Pehea e nānā ai i ka maikaʻi o ka waiū ma ka home?

ʻO ka waiū kahi huahana i loko o kēlā me kēia pahu hau, a hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o ka hoʻopau ʻia e kā mākou mau keiki, pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka mea e nānā ai i ke kūʻai ʻana.

ʻO ke ʻano waiu āu e makemake ai e kūʻai

ʻEhā ʻano nui o ka waiū: sterilized, pasteurized, ultra-pasteurized, a me ka baed.

• Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka waiū pasteurized ma ka hale hana ma kahi o (70-75) °C. Mālama ʻia nā mea maikaʻi o ka waiū, ʻoiai e luku ʻia nā bacteria ʻino. ʻO ka waiū pasteurized e ʻona i nā lā 5-10. Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai pono āpau a pono e mālama ʻia i loko o ka friji. He kūpono ia no ka ʻai ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā.
• Hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka waiū i kālua ʻia ma kahi mahana o (85-99) °C no kekahi mau hola. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka waiū pasteurized, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka momona (maʻamau 6%), a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka calcium, ka hao, a me ka huaʻa A, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi nā huaora C a me B1. ʻO 5-7 mau lā ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana i ka waiū bakena.
• Hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka waiū ultrapasteurized ma kahi mahana a hiki i 150 °C no kekahi mau kekona. Mahalo i kēlā mau hana ʻenehana, hoʻolōʻihi nā mea hana i ke ola o ka waiū ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o nā microflora haole e noho ana i loko. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka waiū ultra-pasteurized i loko o kahi pahu pani me ka ʻole o ka friji a hiki i 180 mau lā. Hiki ke lawe pū ʻia kēlā waiū me ʻoe ma nā huakaʻi, a me nā hikes a hoʻohana ʻia paha ma nā wahi āpau kahi hiki ʻole ke mālama i ka meaʻai i loko o ka friji.
• Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka waiū i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi loa, i loaʻa ma o ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe (130-140 °C). Hoʻopau ka hana ʻana i nā microflora ʻino a me nā bacteria i loko o ia waiū. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ʻaʻole hiki ke olakino ka waiū sterilized - no ka laʻana, ke hana ʻia nei ka waiū sterilized vitaminized, nona nā pono olakino.

ʻO ka waiū pasteurized wale nō ke mālama i kāna mau waiwai pono.

Pākēneka o ka momona

ʻO ka pākēneka o ka momona ka lua o ka mea nui loa no ke koho ʻana i ka waiū i loko o kahi hale kūʻai (ma hope o ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano o ka waiū). I kēia lā, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka waiū me nā mea momona like ʻole ma nā waihona hale kūʻai - mai 1% a 6%.

He aha ka mea e noʻonoʻo ai i ke koho ʻana i ka momona momona:

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pākēneka o ka momona, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā calorie i ka waiū (e like me ka 1% waiu he 42 calories, 2.6% waiu he 52 calories, a he 3.2% ka waiū he 60 calories). Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka calorie ma muli o ke ʻano o ka waiū. Inā ʻoe e ʻai ana a nānā i kāu kiʻi, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia wahi. Manaʻo ʻia ka waiū me ka liʻiliʻi o ka momona no ka poʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻoikaika kino, hoʻoikaika kino, a me nā haʻuki ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻoikaika kino.

ʻAʻole pili ka momona o ka waiū i ka protein. E like ka nui o ka protein i ka waiū me 1% momona a me 3.2% momona.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka calcium me ka huaʻa D, no laila, inā ʻai ʻoe i ka waiū skim, ʻaʻole hiki ke komo (pono ka huaʻai D i nā meaʻai momona e loaʻa i kēia huaora e komo).

Ka lā o ka hana ʻana a me ka lā pau

Inā ua hoʻoholo mua ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka waiū a me ka pākēneka o ka momona, ʻo ka mea aʻe āu e hoʻolohe ai ʻo ia ka lā o ka hana ʻana, ka lā pau, a me nā kūlana mālama. Inā hiki ʻole ke heluhelu ʻia ka lā o ka hana ʻana, mai kūʻai ʻoe i kēlā waiū ma lalo o nā kūlana.

Hoʻopaʻa paʻa

Hoʻopili ʻia kahi ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo like i ka hoʻopili: inā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ka pono o ka ʻeke (a i ʻole he kānalua), ʻaʻole pono e kūʻai i kēlā waiū. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻolako ʻia ka pūʻolo a i ʻole ka ʻōmole me kahi pāpale kūikawā a i ʻole lipine e hōʻoia i ka wehe ʻole ʻana o ka ipu ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana.

