Bella Adams
Ubisi luwumkhiqizo otholakala kuzo zonke iziqandisi, futhi uma kubhekwa ukuthi lusetshenziswa kakhulu izingane zethu, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke lapho uluthenga.
Uhlobo lobisi ofuna ukuluthenga
Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zobisi: inzalo, i-pasteurized, i-ultra-pasteurized, kanye ne-baked.
- Ubisi olufakwe kwi-pasteurized lushiswa efektri ezingeni lokushisa elingaba ngu-(70-75) °C. Izingxenye ezizuzisayo zobisi ziyagcinwa, kuyilapho amagciwane ayingozi ebhujiswa. Ubisi lwe-pasteurized luba muncu ezinsukwini ezingu-5-10. Iqukethe zonke izakhiwo ezizuzisayo futhi kufanele igcinwe esiqandisini. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
- Ubisi olubhakiwe lushiswa ezingeni lokushisa (85-99) °C amahora ambalwa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nobisi olungenayo i-pasteurized, inephesenti eliphezulu lamafutha (ngokuvamile angu-6%), kanye ne-calcium eningi, i-iron, ne-vitamin A, kuyilapho iqukethe amavithamini C no-B1 ambalwa. Ukuphila kweshelufu yobisi olubhakiwe yizinsuku ezingu-5-7.
- Ubisi lwe-Ultrapasteurized lushiswa ekushiseni okufika ku-150 °C imizuzwana embalwa. Ngenxa yokusebenza okunjalo kwezobuchwepheshe, abakhiqizi bandisa impilo yeshalofu yobisi ngenxa yokuthi i-microflora yangaphandle encane kakhulu ehlala kuyo. Ubisi lwe-Ultra-pasteurized lungagcinwa esitsheni esivaliwe ngaphandle kwesiqandisi kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-180. Ubisi olunjalo lungathathwa nawe ohambweni, futhi luhambe ngezinyawo noma lusetshenziswe kunoma iyiphi indawo lapho kungenakwenzeka khona ukugcina ukudla esiqandisini.
- Ubisi olufakwe inzalo lungagcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, olutholakala ngokucubungula izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (130-140 °C). Ukucubungula kubhubhisa yonke i-microflora eyingozi namagciwane obisi olunjalo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi ubisi oluyinzalo ngeke lube nempilo - isibonelo, ubisi olufakwe ivithamini manje selukhiqizwa, olunezinzuzo zezempilo.
Ubisi lwe-pasteurized kuphela olugcina izakhiwo zalo ezizuzisayo.
Iphesenti lamafutha
Iphesenti lamafutha liwumgomo wesibili obaluleke kakhulu wokukhetha ubisi esitolo (emva kokukhetha uhlobo lobisi). Namuhla, ungathola ubisi olunamafutha ahlukene emashalofini esitolo - kusuka ku-1% kuya ku-6%.
Yini okufanele uyicabangele lapho ukhetha okuqukethwe kwamafutha obisi:
Ukuphakama kwephesenti lamafutha, ama-calories amaningi obisini (isibonelo, ubisi olu-1% lunama-calories angu-42, u-2.6% wobisi unama-calories angu-52, kanti u-3.2% ubisi unama-calories angu-60). Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kungase kwehluke kuye ngohlobo lobisi. Uma udla futhi ubuka isibalo sakho, leli phuzu kufanele licatshangelwe. Ubisi olunamafutha amancane luyanconywa kubantu ababambe iqhaza kwezokuqina, ukwakha umzimba, neminye imidlalo ebandakanya ukuvivinya umzimba okukhulu.
Okuqukethwe kwamafutha obisi akuthinti okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni. Inani lamaprotheni lizofana nobisi olunamafutha angu-1% kanye namafutha angu-3.2%.
I-calcium imuncwa ihlanganiswe novithamini D, ngakho-ke uma udla ubisi lwe-skim, ingase ingamuncwa (uvithamini D udinga ukudla okunamafutha okunothe ngale vithamini ukuze kungene).
Usuku lokukhiqiza kanye nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi
Uma usunqumile kakade ngohlobo lobisi kanye nephesenti lamafutha, into elandelayo okufanele uyinake usuku lokukhiqiza, usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, nezimo zokugcina. Uma usuku lokukhiqiza lungafundeki, ungaluthengi ubisi olunjalo ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo.
Ubuqotho bokupakisha
Isincomo esifanayo sisebenza emaphaketheni: uma ubuqotho bokupakishwa buphazamiseka (noma kusolisa), akunconywa neze ukuthenga ubisi olunjalo. Kutuswa ukuthi iphakethe noma ibhodlela lifakwe isivalo esikhethekile noma itheyiphu eqinisekisa ukuthi isiqukathi asivulwa ngaphambi kokuthenga.
