Ukushoda Kwensimbi: Bona kusenesikhathi futhi Uphathe Kahle

I-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-iron ingenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-anemia. Endabeni ye-anemia, izitho azinikezwa umoya-mpilo owanele. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ukukhathala kanye nomuzwa ojwayelekile wokuba buthakathaka.

Cishe amaphesenti angu-30 enani labantu emhlabeni ahlushwa ukuntuleka kwe-iron anemia. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-iron, umzimba awukwazi ukukhiqiza umbala obomvu wegazi owanele (i-hemoglobin). I-hemoglobin isemangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi - futhi umsebenzi wayo ukubopha umoya-mpilo futhi uwuhambise kumaseli lapho kudingeka.

Umuntu udinga insimbi engakanani?

Abantu kufanele bamunce i-ayoni ngokudla. Ukudla okunomsoco ngokuvamile kuqukethe i-ayoni eyanele ukumboza imfuneko yansuku zonke. Inyama, inhlanzi, namantongomane ikakhulukazi aqukethe insimbi eningi. Abadla imifino kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi bafaka ukudla kwezitshalo okune-iron ekudleni kwabo. Lezi zihlanganisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto:

• ubhontshisi
• Ubhontshisi omhlophe
• UBeetroot
• isizwe
• i-amaranth
• ukhokho
• Amakhambi (isib. thyme, basil)
• Ama-currants amnyama nabomvu
• abadalaberries
• amajikijolo
• amawolintshi

Ukudla okunomsoco kuqukethe cishe amamiligremu ayi-10 kuya kwangu-15 ensimbi ngosuku. Kodwa umzimba ungamunca kuphela amaphesenti amahlanu kuya kwayishumi ensimbi ekudleni ngamaseli asemathunjini. Okunye kukhishelwa indle. Ukuthi umzimba ulahlekelwa insimbi engakanani futhi okufanele uyishintshe ngosuku kuncike, phakathi kwezinye izinto, eminyakeni yobudala nobulili. Abesilisa nabesifazane abangemva kokuya esikhathini balahlekelwa cishe imiligremu yensimbi nsuku zonke. Abesifazane abanezikhathi zenyanga balahlekelwa amamiligremu amathathu. Kukhona nesidingo esikhulayo sokusansimbi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa ibele kanye nangesikhathi sokukhula. Ngakho-ke, i-German Society for Nutrition, itusa ukudla okusansimbi nsuku zonke ngokudla:

• Amadoda aneminyaka engu-19 nangaphezulu kanye nabesifazane abanqamula ukuya esikhathini: amamiligremu angu-10 ensimbi
• Amantombazane aneminyaka engu-10 nangaphezulu nabesifazane abanesikhathi sokuya esikhathini: amamiligremu angu-15 ensimbi
• Ukuncelisa ibele: amamiligremu angu-20 ensimbi
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe: amamiligremu angu-30 ensimbi

Izimpawu ze-anemia

Endabeni ye-anemia, izitho azinikezwa ngokwanele umoya-mpilo.

Izikhalazo ezijwayelekile yilezi:

• ukuphaphatheka
• ukukhathala
• isiyezi
• umuzwa ojwayelekile wobuthakathaka ohambisana nokukhathala nokulahlekelwa ukusebenza
• Ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kokuzikhandla
• palpitations

Okulandelayo yizikhalazo ezingavamile:

• isikhumba esimangelengele, esiqhekekile
• amakhona omlomo aqhekekile
• izipikili ziyaqothuka
• izinzipho ezigobe ngaphakathi (izinzipho ezingenalutho)
• izinwele ezibomvu, ezibomvu
• Ukuvutha kolimi ngobuhlungu lapho ugwinya
• izifiso ezingavamile, isibonelo, umcako, umhlaba, noma ama-ice cubes

Ukuxilongwa kwe-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-iron

Odokotela bavame ukuxilonga i-iron-deficiency anemia ngengozi phakathi nokuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile. Lapho kukhona ukuntula okusansimbi, umzimba uqala uthulule ezitolo zawo zensimbi. Kuphela lapho lezi zindawo ezigciniwe seziphelile lapho i-anemia iqala khona.

