathi kwe-18 kunye ne-22 degrees.
- Ukususela ngoku, iglasi kufuneka ihlanjululwe ngamanzi kabini ukuya kathathu ngosuku. Ukuhlanjululwa, i-sieve okanye ilaphu lihlala phezu kwayo kwaye iglasi ijikelezwe ngamaxesha ambalwa. Emva koko iglasi iphinda ithotywe.
- Emva kosuku okanye ezimbini, ihlumela likajongilanga lingadliwa.
Ukuba uyawayeka ahlume ahlume ixesha elide, amagqabi amancinane aya kumila emva kweveki. Ungasebenzisa ezi "microgreens" ngokumangalisayo kwiisaladi. Iikernel ezingahluthwanga zikulungele kangcono oku, njengoko zingenakuchaphazeleka kwiibhaktheriya kunye nokungunda.
Shell imbewu kajongilanga
Ingaba utya imbewu yejongilanga kunye okanye ngaphandle kwegobolondo yinto yokunambitha. Ixolo lingatyiwa, kodwa liphantse lagatywa kwaye linokubangela iingxaki, ngakumbi kubantu abaneengxaki ezikhoyo zokwetyisa. Imbewu kajongilanga engapelwanga ngokuqinisekileyo ayifanele isetyenziswe ngobuninzi.
Ukuba ufuna ukutya imbewu kajongilanga kwangoko, qale ulume kwisithathu sokuqala se-kernel, emva koko kwisithathu sesithathu, kwaye emva koko ekupheleni - ngoko i-kernel iphuma kwigobolondo kwaye ifike ngqo emlonyeni wakho. Kungenjalo, unokuliqhekeza iqokobhe ngamazinyo uze ulisuse ngeenzipho zakho.
Ngelishwa, asikho isisombululo esilula okanye esisebenzayo ngakumbi sokukhupha inani elikhulu ekhaya. Ukuba uphatha iigobolondo ngesando, umzekelo, ininzi ye-cores iphinda iphule, eya kuba lihlazo. Abo bangafuniyo ukwenza umsebenzi wokuxobula ngesandla kubhetele bashiye iinkozo kwiintaka ezisegadini baze bathenge iinkozo esele zikhutshiwe.
Gxuma imbewu kajongilanga?
Ngamanye amaxesha kucetyiswa ukuba udibanise amantongomane kunye nembewu ngaphambi kokutya ngenxa ye-lectin kunye ne-phytic acid content.
Oku kunjalo nakwimbewu yejongilanga, njengoko uphando lubonisa: ingaphathwanga, imbewu iqulethe i-1.52 g phytic acid (nge-100 g imbewu kajongilanga) kwaye emva kokuba imbewu ixutywe iiyure ezili-16, umxholo we-phytic acid wawude unyuke ukuya kwi-1.66 g. Iiyure ezingama-72 kuphela emva kokuhluma kweenkozo i-phytic acid yanciphisa kwi-1.33 g. Umxholo we-lectin awuvavanywanga kuphononongo - asikwazanga ukufumana naluphi na uvandlakanyo kule naphi na ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Ngokomgaqo, i-phytic acid kunye ne-lectin zihlala zibhekwa njengezona ziyingozi kakhulu kwaye zibizwa ngokuba yi-anti-zondlo, nangona zineempawu ezintle. Ukongeza, izinto zomntu ngamnye akufanele zijongwe zodwa.
Ukutya okusekelwe kwizityalo kukwanezinye izinto ezininzi zezityalo zesibini ezikhusela izifo kwaye mhlawumbi zihlawule umonakalo onokubakho kwizithako ezisebenzayo. Ukuphepha imbewu kajongilanga ngenxa yokoyika i-phytic acid kunye ne-lectins kuya kuba yinto ebabayo. Endaweni yoko, njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe kumhlathi wecadmium, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukutya okwahlukeneyo. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, bona isicatshulwa sethu kwi-lectins kwi-nightshades.
Imbewu kajongilanga yosiwe
Imbewu kajongilanga egcadiweyo inencasa emangalisayo, umz. Beka i-kernels - ihlanjululwe okanye ihlanjululwe - kwi-pan ngaphandle kweoli kwaye uyitshise kwindawo ephantsi kakhulu, iphosa ngamaxesha athile. Sukususa amehlo akho kwiimbewu, kuba zivutha ngokukhawuleza - akufuneki zijike zibe mnyama. Emva kwemizuzu embalwa, ii-cores zilungile.
Izixa ezikhulu zinokugcadiswa kwi-oveni kwangoko: uphononongo lubonise ukuba iinkozo kufuneka zosiwe kwi-oven imizuzu engama-45 nge-125 degrees, njengoko iinkozo ziphuhlisa amavumba amnandi aqhotsiweyo kobu bushushu ngaphandle kokungcamla ukutshiswa. Ukusasaza iinkozo kwiphepha lokubhaka, ujike ngamanye amaxesha. Emva kwemizuzu emalunga nama-45 unokukhupha iinkozo kwi-oveni, uziyeke ziphole, kwaye wonwabe.
Ukutshiza i-kernels kumaqondo okushisa ukuya kwii-degrees ze-155 akunampembelelo kumxholo we-asidi enamafutha, njengoko olunye uphando lubonise. Ngoko nje ukuba iinkozo zifudunyezwe, i-fatty acids ikhuselwe ubukhulu becala kwaye ayiziphathi njenge-fatty acids kwioli engenalo naluphi na ukhuseleko. Nangona u-frying ngeoli ye-sunflower, i-trans fatty acids yenza kuphela kwioli ye-sunflower emva kweeyure eziliqela zokufudumeza.
