John Myers
Ibhatata isuka eMzantsi Melika kwaye iyathanda imozulu yetropikhi. Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, inokukhuliswa eJamani okanye eSwitzerland. Ibhatata ithathwa njengeyona mifuno isempilweni kwaye inezondlo. Igcwele izondlo ezixabisekileyo kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo kwaye, ukuba isetyenziswe rhoqo, ineziphumo ezilungileyo ezifanayo kwimpilo. Iibhatata zinencasa ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye zinokulungiswa ngeendlela ezininzi – nokuba zikrwada okanye zibilisiwe, nokuba zosiwe okanye zinjenge chips, nokuba ziyakhawuleza okanye zintsokothile, nokuba zezasekhaya okanye aziqhelekanga. Nantoni na inokwenzeka ngeebhatata.
Iitapile azikho iitapile
Iitapile ngamanye amaxesha zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-batata kwaye ayizizo iitapile kwaphela. Nangona iitapile zizigaqa ezikhula emhlabeni, ukufana “neitapile” zethu ezaziwayo ziphantse zaphela.
Iitapile eziswiti zinefructose eninzi
Ibhatata iqulathe 100 g (4):
- I-Fructose (ishukela yeziqhamo) 630 mg
- IGlucose (dextrose) 760 mg
Oku kuthetha ukuba iqulethe iglucose eninzi ngokuphindwe kabini kunefructose ngoko ke itapile inokunyamezeleka ukusa kumlinganiselo othile ngabantu abaninzi abangayinyamezeliyo ifructose.
Le yindlela iitapile eza ngayo eYurophu
Ibhatata yakhe yahamba isuka eMzantsi Melika isiya eYurophu ithwele imithwalo yomatiloshe waseGenoese uCristoforo Colombo, owaziwa ngcono kuthi njengoChristopher Columbus. ESpeyin nasePortugal, i<em>tuber epinki yakhula yaye kungekudala yakhethwa ukuba ibe kukutya kwamahlwempu.
Kuyabonakala ukuba, ngenxa yoko, abantu baphawula ukuba ngoku babevutha yaye bathanda abantu abakumgangatho ophantsi. Ngenxa yokuba kungekudala i-potato yayinodumo lwe-aphrodisiac kunye ne-potency-enhancing i-tuber yemimangaliso kwaye yadliwa ngoko nangoko zizityebi.
Emva koko amaNgesi acofa iindlebe zawo aza nawo aqalisa ukutya ibhatata. Nangona kunjalo, kwafuneka ukuba bathenge i-tuber kwamanye amazwe kuba yayibanda kakhulu kwisityalo saseNgilani.
Iindawo ezikhulayo zebhatata
Namhlanje, iitapile ikwindawo yesithathu kuluhlu lwazo zonke iingcambu kunye nemifuno ye-tuber kwihlabathi jikelele - emva nje kweembaleki ezimbini ezingaphambili, iitapile kunye necassava. Zingaphezu kwe-120 lezigidi zeetoni zeeyam ezivunwa kwihlabathi jikelele nyaka ngamnye, kunye ne-100 lezigidi zeetoni ezithwele ubunzima eTshayina, apho uninzi lweeyam zisetyenziselwa ukutya kwezilwanyana. Iibhatata ezithengiswa eJamani ubukhulu becala zivela kwaSirayeli okanye eMzantsi Melika.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo zebhatata zinokulinywa kweli lizwe, ukuze mhlawumbi zibe zininzi ngakumbi nangakumbi iibhatata zasekhaya kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.
Indlela yokugcina iitapile
Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-potato inokukhula ukuya kwi-30 cm ubude kwaye inobunzima beekhilogram ezininzi. Ngokwahlukileyo kwiitapile zethu zesiqhelo, ibhatata ayigcini kakuhle. Kwifriji, kufuneka igcinwe kwiindawo ezingabandi kakhulu. Ukuba une-pantry epholileyo, ungazigcina iibhatata apho iintsuku ezimbalwa.
Kwiitropiki, indlela oyenza ngayo kukwemba iitapile kwisitiya sakho sasekhaya kuphela xa uzifuna. Nangona kunjalo, ii-tubers ezimnandi azithandwa kakhulu ngabantu. Amaxhama, iihagu (zasendle) nezinye iimpuku zomba iibhatata ngokuzithanda ukuze xa kufika umgadi, kube lula ukuvunwa umandlalo webhatata.