Uma usola ukuntuleka kwe-iron, kufanele ufune iseluleko kudokotela womndeni wakho ukuze uqale ukuxilonga futhi ucacise izimbangela. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kubalulekile ukuthatha umlando wezokwelapha onemininingwane eminingi (i-anamnesis) nemibhalo yendlela yokuphila nemikhuba yokudla, izifo zangaphambilini, kanye nokuthatha imithi. Kwabesifazane abasebasha, kufanele kubhalwe ukuthi imvamisa, ubude besikhathi, kanye nobukhulu bokuya esikhathini kufanele kubhalwe kanjani, futhi kubantu asebekhulile, imibuzo kufanele ibuzwe mayelana nokopha okuvela emathunjini noma ezithweni zomchamo nezitho zangasese.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokuhlolwa kunikeza ulwazi oluqondile mayelana nebhalansi yensimbi. Kukalwa:

• Inani lamangqamuzana egazi abomvu (ama-erythrocyte): Uma embalwa kakhulu, lokhu kubonisa i-anemia.
• Inani lebala elibomvu legazi (inani le-hemoglobin, inani le-Hb): Uma lehla, kuba ne-anemia.
• Inani le-Hematocrit (Hkt): Lokhu kulinganisa ingxenye yezingxenye eziqinile noma amaseli egazini kuvolumu yegazi. Njengoba iningi lamangqamuzana egazini liyi-erythrocyte, i-hematocrit iphinde inikeze ulwazi olungaqondile mayelana nenani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Kodwa-ke, izinguquko ebhalansi yoketshezi nazo zinethonya elikhulu kukho. Inani le-hematocrit elincishisiwe lingabonisa i-anemia, kodwa ingaba nezinye izimbangela.
• I-Mean erythrocyte volume (MCV): I-MCV ilinganisa umthamo wamangqamuzana egazi abomvu ngamanye. Ngokuntuleka kwe-iron-deficiency anemia, i-MCV iyancipha.
• I-Mean erythrocyte hemoglobin (MCH): Inani le-MCH libonisa ukuthi singakanani ibala legazi elibomvu elikhona ku-erythrocyte ngokwesilinganiso. Ngokuntuleka kwe-iron-deficiency anemia, i-MCH iyancipha.
• Ama-reticulocyte amangqamuzana abomvu egazi aqala ukukhula. Ukuze uvale ukuntuleka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, umzimba ukhulula amangqamuzana abomvu egazi agcinwe emnkantsheni. Uma kungekho amangqamuzana avuthiwe anele atholakala lapho, izandulela ezingakavuthwa ngokugcwele, ama-reticulocyte, nazo zikhishwa egazini. Ngakho-ke, inani eliphakeme lama-reticulocyte egazini libonisa ukuthi amangqamuzana amaningi abomvu egazi alahlekile futhi umzimba uzama ukuwagcwalisa ngokushesha. I-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-iron kubangela ukwanda kwama-reticulocyte ngemuva kokuphathwa kwe-iron.
• I-Transferrin/transferrin saturation: I-Transferrin iyiphrotheni yokuthutha yensimbi. Ithwala insimbi isuka kuma-enterocyte, anesibopho sokumunca insimbi emathunjini iye ezitolo zomzimba. Ukuncipha kokugcwala kwe-transferrin kungabonisa ukuntuleka kwensimbi, inqobo nje uma kungekho ukuvuvukala njengoba i-transferrin nayo yehla ngenxa yokuvuvukala.
• I-Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR): I-ayoni ebophezelekile ekudluliselweni kwegazi ingena kumaseli abomvu egazi ngama-receptors akhethekile, ama-transferrin receptors, ngodonga lweseli. Kungakho inani lama-receptors egazini lenyuka ku-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi.
• I-Ferritin (insimbi yokugcina): Le phrotheni encibilika emanzini igcina okusansimbi futhi ivikela amaseli emiphumeleni elimazayo yensimbi yamahhala. Itholakala kakhulu kumaseli esibindi, umnkantsha, nobende, kodwa nakwezinye izicubu ezinjengemisipha. I-ferritin elinganiswa egazini ikhombisa ukuthi izitolo zensimbi zomzimba zigcwala kangakanani. Izinga le-ferritin elincishisiwe liyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu ye-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona ukuvuvukala ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungase futhi kuphakanyiswe.

Uma kunqunywa ukuntuleka kwe-iron, kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela. Ngokuya ngokuxilongwa okusolwayo kanye neminyaka yomuntu othintekayo, udokotela uqala izinyathelo ezifanele zokuxilonga. Ukulahlekelwa igazi kuvame ukubangela ukuxilongwa kwe-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi - kulokhu, ukopha kufanele kukhishwe njengembangela. Okokuqala, indle ihlolwa igazi. Kuye ngomphumela, kungase kudingeke i-endoscopy yamathumbu ukuze kuqedwe noma kuqinisekiswe ukusola kokuphuma kwegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umchamo kufanele uhlolwe igazi futhi, esimweni sabesifazane, ukuhlolwa kwezifo zabesifazane nakho kungenziwa. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa udokotela wezindlebe, ikhala, nomphimbo nakho kungaba yingxenye yokuxilongwa ukuze kutholwe imbangela yokulahleka kwegazi okungapheli. Ukuhlolwa kokumuncwa kwensimbi ukuze kukhishwe ukuphazamiseka ekumunceni insimbi emathunjini manje kuvame ukukhishwa ngenxa yokungabi bikho komqondo.