Upelepele: Inkosi Yezinongo

Ukugcoba ngopelepele kwakuyilungelo lesigaba esiphezulu, kodwa namuhla izinongo zingatholakala cishe kuwo wonke amatafula okudlela. I-Pepper ibhekwa njengesitshalo somuthi wendabuko emazweni amaningi futhi isetshenziselwa zonke izinhlobo zezifo.

Upelepele – isithelo sesihlahla sikapelepele

Upelepele, kanye nosawoti, uyingxenye ebalulekile yawo wonke amakhabethe wezinongo. Izinhlamvu ezinephunga elimnandi ziyizithelo zesihlahla sikapelepele esivela emndenini kapelepele. Isihlahla sikapelepele isitshalo esikhuphukayo esikhula sibe ngamamitha ayi-10 ukuphakama. Isihlahla sikapelepele (Piper nigrum) akufanele sididaniswe nesihlahla sikapelepele (Schinus), okungesomunye umndeni wezitshalo - umndeni we-sumac. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokwesibonelo, izihlahla zikapelepele zasePeruvia naseBrazil, ezinikeza upelepele obomvana izingxube zikapelepele omibalabala. Isihlahla sikapelepele sasePeru ikakhulukazi isihlahla esihle esinamagatsha alengayo afana ne-weeping willow.

Lapho upelepele umila khona

Njengoba kwaziwa, uma uthumela umuntu “lapho kumila khona upelepele”, ufisa ukuthi lowo muntu abe kude futhi ungathanda ukungaphinde ambone. Le ndawo ekude ekuqaleni yayiyiNdiya, lapho izinhlamvana ezibabayo zasakazekela nakwamanye amazwe. Amazwe akhula kakhulu namuhla ahlanganisa iVietnam, i-Indonesia, i-India, iBrazil neMalaysia.

Wafika kanje upelepele eYurophu

Emakhulwini eminyaka, ama-granules acijile athuthwa emhlabeni wonke ayiswa eYurophu ngeMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ekuqaleni, kuphela isigaba esiphezulu esinezithende esikwazi ukujabulela izinongo. Lokhu kwabangela igama elithi “isaka likapelepele” ezakhamuzini ezicebile ezazikwazi ukuthenga izinongo ezibizayo.

Ngisho nangemva kokuvulwa komzila wasolwandle oya eNdiya, amanani alezi zinongo ezifiselekayo awazange ehle. Kwaba yilapho kuphela iVietnam, i-Indonesia, neMalaysia iqala ukutshala upelepele nezindawo ezilinywayo zaba zinkulu kakhulu lapho amanani kapelepele ehla khona.

Izinhlobo ze-pepper

Upelepele utholakala ngezinhlobo ezine: omnyama, oluhlaza okotshani, obomvu nomhlophe. Izinhlobonhlobo zonke zingezakwaPiper nigrum, okuthiwa “upelepele wangempela”. Ngakho lezi akuzona izitshalo ezihlukene, izigaba ezihlukene zokuvuthwa noma izindlela ezihlukene zokucubungula. Ukunambitheka kuhlukile ngokufanayo.

Upelepele oluhlaza unambitheka kancane, upelepele omhlophe ushisa kakhulu. Izithelo ziluhlaza uma zingakavuthwa futhi zibomvu uma sezivuthiwe. Ama-peppercorns abe mnyama noma amhlophe kuphela ngezinyathelo zokucubungula ezengeziwe.