Ungawatya amagqabi ebhatata
Ungadla nje iibhubhu zeetapile zethu. Esinye isityalo siyaziwa njengetyhefu. Amagqabi ebhatata, kwelinye icala, asetyenziswa njengokutya kwiindawo ezishushu zebhatata aze agaywe abe zizitya ezifana nespinatshi.
Ibhatata inokutyiwa ikrwada
Iibhatata zilungile kakhulu ukuzitya zikrwada. Ngokungafaniyo neitapile, ibhatata ekrwada incasa kamnandi, inejusi, kwaye irhabaxa—iphantse ifane nekherothi egqibeleleyo, ingcono kancinane.
Ingaba ikhona i-hydrocyanic acid kwiibhatata?
Kwiiwebhusayithi ezininzi, umntu ufunda ukuba ibhatata iqulethe i-hydrocyanic acid "ngexabiso elifanelekileyo le-toxicologically". Ngokwenyani, iibhatata zinokuqulatha i-hydrocyanic acid, kodwa AKUKHO kwiimali ezihambelana ne-toxicologically.
Kudala-dala, kwakukho iibhatata ezazinomlinganiselo ophawulekayo we-hydrocyanic acid. Babengcamla krakra. Iindidi zebhatata onokuzithenga kuthi azisayi kungcamla krakra kwaye azisaqulathanga naziphi na izixa ezibalulekileyo ze-hydrocyanic acid.
I-cassava, imbewu ye-lemon, iimbotyi ze-lima (kwakho neentlobo eziphantsi ze-cyanide), kunye ne-almonds ezikrakra, zonke zinencasa ekrakra ngokucacileyo, zinexabiso elothusayo le-cyanide. Nangona kunjalo, iitapile ziqulethe encinci, ukuba ikhona, i-hydrocyanic acid (i-Heiss, i-2004, itekhnoloji yokutya: i-Biotechnological, ikhemikhali, i-mechanical, kunye neenkqubo zokushisa ekuqhubeni ukutya). Ewe, ngokucacileyo ziqulathe kancinci kangangokuba akukho lwazi malunga nomxholo othile we-hydrocyanic acid inokufumaneka kuncwadi.
Ukongeza, umzimba womntu unokwahlula inani elithile le-hydrocyanic acid (20 ukuya kwi-30 mg ngosuku), oku kuthetha ukuba inomatshini wokukhupha i-hydrocyanic acid - ngenxa yesizathu esilula sokuba i-hydrocyanic acid okanye i-precursor compound (ngoko -ebizwa ngokuba yi-cyanogenic glucosides). equlethwe kuninzi lokutya kwethu kwemihla ngemihla, umz. B. kwiiertyisi, kwiinkozo, kwiimbotyi, kwilinseed, kwijusi yecherry, nakwibhiya, ewe ngokusisiseko phantse kuko konke ukutya kwezityalo.
Kwimeko ye-hydrocyanic acid, konke malunga nedosi. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunakuthatha umlinganiselo owothusayo ngokusetyenziswa “okuqhelekileyo” kweebhatata zanamhlanje.
Ukongezelela, i-hydrocyanic acid - ukuba ikhona - iya kususwa ngexesha lokupheka (ubude obufana neitatata). Iba ngumphunga kwi-26 degrees.
Oxalic acid kwiibhatata
Iasidi ye-Oxalic yenye into ekwiibhatata ezikhathaza abanye abantu. Uya ku. atyholwa ngokuthintela ukufunxwa kwezinye iiminerali ezifana ne-iron kunye nokukhuthaza amatye ezintso (abizwa ngokuba ngamatye e-calcium oxalate).
Ukutya okune-oxalic acid kudla ngokudimazeka, nangona oku ngoku kuthathwa njengento ephelelwe lixesha. Kuba phantse konke ukutya okusekelwe kwizityalo - ngakumbi imifuno kunye nemifuno - iqulethe i-oxalic acid. Kwaye ekubeni ukutya okusekwe kwisityalo kubonakalisiwe ukukhusela kwizifo, i-oxalic acid ayinakuba yingxaki njengoko ibango eliphindaphindiweyo.
Ngolwazi olungakumbi malunga ne-oxalic acid, uluhlu lokutya olunomxholo we-oxalic acid, kunye neengcebiso malunga nendlela yokunciphisa umxholo we-oxalic acid kwimifuno (ukuba ufuna), khangela ikhonkco ye-oxalic acid ngasentla.
