Melis Campbell
Inyama ebhemayo, ecutshunguliwe kanye nenyama ebomvu iye yahlotshaniswa nengozi ephakeme yezimo zezempilo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise: isifo sohlangothi, isifo senhliziyo, uhlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela.
Ingabe inyama ebhenywayo ayinampilo?
Inyama engakagaywa inempilo futhi ayiwandisi amathuba okuphathwa izifo zenhliziyo nesifo sikashukela. Nakuba ukuzitika ngokweqile ngenyama egayiwe kungase kube yingozi empilweni yakho, ukuthatha inani elilinganiselwe lenyama eselashiwe noma ebhenyiwe kulungile.
Ingabe inyama ebhemayo yasekhaya inempilo?
Inyama ebhenywayo iyikhethelo elifanele lokudla okulula okunempilo njengoba inamaprotheni amaningi amancane kuyilapho iphansi kwamafutha nama-carbs. Lezi zilwane zigcwele amaprotheni amahle anomzimba, ukunambitheka kwe-smoky, umswakama, kodwa abe nengxenye yamafutha.
Ungadla kangaki inyama ebhemayo?
Uma uyidla ngokulinganisela futhi ulandela zonke izindinganiso zokuphepha, ungadla inyama ebhemayo kanye noma kabili ngesonto.
Ingabe akunampilo ukudla ukudla okubhenywayo?
Ucwaningo lwakamuva olumayelana nokudla okubhenyiwe noma okugayiwe kubonise ukuthi kuqukethe ukungcola kwamakhemikhali ayingozi empilweni yethu, futhi akwazi ukudala izifo eziyingozi njengomdlavuza nesifo senhliziyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ingabe ukudla okubhenywayo kubangela umdlavuza?
Ukubhema kungumthombo owaziwayo wokudla ongcolile obangelwa yi-carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Ucwaningo lwe-Epidemiological lukhombisa ukuhlangana kwezibalo phakathi kokuvela komdlavuza womgudu wamathumbu nokudla okuvamile kokubhema.
Ukubhema inyama kukwenza kanjani kuphephe ukudliwa?
Ukubhema inyama, inhlanzi, nezinkukhu kungenye yezindlela zokwengeza ukunambitheka emkhiqizweni wokudla, kodwa kunomphumela omncane kakhulu wokulondoloza ukudla. Ukuze ugcine inyama ebhemayo, izinkukhu, nenhlanzi kuphephile, pheka umkhiqizo wenyama emazingeni okushisa okugcina atuswayo ukuze ubulale amagciwane okugula atholakala ekudleni.
Ingabe ukubhema inyama kungcono kunokugcoba?
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokubhema vs ukugcoba yisikhathi. Ukubhema kungaba inqubo yosuku lonke enokuqapha njalo izinga lokushisa ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi inyama ipheka ngokulinganayo. Ukugcoba kufinyeleleka kalula futhi kuyashesha, kodwa ukubhema kunikeza umkhiqizo onethenda nokunambitheka okucishe kungenzeki ukuwuphindaphinda.
Iyiphi indlela enempilo yokupheka inyama?
Khetha izindlela zokupheka ezinempilo, njengokuphuza ukupheka, ukupheka ingcindezi kanye ne-sous vide, lapho kungenzeka khona. Kodwa-ke, uma ugcoba inyama yakho noma uyifaka ngokujulile, unganciphisa izingozi ngokususa imvuthu, hhayi ukupheka inyama ngokweqile nokusebenzisa amafutha anempilo nama-marinade.
Ingabe inyama ebhemayo iyacutshungulwa?
Yonke inyama ebhenyiwe, enosawoti, ephelisiwe, eyomisiwe noma ekheniwe ibhekwa njengegayiwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amasoseji, ama-hot dog, i-salami, i-ham kanye nobhekeni olashiwe.
Kungani ukubhema inyama kuyigcina?
Ukugcina inyama ngentuthu, izindlela zokubhema ezibandayo zidinga ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu kuhilela ukwelapha usawoti ukuvimbela amagciwane, isigaba sokubhema esibandayo somisa inyama ukuze kukhishwe umswakama odingwa amagciwane angafuneki ukuze aphile. Intuthu iphethe izinto ezilwa namagciwane kanye ne-antifungal.
Ingabe i-brisket ebhemayo iphilile?