• Upelepele oluhlaza: Ngokuhlukahluka okuluhlaza, izithelo ezingavuthiwe, eziluhlaza ziyavunwa. Izinhlamvu zibe seziqandiswa noma zifakwe emanzini anosawoti - kuye ngokuthi zithengiswa zomisiwe noma zifakwe emanzini. Wonke amabele kapelepele aluhlaza z. B. esetshenziswa ku-pepper sauce.
• Upelepele omnyama: Upelepele omnyama nawo uvunwa ungakavuthwa uma izithelo ziseluhlaza. Izinhlamvu zithola umbala wazo kanye nesikhumba esishwabene kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokomiswa noma ukuvutshelwa. Okuhlukile okumnyama kunambitheka ngokushisa kakhulu ne-tart kunaleyo eluhlaza. Isetshenziswa iphelele noma iphansi futhi ingathuthukisa cishe noma yisiphi isidlo.
• Upelepele obomvu: Ngezinhlamvu ezibomvu, izithelo zivunwa lapho sezivuthiwe. Ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokuvuthwa, uhlobo olubomvu lunambitheka kakhulu futhi lunezithelo kunopelepele oluhlaza nomnyama futhi lunonothi omnandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhluka kukapelepele kubiza kakhulu ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokuvuthwa. Yomiswa, ngokuvamile isetshenziswa iphelele futhi icwengisisiwe isib. B. Uphudingi. Upelepele obomvu akufanele udideke nopelepele obomvana, ngezinye izikhathi owengezwa ezixubeni zikapelepele.
• Upelepele omhlophe: Izithelo ezibomvu ezivuthiwe nazo zivunwa kulokhu okuhlukile. Ukusuka lapho, i-pulp ibe isincibilika ngokucwiliswa emanzini izinsuku ezimbalwa, ukuze kuhlale imbewu emhlophe kuphela ngaphakathi. Lezi bese zomiswa. Izinhlobonhlobo ezimhlophe zinambitheka kakhudlwana kunopelepele omnyama, oluhlaza okotshani, nobomvu kodwa zinezithelo ezincane. Idumile e-Thai nase-Chinese cuisine. I-pepper emhlophe kufanele ifakwe kuphela ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokupheka, ngaphandle kwalokho, ingahlakulela ama-aromas angathandeki.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunabanye abaningi abamele upelepele wangempela otshalwe ezindaweni ezihlukene zomhlaba ngokweziqondiso ezithile futhi umsuka wabo ubhekwa njengophawu lwekhwalithi. Isibonelo, upelepele we-Kampot ovela esifundazweni sase-Kampot e-Cambodia noma upelepele we-Tellicherry ovela esifundazweni sase-India sase-Thalassery.

Izinongo ezifanayo

Ezinye izinongo eziningi zinopelepele emagameni azo:

Upelepele omude

I-Piper longum, eyaziwa nangokuthi upelepele omude noma i-pole pepper, iwuhlobo lokuqala lukapelepele wangempela - zombili zingamalungu omndeni owodwa kodwa hhayi uhlobo lwezitshalo ezifanayo. Nokho, namuhla, uLange P. useye washabalala. Yathola igama layo ngoba infructescence yayo ikhula njengekhoni. Ukuze zisetshenziswe ekhishini, lezi “zigaxa” zichotshozwa odakeni noma ziphekwe ngokuphelele futhi zisuswe ngaphambi kokuphakelwa. I-Long P. inambitheka inephunga elimnandi futhi imnandi.

Upelepele opinki

Lawa majikijolo aphinki avame ukutholakala ezixubeni zikapelepele ngezizathu ezibonwayo futhi angadideka kalula nopelepele obomvu. Kodwa-ke, zivela ezihlahleni zikapelepele waseBrazil nasePeruvia, okungezona ezomndeni kapelepele kodwa emndenini we-sumac (Anacardiaceae). Ama-granules aphinki anambitheka kancane, amnandi, futhi anezithelo.

Upelepele wentaba yaseTasmania

Upelepele wasezintabeni waseTasmania (Tasmannia lanceolata) wasesiqhingini saseTasmania (eningizimu ye-Australia) ufana nopelepele wangempela ngokwendlela yokunambitheka kodwa ungowomndeni wakwaWinteraceae. Upelepele wasentabeni waseTasmania unambitheka kamnandi futhi ubhekwa njengento enhle kakhulu ngoba isivuno sawo silinganiselwe.

Upelepele weSichuan

Upelepele we-Szechuan (i-Zanthoxylum piperitum), owaziwa nangokuthi upelepele kalamula noma upelepele waseShayina, uvela esifundazweni saseShayina i-Szechuan futhi ungowomndeni wama-rue - ngakho-ke akuhlangene ne-P. yangempela. Upelepele we-Szechuan unambitheka ulamula futhi uthambile kancane kuno-P omnyama. Uyingxenye yempushana yezinongo ezinhlanu zase-Asia kanye nenkanyezi ye-anise, i-fennel, isinamoni, ne-clove.

upelepele we-cayenne

Upelepele weCayenne akulona uhlobo lukapelepele, kodwa uyimpushana eyenziwe ngopelepele omisiwe wohlobo lwe "Cayenne". Impushana inambitheka kushisa futhi ibonakala ngephunga lentuthu elincane. I-Cayenne pepper ivela eNingizimu Melika.