Kwimeko nayiphi na into, iitapile ziqulethe i-oxalic acid encinci kune-carrots, i-almonds, i-tofu, okanye i-cocoa - oko kukuthi malunga ne-240 mg nge-100 g. Isipinatshi, kwelinye icala, iqulethe phezu 900 mg, kunye rhubarb ngeenxa 800 mg.
Iqokobhe liyatyiwa
Njengesityalo se-nightshade, ukuba igcinwe ngokungalunganga (ukuba uyigcina ekukhanyeni endaweni yobumnyama), iitapile eziqhelekileyo zenza into eyityhefu ebizwa ngokuba yi-solanine esikhumbeni. Iqokobhe lidla ngokujika libe luhlaza. Izityalo zetapile nazo zine-solanine. Ke ngoko, amagqabi okanye ulusu lweitapile alutyiwa.
Nangona kunjalo, ibhatata ayiyonxalenye yosapho lwe nightshade ngoko ke ayivelisi nayiphi na isolanine. Ulusu lwebhatata elilinywe ngokwasemzimbeni lunokutyiwa ngaphandle kwengxaki, ngakumbi xa ucinga ukuba i-substance caiapo ikulusu lwebhatata.
Yintoni iCaiapo kwaye yenza ntoni le nto?
ICaiapo yafunyanwa ngolu hlobo: Kwingingqi yaseJapan (Kagawa), inani elikhulu kakhulu lebhatata liyatyiwa. Apho, ibhatata nayo ityiwa ikrwada. Kwangaxeshanye, abemi balapho babonakala bengazazi izifo ezifana neanemia, uxinezeleko lwegazi nesifo seswekile.
Le nyaniso yavusa umdla wabanye abaphandi, kuquka isazinzulu esivela kwi-CNR ( Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, iBhunga loPhando leSizwe laseItali) ePadua. Ngokubambisana neYunivesithi yaseVienna, bafumanisa isizathu semiphumo emihle yebhatata. Bachonga into ethi Caiapo. Ikakhulu iqulethwe kulusu lwebhatata.
Uvavanyo kunye noCaiapo emva koko lwabonisa ukuba abantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-2 bafumana ukuncitshiswa kwamanqanaba abo eswekile yegazi. Ukongezelela, amanqanaba e-cholesterol ehla kwaye igazi liphuculwe. Ngokubanzi, konke oku kukhokelele ekuphuculeni okubonakalayo kwimeko yempilo jikelele yabathathi-nxaxheba bophando lwamavolontiya. Iziphumo zophando zipapashwe kwi-Diabetes Care, iphephancwadi elisemthethweni le-American Diabetes Association.
Ngaba iitapile ziyangena ekutyeni okune-carb ephantsi?
Ibhatata inika i-24 g yecarbohydrates esebenzisekayo kwi-100 g. Ngoko ke ngokuqinisekileyo ayisiyiyo imifuno ene-carb ephantsi. (Ngendlela, iitapile "eqhelekileyo" ibonelela kuphela malunga ne-15 g ye-carbohydrates.)
Nokuba usafuna ukutya iitapile njengenxalenye yokutya okune-carb ephantsi kuxhomekeke kwindlela oyichaza ngayo i-carb ephantsi, kuba ezinye izidlo ezine-carb ephantsi zivumela phantse akukho carbohydrates (ibhatata ayingeni apha), ngelixa ezinye eziphantsi- Izidlo ze-carb zivumela ukuya kwi-150 g ye-carbohydrates ngosuku. Ibhatata inokudityaniswa kakuhle apha.
Ibhatata inealkaline
Njengayo yonke imifuno, ibhatata yenye yealkaline yokutya.
Ibhatata izisa impilo
Iibhatata zineziphumo ezininzi ezintle zempilo, ezinje ngezifo ezivuthayo, amanqanaba eswekile yegazi, ukugaya, amajoni omzimba, nokunye okuninzi:
Iitapile eziswiti zine-antioxidants
Iibhatata zizityebi ngokungaqhelekanga kwi-antioxidants. Zinempembelelo ekhuselayo emzimbeni ngokuchasene nokudumba kwaye ngaloo ndlela zichasene neengxaki ezinokubalelwa kukudumba, njengomzekelo B. isifuba, isifo samathambo, igawuthi, kunye nezinye iimeko ezininzi.