Nazi ezinye izincomo zendlela yokuhlola ikhwalithi yobisi:
Iodine izokhombisa isitashi
Abakhiqizi abangathembekile bangeza isitashi obisini ukuze banikeze ukuminyana okudingekayo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ebusika nasentwasahlobo lapho ubisi luthela ubisi futhi lukhiqizwa ubisi olomile oluvunwa ehlobo.
Kodwa uma buhlanjululwe, ubisi olunjalo luba uketshezi okungekho ngokwemvelo, ngakho umenzi uphoqeleka ukuthi engeze isitashi ukuze afihle ubisi "oluvuselelwe".
Ukuze uthole umkhiqizo onesengezo esinjalo, phonsa amaconsi ambalwa e-iodine kuwo. Uma ubheka ubisi lwemvelo olusha enkomeni, luzoshintsha lube phuzi. Futhi uma luhlanjululwe ubisi olomile ngestashi, luzoshintsha lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukhilimu omuncu uzoveza i-antibiotic
Uma umkhiqizi efuna ukonga isikhathi nemali ku-pasteurization, wengeza ama-antibiotic obisini ukuze abambezele ukumuncu kwalo. Futhi, ama-antibiotics angangena emkhiqizweni kusukela obisini lwezinkomo ezigulayo noma izinkomo eziqede ukwelashwa kwazo ngaphansi kwezinsuku eziyishumi ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhiqiza.
Indlela elula yokuhlola ama-antibiotics ukushiya ubisi lube muncu. Ukwenza le nqubo isheshe, engeza isipuni sikakhilimu omuncu engilazini yobisi bese uyishiya ekamelweni lokushisa lika-22-24 C. Uma ubisi buphenduka omuncu ngemva kwamahora angu-3-4, kusho ukuthi aluqukethe ama-antibiotics.
Uma unquma ukusebenzisa iresiphi yethu ye-curd esheshayo nge-10% ye-calcium chloride, qaphela ukuthi ubisi luqala ngokushesha kangakanani ukugoba ngemva kokwengeza umuthi wasekhemisi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha, mancane amathuba okuthi kuqukethe ama-antibiotic.
Utshwala buzowabona amanzi
Ukunquma ukuthi iphakethe lobisi oluthengiwe liqukethe amanzi nokuthi yimaphi amaphesenti alo (ubisi luvame ukuhlanjululwa ukuze lwandise umthamo walo), hlanganisa i-50 g yobisi ne-100 g yotshwala ebhodleleni, uyinyakazise imizuzu engu-2-3, bese uthele inhlama. konke okuqukethwe endishini. Isikhathi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ama-flakes akheke obisini. Uma izingqimba ezimhlophe zibonakala ngokushesha, khona-ke ubisi aluzange luhlanjululwe ngamanzi. Kodwa ukuqina komkhiqizo ngemva kwesigamu sehora kubonisa ukuthi kukhona cishe ingxenye yamanzi kulolu bisi.
Ubisi luwumkhiqizo wokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, ngakho-ke lapho ukhetha umkhiqizo othile, kufanelekile ukuwucwaninga. Buza ngomlando wenkampani, isithunzi sayo, ukuthi inesisekelo sayo sezinto ezingavuthiwe, yiziphi izindlela zokukhiqiza ezisetshenziswayo, kanye namanani enkampani ekhiqizayo. Eqinisweni, lokhu kokugcina kuyimpikiswano eqinile evuna ukukhetha umkhiqizo wakho.
Uma ufuna ukuthenga ubisi lwekhwalithi ephezulu eqinisekisiwe, sincoma ukuthi uthole ulwazi mayelana nomkhiqizi ku-inthanethi. Naka amaphuzu alandelayo:
- Ukuba khona kwewebhusayithi yomkhiqizi (noma iqembu lezinkampani ezibandakanya umenzi). Kumele uvume ukuthi namuhla yonke inkampani ezihloniphayo, kanye nabathengi bayo, imelwe ku-inthanethi. Futhi uma ungakwazi ukuthola noma yiluphi ulwazi mayelana nomkhiqizi, kufanele okungenani kuthuse.
- Ukunikezwa isitifiketi ngokwamazinga omhlaba okulawulwa kwekhwalithi i-ISO 9000 ne-HACCP (uma inkampani inewebhusayithi, ungathola kalula lolu lwazi lapho).
