Crystal Nelson
Tinoda chokoreti. Asi munhu anogona kurasikirwa nechido chake kana achipiwa magumo evarimi vecocoa vakawanda. Chokoreti inogadzirwa kubva mufair-trade cocoa haigadzirise zvikwama zvedu, asi inobatsira varimi vadiki muAfrica, Central neSouth America kuti vave nehupenyu huri nani.
Kushungurudzwa kweminda yecocoa, kunyanya muWest Africa, kwave kuchizivikanwa kwemakore angangoita makumi maviri. Kare muna 2000, mushumo weterevhizheni weBBC wakashamisa nyika yose. Vatori venhau vakafumura kutengeswa kwevana kubva kuBurkina Faso, Mali neTogo. Vatengesi vevanhu vakanga vatengesa vasikana nevakomana sevaranda kuti varime cocoa muIvory Coast. Sekureva kweFood and Agriculture Organisation yeUnited Nations, makumi manomwe neshanu muzana eese cocoa bhinzi muna 71 dzakabva kuAfrica - uye gumi nematanhatu muzana kubva kuSouth America.
Mifananidzo yakateverwa nemapepanhau uye masangano asiri ehurumende akataura. Sangano reEuropean Cocoa Association, mubatanidzwa wevatengesi vakuru vecocoa vekuEurope, rakadaidza kuti kupomerwa kwenhema uye kuwedzeredza. Iyo indasitiri yakataura izvo indasitiri inowanzotaura mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro: mishumo haimiriri nzvimbo dzese dziri kukura. Sokunge izvo zvinochinja chero chinhu.
Ipapo vezvematongerwo enyika vakapindura. MuUnited States, mutemo wakarongwa kurwisa uranda hwevana uye kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwevana mukurima kwecocoa. Raizova bakatwa rakapinza mukurwisa vana varanda. Angadaro. Kukurudzira kwakawanda neindasitiri yecocoa nechokoreti kwakapidigura gwaro.
Fair trade chocolate - pasina basa revana
Chakanga chasara chaive chibvumirano chakapfava, chekuzvidira uye chisiri chepamutemo chinonzi Harkin-Engel Protocol. Yakasayirwa muna 2001 nevagadziri vechokoti veUnited States uye vamiririri veWorld Cocoa Foundation - nheyo inotsigirwa nemakambani makuru mumhizha. Vakasaina vakavimbisa kupedza maitiro akaipisisa ekushandiswa kwevana - zvakadai seuranda, kumanikidzwa kushanda uye basa rinokuvadza kune hutano, kuchengeteka kana tsika - muindasitiri yecocoa.
Zvakaitika: hapana chinhu. Nguva yekuverengera yakatanga. Nanhasi vana vanoshanda muindasitiri yechokoreti. Vakava chiratidzo chekutengeserana kusina kunaka kwekambani yecocoa. Muna 2010, chinyorwa cheDanish "The Dark Side Of Chocolate" chakaratidza kuti Harkin-Engel Protocol yakanga isingashande.
Ongororo yakaitwa muna 2015 neTulane University yakaratidza kuti huwandu hwevana vanoshanda muminda yecocoa hwakakwira zvakanyanya. Munzvimbo huru dzinokura dzeGhana neIvory Coast, vana vanenge mamiriyoni 2.26 vari pakati pemakore mashanu ne5 vanoshanda mukugadzirwa kwecocoa - kunyanya pasi pemamiriro ane ngozi.
Uye kazhinji kwete zvachose kutsigira mhuri dzavo: masangano ekodzero dzevanhu ave achinongedza kwemakore kuti vana vazhinji vanoshanda mukugadzira cocoa vangangove vakabatwa nekutengesa kwevanhu uye uranda.
Koko yakanaka: Muripo wakanaka panzvimbo pekushandiswa kwevana
Asi chokwadi chakaoma. Kutaura zvazviri, kuderedza kushandiswa kwevana muminda yecocoa kwaisazobatsira kugadzirisa dambudziko rechokoreti inotengeswa zvisina kunaka. Pane zvinopesana: zvinogona kutowedzera hurombo hwevaduku.
Izvi zvakaratidzwa muchidzidzo che2009 "Rima Side reChocolate" neSüdwind Research Institute. Munyori wavo, Friedel Hütz-Adams, anotsanangura chikonzero chacho: Pashure pokunge makambani akawanda ezvokudya anyevera vatengesi vawo kuti vasashandisa vana panguva yokukohwa, goho revarimi rakanga raderera. Makambani akaita seMars, Nestlé neFerrero akange adaidzira kuti kushandiswa kwevana kudziviswa mushure mekumanikidzwa pamusoro pemishumo yekuti vashandi vepasi vari kudzidziswa muminda.
Chigadzikiso chacho hachisati chiri bedzi mukurambidza kushandiswa kwavana, asi mukubhadhara kwakafanira kuvarimi vaduku, nyanzvi yezveupfumi inopfuurira, kuti: “Havaregi vana vavo vachishanda nokuda kwokunakidzwa, asi nemhaka yokuti vanotsamira pazviri.” Mamiriro ekutengeserana akanaka anodiwa. Mamiriro evarimi vecocoa nemhuri dzavo anogona kuvandudza kana mari yavo yakawedzera.