Iibhatata zilawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi
Iitapile zingumthombo obalaseleyo wekhabhohayidrethi esempilweni, ngakumbi kubantu abaneengxaki ngenqanaba leswekile yegazi. Le mifuno inejusi yengcambu inokunceda ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi kwaye ngaloo ndlela ithintele ukukhula kokumelana ne-insulin (i-pre-diabetes).
Iitapile zinika ifayibha
Iitapile ziphezulu kwifayibha xa zityiwa nesikhumba. Iitapile azipheli nje ukuqhinwa kwaye zikhuthaza ukucolwa kokutya okunempilo kodwa zikwakhusela nomhlaza wekoloni.
Iibhatata zidibanisa amajoni omzimba
Iivithamini kunye nezityalo zesibini kwibhatata nazo zomeleza amajoni omzimba.
Iibhatata zikhusela intliziyo
Iitapile ziluncedo ekuthinteleni isifo sentliziyo. Ngenxa yokuba iphezulu kwi-potassium, iitapile zinokunceda ukukhusela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye ukubetha. I-Potassium ikwaqinisekisa ukulawulwa okunempilo kwe-electrolyte yomzimba kunye nokulinganisela kwamanzi. Ngale ndlela, uxinzelelo lwegazi luzinzile kwaye imisebenzi yentliziyo iqiniswa.
Iitapile zinciphisa iimpawu zoxinzelelo
Iibhatata zinokuba luncedo xa ucinezelekile (umz. ukudinwa ngokugqithiseleyo). Ngamaxesha oxinzelelo, inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinto ezibalulekileyo ziyafuneka kwaye zisetyenziswe. apho iitapile ezinokuhanjiswa khona.
Ibhatata yeyona mifuno inesondlo ngokweCSPI
Iziko leNzululwazi kuMdla woLuntu i-CSPI yathiya itapile yeyona mifuno ixineneyo kuzo zonke. Ibhatata ifumene amanqaku ali-184 kuvavanyo lwe-CSPI ngobutyebi bayo bezondlo kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo. Ibhatata ikhokelela kuluhlu lwe-CSPI lweyona mifuno isempilweni ngomda ocacileyo. Imifuno yesibini enempilo (iitapile) ifumene amanqaku angama-83 kuphela. I-CSPI ngumbutho ozimeleyo waseMelika ongenzi nzuzo ozama ukuphucula impilo yoluntu ngolwazi malunga nesondlo.
Lima itapile ngokwakho
Ngoku kukho iindidi zeebhatata ezinokulinywa kuMbindi Yurophu. Imozulu epholileyo ekhulayo kwingingqi yethu ikwaqinisekisa ukuba izityalo ezingaqhelekanga ziziva zikhululekile ngakumbi. Izithole zebhatata zityalwa emva kweengcwele zomkhenkce, njengoko isityalo siya kufa xa kukho iqabaka. Umhlaba otyebileyo kunye ne-humus ubalulekile, ngokusisiseko ngumhlaba ofanayo apho iitapile zikhula khona.
Ibhatata ayikhuselekanga kwizifo okanye izinambuzane kwaye ngoko ke isityalo esinomdla kubalimi abazimeleyo kunye nezinto ezizithandayo. Ziimpuku kuphela ezidla iibhubhu xa ziwalandela.
Ukungena kwamanzi kufuneka kuphetshwe, kodwa kunye nokomisa. Iibhatata zinokuvunwa ngo-Okthobha. Kufuneka uqaphele ukuba ungalimazi iibhubhu, ngaphandle koko, ziya kuqala ukubola ngokukhawuleza kwezi ndawo kwaye azikwazi ukugcinwa.
Ukulungiswa kweebhatata
Iitapile inokulungiswa ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwaye ifanelekile njengesiseko senani elingapheliyo lezitya ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ungonwabela iitapile ezisikwe zibe ziziqwenga njengokutya okumnandi, okunejusi okukrwada komnwe okanye kugayiwe kakuhle njengesaladi (efana nesaladi yomnqathe).
Ibhatata ingasetyenziselwa zonke iiresiphi "eziqhelekileyo" zetapile. Ngoko unokupheka i-potato (ngesikhumba), unokubhaka, u-gratinate, uqhotse, ugcobe okanye uhlambuluke.
Kwi-Ayurvedic kunye ne-Indian cuisine, iitapile zikwasetyenziswa rhoqo njenge dessert.
