Danielle Moore
IJamani - ilizwe lenkcubeko yezonka. Akukho naliphi na elinye ilizwe elinobudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nemveli kunye neemveliso zalo zokubhaka. Kwizikhokelo zayo, iNcwadi yoKutya yaseJamani yahlula phakathi kwamaqela ali-17 eentlobo zezonka. Sinikezela ngeentlobo zezonka ezaziwa kakhulu.
NgokweRejista yesonka saseJamani, kukho ngaphezulu kwe-3,100 izonka ezibhalisiweyo ezibhalisiweyo eJamani.
Kukho iresiphi echanekileyo yodidi ngalunye lwesonka. Oku kucacisiwe kwincwadi yokutya yaseJamani yesonka kunye neempahla ezincinci ezibhakiweyo ezivela kwi-Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture.
Ukusukela ngo-2014, inkcubeko yesonka saseJamani ibiyinxalenye yelifa lenkcubeko elingaphathekiyo le-UNESCO.
Ngaphezulu kwe-3,100 yezonka ezikhethekileyo ezibhalisiweyo kwiRejista yesonka saseJamani, iziko lesonka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, lizinikele kuqeqesho lwesonka sommeliers, kunye noSuku lwesonka lwaseJamani olubhengezwe ngokukodwa, oluqhubeka minyaka yonke nge-5 kaMeyi - uthando lwamaJamani isonka sabo ngokucacileyo asazi namnye umda.
Urhwebo lwezonka luphuhlile kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yaseJamani kwiinkulungwane. Oku kubangele inani elikhulu leentlobo zezonka kunye neendlela zokubhaka, eziye zaba yinxalenye yelifa lenkcubeko ye-UNESCO engaphathekiyo ngo-2014 njengenkcubeko yezonka eziqhelekileyo.
Iintlobo zezonka: zeziphi iinkozo ezisetyenziswayo?
Into ethatha isigqibo malunga neentlobo zezonka eJamani kukufumaneka kweentlobo ezininzi zeenkozo. Kurhwebo lokubhaka, kwenziwa umahluko phakathi kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba ziinkozo zesonka irye, ingqolowa kunye nespelt, ezinye iintlobo zeenkozo ezinje ngeoyile, irhasi, umbona kunye ne millet, kunye ne-pseudo-cereals njenge-amaranth, buckwheat kunye nequinoa.
Iindidi zeenkozo ezichazwa njengokhozo lwesonka zinento ebizwa ngokuba yisakhono sokuzibhaka. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa zixutywe, zenza inhlama e-elastic kunye ne-cohesive, apho i-crumb yenziwe xa ibhaka. Umgubo we-Cereal osuka kwi-oats kunye nerhasi kunye nomgubo ophuma kwi-pseudocereals awunakwenza ulwakhiwo lwentlama yentlama kwaye ke idla ngokuxutywa nomgubo wesonka wesiriyeli.
Iiresiphi zesonka zilawulwa ngokungqongqo
Ukuze isonka sengqolowa esixutywe sikwazi ukuzibiza ngokuba sisonka sengqolowa esixutywe, umzekelo, kufuneka silandele iresiphi echanekileyo. Le nto ibonakala ngathi ilawulwa kwincwadi yokutya yaseJamani yesonka kunye neempahla ezincinci ezibhakiweyo zeSebe lezokutya kunye nezoLimo. Ikomishini emva kwencwadi yahlula malunga ne-17 iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesonka kwaye yabhala iimpawu ezibalulekileyo kunye neempawu zazo. Sidwelise ezona ndidi zibalulekileyo zezonka ngezantsi.
1. Isonka sengqolowa
Izonka ezinomgubo wengqolowa ubuncinane we-90 ekhulwini zibhekwa njengesonka sengqolowa. Igwele ngokwesithethe lisetyenziswa njenge agent yokubhaka kwisonka sengqolowa. Iifom ezaziwa kakhulu zisonka se-tin, i-yeast braid okanye, ngamazwe ngamazwe, i-baguette okanye i-chiabatta.
2. Isonka se-rye
Izonka ze-rye zibonakaliswa ngumgubo we-rye ubuncinane we-90 yepesenti yomgubo we-rye. Ekubeni iintlama ezinomgubo we-rye zingabhaka kuphela ngokufaka i-asidi, zilungiselelwe kwisiseko somuncu. Oku kunika isonka se-rye incasa emuncu kancinane. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesonka se-rye sisonka somfama.