I-Cubeb pepper

I-Cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba), ebizwa nangokuthi upelepele waseNdiya, ungowomndeni kapelepele njengoP. (Piper nigrum wangempela). Ngokunambitheka kwayo okushisayo, okusha, okufana ne-menthol, iyingxenye ebalulekile yenhlanganisela yezinongo ze-Maghreb's Ras-el-Hanout. Emakhishini aseYurophu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayaziwa. Ngo-2016, upelepele we-cubeb waqanjwa njengesitshalo sokwelapha sonyaka ngenxa yemiphumela yaso elwa nokuvuvukala, i-expectorant, kanye ne-concentration-enhancing. Le miphumela kuthiwa ibonakala ngisho nalapho uhlafuna izinhlamvu ezintathu ngosuku.

Isizini nge-pepper bese upheka

Kanye nosawoti, pepper iyisinongo esiphezulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni wonke - okusanhlamvu kusetshenziswe emhlabeni wonke futhi ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa izitsha ezinomsoco nanoma yikuphi lapho ukudla kudinga khona ukunambitheka kancane. Kodwa futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukucwenga ama-dessert. Izinhlobonhlobo ezibomvu zifaneleka kakhulu kulokhu kubonga inothi layo elimnandi.

Engeza kuphela ngemva kokupheka

I-Ground pepper ilungele isinongo ngaphambi nje kokuphela kwesikhathi sokupheka noma ngqo etafuleni. Kungcono ukuthenga ama-peppercorns futhi uwagaye amasha ngoba amafutha abalulekile athuthukisa iphunga lawo eligcwele ngesikhathi sokugaya. Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uthenga inguqulo yomhlabathi, amafutha amaningi abalulekile asevele ehwamukile.

Ama-peppercorns aphelele alungele izitsha ezidinga ukupheka isikhathi eside. Amakha agcinwa kakhulu kuwo ukuze izinhlamvu zisakhipha ukunambitheka ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi eside sokupheka. Ama-peppercorns athosiwe epanini phezu kokushisa okuphansi anothe kakhulu ngokunambitheka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akufanele zithoswe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, njengoba zibaba ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, engeza kuphela ama-granules ngemuva kokuthosa.

Igaywa kanje

Yiqiniso, indlela elula iwukugaya izinhlamvu ezishisayo egayweni likapelepele. Uma ungenayo umshini wokugaya upelepele, ungasebenzisa udaka noma ipini yokugoqa endala. Uma ufuna ukugaya ama-granules abukhali kakhulu, ungafinyelela imiphumela engcono kakhulu ku-blender yokusebenza okuphezulu.

Ngale ndlela unganciphisa i-pepper

Uma ngephutha ufaka upelepele omningi esitsheni, unganciphisa ukunambitheka ngokhilimu omncane, iyogathi, noma amanzi. Amazambane nawo anciphisa ukunambitheka kwe-peppery okuvamile, kodwa-ke, awahambisani kahle nazo zonke izitsha.

Ukuqina

Izinongo ngokuvamile kufanele zigcinwe zomile, zingangeni moya, futhi zivikelwe ekukhanyeni. Kungcono ukugcina upelepele embizeni yengilazi evalekayo ogcina ungafinyeleleki kuyo ekhabetheni lasekhishini noma ekhabetheni lezinongo. Ama-peppercorns aphelele angagcinwa iminyaka eminingana. Ungafriza upelepele oluhlaza esikhwameni esiqandisi – uzogcinwa isikhathi esingangonyaka.

Upelepele ophansi uzwela kakhulu ngoba amafutha abalulekile awasazungezwe igobolondo elivikelayo. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, impushana kanye nephunga a. Izinongo ezingaphansi komhlaba nazo zingenwa kalula umswakama, njengoba zihlangana nomoya onomswakama ngokushesha phakathi nezinongo, isb. B. iphakama emabhodweni noma ku-hot plate.

Ama-peppercorns aqoshiwe azohlala isikhathi esingangonyaka uma engavuliwe. Isikhathi esiningi, baqashelwa ukuthi bawasebenzise phakathi nesonto uma esevuliwe. Uma ama-peppercorns embozwe uketshezi olwanele, kufanele agcine isikhathi eside (kunjalo efrijini). Ngaphambi kokuthi uzisebenzise futhi, hlola ukuthi zisanuka kahle yini futhi zibukeka zikhanga.