Eia kekahi mau ʻōlelo paipai no ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka waiū.

E hōʻike ka Iodine i ka starch

Hoʻohui nā mea hana hewa ʻole i ka starch i ka waiū e hāʻawi iā ia i ka pono pono. Hana ʻia kēia i ka hoʻoilo a me ka pūnāwai ke hāʻule ka hua o ka waiū a hana ʻia ka waiū mai ka waiū maloʻo i ʻohi ʻia i ke kauwela.

Akā i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai, lilo ia waiu i wai kūlohelohe, no laila koi ʻia ka mea hana e hoʻohui i ka starch e hūnā i ka waiū "reconstituted".

No ka ʻike ʻana i kahi huahana me ia mea hoʻohui, e hoʻoheheʻe i kekahi mau kulu o ka iodine i loko. Inā ʻoe e nānā ana i ka waiū maoli mai ka bipi, e melemele. A inā e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka waiū maloʻo me ka starch, e lilo ia i polū.

E hōʻike ʻia ka lāʻau antibiotic

Inā makemake ka mea hana e mālama i ka manawa a me ke kālā ma ka pasteurization, hoʻohui ʻo ia i nā lāʻau antibiotic i ka waiū e hoʻolōʻihi i kona ʻona. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā lāʻau antibiotic ke komo i loko o ka huahana mai ka waiū o nā bipi maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​bipi i hoʻopau i kā lākou mālama ʻana ma lalo o ʻumi mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana.

ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e nānā ai i nā lāʻau antibiotic ʻo ka waiho ʻana i ka waiū i ka ʻawaʻawa. No ka wikiwiki o kēia kaʻina hana, e hoʻohui i kahi teaspoon o ka kirīmi kawa i kahi aniani o ka waiū a waiho i kahi lumi wela o 22-24 C. Inā huli ka waiū ma hope o 3-4 mau hola, ʻo ia ka mea ʻaʻole i loko o nā lāʻau antibiotic.

Inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e hoʻohana i kā mākou meaʻai no ka curd wikiwiki me 10% calcium chloride, e hoʻolohe i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka waiū ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o kēia, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā antibiotic.

E ʻike ka waiʻona i ka wai

No ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā loaʻa ka wai i loko o ka pahu waiu i kūʻai ʻia a he aha ka hapa o ia mea (hoʻoheheʻe pinepine ʻia ka waiū e hoʻonui i kona nui), e hui i 50 g o ka waiū me 100 g o ka waiʻona i loko o ka hue, e lulu no 2-3 mau minuke, a ninini i ka wai. nā mea a pau i loko o ke pola. ʻO ka manawa ka lōʻihi o ka hana ʻana o nā flakes i ka waiū. Inā ʻike koke ʻia nā papa keʻokeʻo, a laila ʻaʻole i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka waiū me ka wai. Akā ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka huahana ma hope o ka hapalua hola e hōʻike ana aia ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka wai i loko o kēia waiū.

ʻO ka waiū kahi huahana o ka ʻai ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā, no laila ke koho ʻana i kahi hōʻailona, ​​​​pono ke noiʻi ʻana. E nīnau e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻoihana, kona kaulana, inā paha he kumu waiwai kona, he aha nā ʻano hana i hoʻohana ʻia, a me nā waiwai o ka ʻoihana hana. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka mea hope he hoʻopaʻapaʻa ikaika i ke koho ʻana i kāu hōʻailona ponoʻī.

Inā makemake ʻoe e kūʻai i ka waiū i hōʻoia ʻia i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe, paipai mākou e ʻike ʻoe i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka mea hana ma ka Pūnaewele. E noʻonoʻo i kēia mau mea:

• ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pūnaewele o ka mea hana (a i ʻole ka hui o nā hui e komo pū ana ka mea hana). Pono ʻoe e ʻae i kēia lā ua hōʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻoihana ponoʻī, a me kāna mau mea kūʻai aku ma ka Pūnaewele. A inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kekahi ʻike e pili ana i ka mea hana, pono ia e hopohopo.
• ʻO ka hōʻoia e like me nā kūlana honua o ka hoʻokele maikaʻi a me ka mana ISO 9000 a me HACCP (inā loaʻa i ka hui kahi pūnaewele, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kēia ʻike ma laila).