Crystal Nelson
Matenda a mafangasi akuwopseza minda ya nthochi padziko lonse lapansi. Matenda a nthochi TR4 amagunda mitundu yomwe imapanga 99 peresenti ya nthochi zonse zotumizidwa kunja.
Matenda a mafangasi otchedwa Tropical Race (TR4) akuwopseza nthochi za Cavendish. Mpaka pano palibe mankhwala.
Tsopano bowa wafikanso ku Costa Rica. Dzikoli lalengeza zadzidzidzi phytosanitary state.
Bowa ndi wopanda vuto kwa anthu, koma amapha ku nthochi.
Pambuyo pa maapulo, nthochi ndi chipatso chodziwika kwambiri ku Germany: aliyense wa ife amadya pafupifupi makilogalamu khumi ndi awiri a zipatso zachikasu chaka chilichonse. Tsopano nthochi ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu: bowa lakhala likufalikira kwa zaka zingapo, zomwe pakadali pano palibe mankhwala. Tsopano matenda oopsa a mafangasi a Tropical Race 4 (TR4) afikanso ku kontinenti komwe pafupifupi nthochi zonse m'masitolo athu akuluakulu zimachokera: Latin America.
Bowa woopsa: Nthochi ili pachiwopsezo
Pakadali pano, matenda a nthochi achitika makamaka ku Asia ndi Africa, komwe adawononga minda yonse. Pakali pano, asayansi apezanso TR4 ku South America. Iwo anapeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m’minda ya kumpoto chakum’maŵa kwa Colombia, ndi ku Costa Rica m’chilimwe chino. Kufalikira ndi koopsa kwambiri chifukwa South America ndiye malo ofunikira kwambiri kukula kwa nthochi pamsika waku Europe.
Kodi posachedwapa sikudzakhalanso nthochi?
"TR4 imakhudza makamaka mitundu ya nthochi ya Cavendish," akutero a German Fruit Trade Association. "Tiyenera kuchita mantha kuti m'tsogolomu sipadzakhalanso nthochi zamtundu wa Cavendish pamsika waku Germany."
Izi ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthochi ikhale yovuta kwambiri
Matenda a nthochi ndi owopsa chifukwa palibe njira ina ya nthochi ya Cavendish: Imalimidwa mu monocultures ndipo ndi nthochi yofunikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ku Germany ili ndi gawo la msika la 90 peresenti.
Kuonjezera apo, nthochi zomwe zimalimidwa zimakhala zofanana mwachibadwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitengeka kwambiri ndi matenda. Nthochi za Cavendish sizibalanso mbewu chifukwa nthochi ndi zazikulu komanso zolimba komanso zosakoma kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthochi zinawetedwa, zomwe sizimafalikira kudzera mu njere, koma zimachokera ku mbande. Chomera chilichonse chaching'ono chimakhala chofanana ndi chomera chakale. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala owoneka bwino pakulima kwakukulu - kumbali ina, mbewu zofananira ndizosavuta kudwala.
Matenda a nthochi TR4
Bowa wa m'thumba la mtundu wa Fusarium umalowa mu nthochi kupyola mumizu ndipo pang'onopang'ono umafa. Malo omwe ali ndi matenda akuyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo sangathenso kulima nthochi chifukwa bowa amatha kukhala ndi moyo m'nthaka kwa zaka zambiri.
Kodi nthochi ingapulumutsidwe bwanji?
Palibe fungicide yothandiza, ndipo palibe mitundu ina ya nthochi yosamva yomwe yakonzeka kulimidwa pamlingo waukulu. Asayansi akuyesetsa kuti apeze zotsutsana ndi nthochi zakutchire ndikuwasamutsira ku nthochi ya Cavendish. Komabe, kuwoloka nthochi za ku Cavendish ndi nthochi zakutchire sikophweka, chifukwa nthochi zolimidwa sizichulukana kudzera mu njere. Panopa ofufuza akugwira ntchito yokonza ma genetic kuti abereke nthochi zomwe zimalimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus ndi ma virus.
Atapeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a TR4, dziko la Colombia lidalengeza za ngozi yadzidzidzi ndikupereka ndalama zokwana madola 18 miliyoni kuti athane nazo. Boma ndi eni minda tsopano akuyesetsa kuti matendawa asafalikire. Costa Rica yalengezanso zadzidzidzi zadzidzidzi.
Nthochi za organic nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino kwambiri - koma pankhani ya TR4, kufikira zinthu zakuthupi sizothandiza, bowa limakhudza zipatso za organic monga momwe zimakhalira.
Matendawa alibe vuto kwa anthu
Mpaka pano, sipanakhale chizindikiro cha mliri wa nthochi m'masitolo athu akuluakulu. Okonda nthochi m'dziko lino sayenera kuopa TR4, matenda a mafangasi alibe vuto lililonse kwa anthu. Komabe, ngati minda ya nthochi yaku South America ikawonongeka pang'onopang'ono, izi zipangitsanso kukwera kwamitengo ya nthochi mdziko muno.
Choipa kwambiri, komabe, ndi chakuti maiko omwe akutumiza kunja akutaya ndalama zofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha malonda a zipatso zotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo chakudya chofunika kwambiri kwa anthu sichikhoza kupezekanso posachedwa.
Kusintha kwanyengo ndikowonjezera chiopsezo ku nthochi
Osati bowa lokha lomwe limawopseza tsogolo la nthochi. Kusintha kwanyengo kungakhudzenso kukolola nthochi m'tsogolomu, ofufuza akuchenjeza m'magazini ya Nature Climate Change. Kuchokera mu 2050, pakhoza kukhala kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mbewu, makamaka ku India, Brazil ndi Colombia.