Isitshalo somuthi wesintu

Cishe akekho umuntu eYurophu owaziyo ukuthi upelepele unezakhiwo eziningi zezempilo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, e-Asia, izinongo zingesinye sezitshalo zokwelapha zendabuko. E-India naseShayina, ikakhulukazi, ukusetshenziswa okuningi kokwelapha kwe-black P. kuyaziwa. Isibonelo, okusanhlamvu kuyagaywa bese kwenziwa amaphilisi noma unamathisele kuhlanganiswe nezinye izitshalo noma kuphuzwe njengetiye.

Ngokuvamile, izinkinga zokuya esikhathini ezifana nokusinda kakhulu, ubuthakathaka kakhulu, ukungavamile kakhulu, noma ukungabi khona kwegazi lokuya esikhathini ziphathwa ngopelepele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sinongo sisetshenziselwa ukukhwehlela, umphimbo obuhlungu, izifo ze-sinus, imfiva, izindlebe, ngisho nokulunywa yinyoka. Itiye elinopelepele liphinde liphuzwe ngenxa yesifo samathambo, isiyezi, imfiva, imigraines, nokungagayeki kahle kokudla.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, imiphumela eminingi yezinhlamvu ezibukhali nayo iqinisekiswe izifundo zesayensi. Nansi indlela i-spice esebenza ngayo, phakathi kwezinye izinto:

• i-antimicrobial
• antioxidant
• i-antidiabetes
• ukufisa
• anti-inflammatory
• i-antiticancer
• antispasmodic
• i-neuroprotective (ivikela amaseli wezinzwa)
• i-analgesic
• ukugaya ukudla

Ngezinkinga zokugaya ukudla

Upelepele ugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwejusi yamathe nesisu futhi ngaleyo ndlela usekele ukugaya. Izinhlamvu ezinuka kamnandi zingasiza futhi ezinkingeni zokugaya ukudla ezifana ne-flatulence, ubuhlungu besisu, nesifo sohudo.

Kubantu abazwelayo, izinto ezihlabayo zingase zicasule ulwelwesi lwamafinyila esiswini nasemathunjini. Ngakho-ke uma uvamise ukuba nesisu esibucayi, akufanele usebenzise ama-peppercorns ukuze ungagayeki kahle.

Indlela yokufaka isicelo: Gaya ithisipuni likapelepele omnyama odakeni, ulibeke enkomishini, bese uthela u-150 ml wamanzi ashisayo phezu kwalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungakwazi ukwengeza amaqabunga ama-peppermint amasha angu-4 kuya kwangu-5. Ngale ndlela itiye linambitheka kangcono futhi uyazuza nakumphumela odambisa izinhlungu we-peppermint.

Ngemikhuhlane

Njengoba ama-granules amnyama anomphumela we-antibacterial nokufudumala, afaneleka njengamakhambi asekhaya emakhazeni.

Isicelo: Gaya ithisipuni likapelepele omnyama odakeni, ubeke enkomishini ngezingcezu ezimbalwa zejinja entsha kanye nempande entsha ye-turmeric, bese uthela ku-150 ml wamanzi ashisayo. Vumela itiye liphole futhi ujabulele. Ungaphuza itiye elibandayo izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.

Ngomphimbo obuhlungu

Ngenxa yomphumela wayo wokulwa nokuvuvukala, upelepele uyikhambi elikahle futhi elisebenziseka kalula emphinjeni obuhlungu.

Isicelo: Hlafuna ama-peppercorns amathathu amnyama emlonyeni wakho ukuze ukhulule izithako ezisebenzayo. Bese uyigwinya bese uyiphinda izikhathi eziningana ngosuku uma kunesidingo.

Izithako: I-Piperine ne-Co

Esinye sezithako ezibaluleke kakhulu ku-P. emnyama yi-piperine, into evela eqenjini lama-alkaloid. I-Piperine inesibopho sokunambitheka okubabayo kanye nezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo ezihlobene nopelepele.

Isibonelo, njenge-antioxidant, i-piperine ivikela emonakalweni obangelwa ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative ngokuvimbela ukwakheka kwama-radicals mahhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-piperine ibonise izakhiwo eziqinile zokulwa nokuvuvukala. Ocwaningweni lwamagundane, into yehlise izimpawu ezihlukene zokuvuvukala njenge-tumor necrosis factor, i-prostaglandin-2, ne-interleukin-10. Lezi zindinganiso zenyuka ezifweni eziningi ezingapheli ezivuthayo, isib. B. ezifweni ze-rheumatic, izifo ezingapheli ezivuthayo, kanye ne-psoriasis.