Iintlobo zehlathi: I-Wholemeal, i-multigrain kunye nezonka ezixutywe
3. isonka esixutywe
Izonka ezixutyiweyo zineentlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zomgubo. Njengomthetho wesithupha, ezi ntlobo zezonka zinokuba neepesenti ezingaphezu kwama-50 kwaye ngaphantsi kweepesenti ze-90 zomgubo wengqolowa. Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni isonka esixutywe siqulethe ingqolowa eninzi okanye umgubo we-rye, ulungiselelwe ngegwele okanye i-sourdough. Ifomu eyaziwayo yesonka se-rye esixubileyo, umzekelo, isonka esimdaka, ukwahluka okwaziwayo kwesonka sengqolowa edibeneyo sisinkwa se-crust bread.
4. Isonka Sengqolowa Epheleleyo
Isonka se-wholemeal senziwa ubuncinane kwi-90 yepesenti yerye, ingqolowa okanye umgubo we-spelled. Ngokuchaseneyo nomgubo wamandulo, umgubo opheleleyo osetyenziselwa oku uqulathe zonke iinxalenye zesiriyeli kwaye ngokunjalo noluhlu olupheleleyo lweevithamini, iiminerali kunye ne-roughage. Ukongezelela, ubuncinane isibini kwisithathu se-asidi eyongeziweyo kufuneka ivele kwintlama emuncu.
Okungafaniyo zizonka ze-wholemeal kunye ne-oats okanye i-Geste. Kufuneka ziqulathe ubuncinci i-20 yepesenti yengqolowa engaziwa. Ukuze zisajongwa njengezonka ezipheleleyo, ingqolowa okanye umgubo we-rye wongezwa kumgubo oseleyo. Ukongeza kumgubo opheleleyo, isidlo somgubo, i-semolina okanye i-bran ye-wholemeal ingasetyenziselwa isonka esipheleleyo.
5. Isonka se-Multigrain
Izonka ze-Multigrain kufuneka ziqulathe ubuncinci bemifula emithathu eyahlukeneyo yeenkozo. Ubuncinci iipesenti ezintlanu zohlobo ngalunye lweenkozo kufuneka zifakwe kwiresiphi. Ukongeza kuhlobo lwesonka sesonka, njenge-rye, ingqolowa okanye i-spelled, isonka se-multigrain sihlala sibandakanya uhlobo olungenalo isonka, njengebhali, i-oats okanye ingqolowa.
Izonka ezinefiber eninzi zisempilweni
6. I-Pumpernickel
I-Pumpernickel ithathwa njengesempilweni kakhulu kuba inefiber eninzi, iivithamini kunye neeminerali. Uhlobo lwesonka lubandakanya izithako ezintathu kuphela: umgubo we-rye, amanzi kunye netyuwa. Iresiphi kufuneka iqulathe ubuncinci be-90 yepesenti yokutya kwe-rye. Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuvelisa: i-pumpernickel ibhakwa kwi-oven phakathi kwe-16 kunye ne-24 iiyure. Ixesha elide lokubhaka likwenza ukuba isonka sihlale ixesha elide kakhulu.
7. Ukuthambisa
Isonka esithosiweyo sisidlo sakusasa sakudala. I-toast ibhaka kwipani ekhethekileyo yesonka ukugcina i-crust ithambile. Ngokutsho kweNcwadi yoKutya yaseJamani, isonka esithotyiweyo sengqolowa kufuneka sibe malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zomgubo wengqolowa. Kwi-toast ye-wholemeal, ngakolunye uhlangothi, umgaqo usebenza ukuba i-wholemeal ngqolowa kunye nomgubo we-rye unokuxutywa kuyo nayiphi na imilinganiselo.
8. Isonka esiqholiweyo
I-Swedish classic crispbread nayo ithandwa kakhulu kweli lizwe. Iresiphi yokuqala yayisekelwe kumgubo we-rye we-wholemeal. Ngoku kukho inani elikhulu lokwahluka okusekwe kuluhlu olubanzi lomgubo wecereal okanye isidlo esipheleleyo. Iindidi zomntu ngamnye zikwahluka ngokongezwa kwembewu kunye neziqholo ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokutsho kweNcwadi yoKutya yaseJamani, isonka esigqityiweyo asifanele sibe ngaphezu kwe-10 ekhulwini lokufuma. Intlama kufuneka inyuswe ngokwasemzimbeni ngokubiliswa kwedoma elimuncu, ukunyuswa kwegwele okanye ukungena komoya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhulula inhlama ngokusebenzisa i-extrusion eshushu, inkqubo yokuchithwa kwamanzi apho inhlama ifudumala phantsi koxinzelelo, ayivunyelwe.
Yenza isonka ngokwakho: Ngale recipe iyasebenza
Ukuzenzela ngokwakho kungcono kunokuthenga. Ukuba ubhaka isonka sakho, unokulawula ngokupheleleyo izithako kwaye unokulungelelanisa iresiphi kwizinto ozikhethayo. Ngeresiphi yethu yesonka, isonka sokuqala esiphekwe ekhaya silula. Konke okudingayo zizithako ezine kunye nexesha elincinci.