Kurimwa kwecocoa kunofanirwa kuve kwakakosha zvakare
Makambani makuru anogadzira cocoa haachakwanise kudzivirira kuzvipira kunovandudza mamiriro emari yevarimi vadiki vecocoa. Nemhaka yokuti kwakanga kune nzvero muGhana, maererano naizvozvo 20 muzana bedzi yevarimi vecocoa inoda kuti vana vavo vashande mubasa iri. Vazhinji vangada kuchinja kurima kwavo - semuenzaniso kuita rabha.
Uye mutengesi mukuru kunze kwenyika, Ivory Coast, ari kutyisidzirwawo nedambudziko. Mumatunhu akawanda imomo, nyaya yekodzero dzeminda haisati yajekeswa. Munzvimbo dzakawanda, vatungamiriri venzvimbo idzi, vanozivikanwa samadzishe, vakabvumira vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kuti vabvise uye kurima minda chero bedzi vachirima cocoa. Kana paine shanduko yekodzero dzepasi uye varimi vachigona kuzvisarudzira zvavanokura, panogona kuve nendege yakakura kubva kucocoa pano.
Chokoreti yakanaka inobatsira kurwisa urombo
Nekuti kurimwa kwecocoa hakukodzeri varimi vazhinji. Mutengo wecocoa wanga uri kure kure kubva pakakwirira-kwemakumi emakore. Muna 1980, varimi vecocoa vakagamuchira zviuru zvishanu zvemadhora ekuAmerica patani yecocoa, yakagadziridzwa kukwira kwemitengo, muna 5,000 yaingova chiuru nemazana maviri emadhora ekuAmerica. Zvichakadaro - muzhizha ra2000 - mutengo wecocoa wakakwira zvakare kusvika kumadhora zviuru zviviri nemazana zana emadhora, asi haisati yakwana. Fairtrade trade cocoa, kune rumwe rutivi, inobhadharwa zvirinani: kubva muna Gumiguru 1,200, 2020, iyo Fairtrade mutengo wakaderera wakakwira kusvika pamadhora mazana maviri nemazana mana emadhora patani.
Kazhinji, mitengo yakachinja zvikuru kwemakore. Chikonzero hachisi zvibereko zvakasiyana chete kubva pakukohwa kwecocoa, asiwo - dzimwe nguva shanduko - mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika munyika dzakabva. Mukuwedzera, kune migumisiro yekufungidzira kwemari uye kuchinja kwehuwandu hwekuchinja kwedhora, izvo zvinoita kuti mutengo uome kuverenga.
Mutengo wakaderera wekoko uri kushaisa varimi vazhinji: pasi rose, cocoa inorimwa pamapurazi anosvika mamirioni mana nehafu, uye mamirioni mazhinji avanhu anorarama nekurima nekutengesa. Nekudaro, zvakanyanya kuipa kupfuura kurudyi, uye izvo, kunyangwe muna 2019 yakawanda cocoa yakagadzirwa nematani anosvika 4.8 miriyoni kupfuura nakare kose. Kana varimi vachikwanisa kurarama kunyange zvishoma kudarika kare uye saka vachishandura chigadzirwa chekurima, iyo cocoa uye chokoreti indasitiri, iyo inokosha mabhiriyoni, ine dambudziko.
Fair trade chokoreti iri kufambira mberi
Masangano ekutengeserana akaverenga kuti mutengo wecocoa waizokwira zvakadii kuitira kuti varimi vavimbise mari yakanaka. Uyu ndiwo mutengo wepasi pasi unopihwa varimi muFairtrade system. Nenzira iyi unogona kuronga mari yako uine chokwadi. Kana mutengo wemusika wepasi rose ukakwira pamusoro peiyi nzira, mutengo unobhadharwa mukutengeserana kwakanaka unokwirawo.
MuGermany, zvisinei, chikamu cheshumba chezvigadzirwa zvechokoreti zvichiri kugadzirwa zvakajairika. Chokoreti yakagadzirwa kubva kune fair trade cocoa inoramba iri chigadzirwa, asi yakaita nhanho huru, kunyanya mumakore achangopfuura. Kutengeswa kweFairtrade cocoa kuGermany kwakawedzera zvakapetwa kagumi pakati pa2014 na2019, kubva pa7,500 matani kusvika pa79,000 matani. Chikonzero chikuru: Fairtrade International yakatanga chirongwa chayo checocoa muna 2014, iyo inosanganisira zviuru zvevarimi. Kusiyana neyechisimbiso cheFairtrade chisimbiso, chinotarisisa hachisi pane chitupa chechigadzirwa chekupedzisira, asi pane yakabikwa cocoa pachayo.
Faira cocoa muGermany
Kukurumidza kuwedzera kwekocoa kwakanaka kunoratidza kuti nyaya yacho yasvika kune vatengi venzvimbo nevagadziri. Sekureva kweTransfair, chikamu cheiyo fair trade cocoa chave kuita sere muzana. Ungave uchifunga kuti wakakwirira zvinoshamisa kana kuti wakaderera zvinosuruvarisa inhau yokuravira.
Izvo izvo maGerman achiri nekuravira kune chokoreti. Isu tinozvibata kune yakaenzana ne95 bars (maererano neFederation yeGerman Industries) pamunhu uye gore. Zvimwe tichafungawo nezvevarimi vecocoa nekutenga kwedu kunotevera tovabata nemutengo wakanaka. Hazvina kuoma: fair trade chocolate ikozvino inogona kuwanikwa mune yega discounter.