Ama-peppercorns amnyama namhlophe aqukethe i-piperine kakhulu - kufika ku-7.4%. Ku-P. eluhlaza okotshani, amazinga e-piperine afika ku-5.6% akalwa, futhi kumazinga abomvu P. afika ku-4.3%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isinongo siqukethe ezinye izinto eziningi, isib. B. ipayipi, i-piperazine, i-flavonoid (i-quercetin, i- kaempferol, i-rhamnetin), i-phenols, ama-amines, kanye naphakathi kuka-1 no-3% uwoyela obalulekile.

Lo pepper unempilo kakhulu

Imiphumela yezempilo yohlobo olumnyama yiyona efundwe kakhulu ngenxa yokusabalala kwayo kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamapayipi. Ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengenhlobo enempilo kakhulu kapelepele. Izinhlobonhlobo eziluhlaza, ezibomvu nezimhlophe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziye zacwaningwa kancane kakhulu, ngakho kusenzima ukuhlola amandla azo ezempilo.

Abacwaningi basola ukuthi i-black P. ingasetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo ezifweni ezivuvukalayo njengezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomdlavuza, izifo zamathumbu, nezifo zesikhumba. Nokho, izifundo zabantu ziseyivelakancane. Kodwa-ke, i-pepper emnyama isivele isetshenziselwa izithako zokudla namuhla, njengoba i-piperine yaziwa ngokukhulisa i-bioavailability yezinye izinto. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ezinye izinto zimuncwa kangcono ngumzimba.

I-Piperine inyusa i-bioavailability

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-piperine yandisa i-bioavailability ye-curcumin, i-quercetin, i-beta-carotene, i-selenium, ne-resveratrol kanye namavithamini A, B6, no-C. I-Piperine yandisa ukumuncwa kwalezi zinto, isibonelo ngokukhuthaza ukugeleza kwegazi emgudwini wokugaya ukudla. kanye nokwandisa ukungena kwe-mucosa yamathumbu.

I-Piperine ne-curcumin

Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kumagazini i-Planta Medica lubonise ukuthi ukuthatha i-piperine ne-curcumin ndawonye kwandisa i-curcumin bioavailability ngo-2000%. Izifundo zazidle u-20 mg we-piperine no-2 g we-curcumin. Lokhu kwandisa ukugcwala kwe-curcumin ku-serum yegazi kusuka ku-0.006 (ngaphandle kwe-piperine) kuya ku-0.18 µg nge-ml (nge-piperine). Lo mphumela wenzeka phakathi kwezingxenye ezintathu kwezine zehora ngemva kokungenisa - kodwa ngemva kwehora ukugxila kwe-curcumin kwehle futhi.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukukhishwa kwepelepele kuvame ukungezwa kuma-supplements e-curcumin. Upelepele omnyama uyingxenye ebalulekile yobisi lwegolide olusetshenziswa emithini ye-Ayurvedic. Ubisi lwegolide luqukethe u. I-Turmeric ne-ginger futhi kuthiwa inomphumela omuhle kakhulu empilweni.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ye-piperine

I-Piperine iyi-alkaloid futhi njengama-alkaloid amaningi (futhi njengezinto eziningi ngendlela) inobuthi ngobuningi. Umthamo obulalayo, uma uthathwa ngomlomo, ungama-330 mg ngekhilogremu yesisindo somzimba kumagundane kanye ne-514 mg ngekhilogremu yesisindo somzimba kumagundane. Imithamo efika ku-100 mg ngekhilogremu yesisindo somzimba ibhekwa njengengenabungozi. Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uthatha isengezo sokudla esiqukethe i-piperine ukwandisa i-bioavailability, khona-ke lokho kungu-10 kuya ku-30 ​​mg (hhayi ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesisindo somzimba, kodwa isiyonke) futhi ngaleyo ndlela ingxenye yenani eliphezulu elibhekwa njengelingenabungozi.

I-Piperine kanye ne-Leaky Gut Syndrome

Uma wazi nge-Leaky Gut Syndrome (LGS), khona-ke mhlawumbe izinsimbi ze-alamu ziye zakhala lapho ufunda esigabeni esingaphambili ukuthi i-piperine ingakhuphula ukungena kwe-mucosa yamathumbu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-LGS ichaza i-mucosa yamathumbu engakwazi ukungena ngokweqile - futhi i-mucosa yamathumbu emathunjini angakwazi ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi i-allergies kanye nezifo ezizimele. Kodwa-ke, uma into efana ne-piperine yenza i-mucosa yamathumbu ikwazi ukungena kancane isikhathi esifushane, khona-ke lokhu akunakulinganiswa ne-mucosa yamathumbu ehlala unomphela kanye ne-pathologically.