Ngokusho kwabacwaningi baseTexas A&M, i-brisket yenkomo iqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-oleic acid, ekhiqiza amazinga aphezulu e-HDL, uhlobo “oluhle” lwe-cholesterol. I-Oleic acid inezinzuzo ezimbili ezinkulu: ikhiqiza ama-HDL, ehlisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, futhi yehlisa i-LDL uhlobo “ olubi” lwe-cholesterol.
Ingabe inyama ebhenyiwe ingakugulisa?
Inyama ebhemayo ixhumene namabhaktheriya amaningana. Ngokwesibonelo, ingase ingcoliswe i-Listeria noma i-Clostridium botulinum, okuholela ekuguleni okubangelwa ukudla. I-Clostridium botulinum nayo ingabangela ukuhlanza okudlulele, inkulumo engacacile, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, nokubona kabili.
Ingabe inyama kagesi ebhemayo inempilo?
Ababhemayo bakagesi abanempilo nje kuphela ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla abazilungiselelayo, kodwa nomklamo wabo uphephile futhi. Naphezu komuzwa ofudumele nowekhaya wokuthi intuthu evela ku-grill ingafaka, akukuhle kakhulu kuwe.
Ilungele isikhathi esingakanani inyama ebhenywayo?
Inyama ebhemayo ingagcinwa izinsuku ezine, inqobo nje uma ibifakwa esiqandisini kungakapheli amahora amabili isusiwe kulowo obhemayo. Uma ugoqa kahle futhi uqandisa inyama yakho ebhemayo, ingahlala izinyanga ezintathu.
Ingabe ukubhema i-steak kuwufanele?
I-steak ebhemayo iyindlela emnandi kakhulu yokulungisa i-steak. I-steak iphuma ku-grill inamanzi futhi igcwele ukunambitheka. Awudingi ukujwayelana nezinongo, njengoba intuthu ikwenzela umsebenzi omningi.
Ngabe inyama ebhemayo iphekiwe noma iluhlaza?
Ukubhema okubandayo kuyahluka ekubhemeni okushisayo ngoba ukudla kuhlala kuluhlaza, kunokuba kuphekwe, ngesikhathi sokubhema. Amazinga okushisa e-smokehouse okubhema okubandayo ngokuvamile enziwa phakathi kuka-20 kuya ku-30 °C (68 kuya ku-86 °F). Kuleli banga lokushisa, ukudla kuba nephunga elimnandi elibhemayo, kodwa kuhlala kunomswakama.
Ingabe udinga ukufaka inyama ebhemayo efrijini?
Ngaphambi kokufaka esiqandisini abantu babesebenzisa inhlanganisela yokubhema, ukuphulukisa nokomisa ukuze balondoloze inyama. Namuhla simane siyibheme ngaphandle kokuyilapha noma yomiswe, ngakho idinga ukufakwa esiqandisini ngoba umswakama ukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane.
Inyama eyomisiwe kagwayi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Inyama ebhenywayo izohlala izinsuku ezingu-2-4 efrijini noma izinyanga ezingu-6 efrijini. Uma uhlela ukugcina inyama ebhemayo isikhathi eside kunaleso, kungcono ukuyivala nge-vacuum. Ukuvalwa kwe-vacuum kuzovimbela inyama ukuthi yome futhi iyigcine iyintsha isikhathi esingangonyaka.
Kungani inyama ebhemayo ingiphatha kabi?
Ama-nitrate nama-nitrites avame ukusetshenziswa enyameni epakishiwe, efana nobhekeni, inyama yesidlo sasemini kanye nezinja ezishisayo, angabangela ikhanda. Lawa ama-preservatives asetshenziselwa ukunikeza inyama isikhathi eside sokuphila.
Ingabe inyama ebhenywayo inesodium ephezulu?
Inyama egayiwe njengenyama yesidlo sasemini, ubhekeni, isoseji, inyama ebhenywayo, inyama yenkomo yombila noma inyama eselashiwe ngokuvamile iphezulu kakhulu kwisodium.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zemikhiqizo ebhemayo empilweni yethu?
Ngokwenza ukudla okunomsoco okunamaprotheni amaningi okujabulisa ukukudla, ukudla okubhenywayo kwenza ukwengeza okuhle kunoma yikuphi ukudla okulinganiselayo. Inhlanzi ebhenywayo, ikakhulukazi, inothe ngemisoco efana ne-omega-3 fatty acids, kuyilapho inyama ebhenywayo eminingi ine-ayoni ephezulu.