Kukhona ngisho nezifundo zokuqala zezilwane ezibonisa ukuthi i-piperine ayilimazi ulwelwesi lwamathumbu kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, ingasiza ngesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo kanye nomdlavuza wekoloni. I-Piperine ingaba z. B. ukunciphisa izimpawu ze-ulcerative colitis (uhudo, indle enegazi), izimpawu eziphansi zokuvuvukala, futhi kube nomthelela wokulwa nomdlavuza emigqeni yamaseli omdlavuza wamathumbu kuyilapho kungalimazi amaseli anempilo. Konke lokhu okubhekwayo bekungeke kwenzeke uma i-piperine ibangele ulwelwesi lwamathumbu olulimele futhi olugulayo.

I-Pepper yokungabekezelelani kwe-histamine

I-Piperine ingenza amathumbu angene kakhulu ku-histamine ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukumunca kangcono. Lokhu kufanele kugwenywe esimweni sokungabekezelelani kwe-histamine, yingakho upelepele evame ukudumazeka esimweni sokungabekezelelani kwe-histamine. Ungazama ukuthi ingabe uyawabekezelela amanani amancane kanye nokuthi ungathanda yini okuluhlaza okotshani, obomvu noma omhlophe kangcono kunomnyama - lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kokuqukethwe kwe-piperine.

Ukungezwani nopelepele

Ukungezwani nopelepele akuvamile. Abantu abangezwani nempova ye-Mugwort ngezikhathi ezithile bahlushwa ukungezwani komzimba nezicucu ezihlabayo. Ukungezwani nopelepele kunezimpawu ezifanayo nezinye izinto ezingezwani nokudla, isib. B. Ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqubuka, ukulunywa, ikhala eligelezayo, njll.

Izingane kanye nezingane

Njengoba ukunambitheka kwezingane nezingane kuzwela kakhulu kunentsha kanye nabantu abadala, kuvame ukutuswa ukuthi izinongo eziqinile ezifana nopelepele nopelepele kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela kusukela eminyakeni emibili ubudala. Phela abancane sebeqala ukwazi ukuthi ukudla kumnandi kanjani. Yethula izingane zakho ngezinongo igxathu negxathu kamuva.

Thenga pepper - kufanele unake lokhu

Upelepele omnyama nomhlophe ungathengwa uphelele noma ugayiwe. Izinhlobo ezibomvu neziluhlaza, ngakolunye uhlangothi, azitholakali phansi. Izinhlobonhlobo eziluhlaza nazo zinikezwa zifakwe emanzini anosawoti noma zisha ezihlahleni. Ungathola upelepele oluhlaza kwezinye izitolo zase-Asia - zonke ezinye izinongo zitholakala ezitolo ezinkulu noma ezitolo zezinongo.

Izici zekhwalithi

Ama-Peppercorns kufanele acebile ngombala futhi angafihli ngokubukeka. Lapho zigaywe, kufanele zikhiphe iphunga elimnandi likapelepele, kodwa zinganuki noma zinuke ngisho njengesibaya sezinkomo, njengoba kwenzeka ngopelepele omhlophe ophansi.

Noma ubani onqume ngomkhiqizo futhi ofuna ukwazi ukuthi bekuyisinqumo esifanele angenza izivivinyo ezimbili ekhaya: Faka ama-peppercorns ambalwa emanzini. Uma okusanhlamvu kuntanta phezulu, zome ngokuphelele futhi aqukethe cishe awekho amafutha abalulekile. Noma hlikihla izinhlamvu ezimbalwa ephepheni.

Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlola ikhwalithi yama-granules angaphansi, njengoba iphunga elimnandi kancane ngendlela eyodwa noma enye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukunquma ukuthi ingaba nama-ejenti ombala noma izigcwalisi.

Thenga ngekhwalithi yemvelo

Ukufuthwa kwezinongo nge-ethylene oxide nama-ejenti aqukethe i-bromide ukuze azigcine sekuvinjelwe e-EU ngenxa yezizathu zempilo nokuvikela imvelo. Esikhundleni salokho, izinongo zikhanyiswa nge-radioactivity. Ngokwe-Bavarian State Office for Health and Food Safety, ukushiswa kwezinongo akubangeli zingozi zempilo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuye kwafunwa nangezinye izithasiselo zokudla eziye zaboniswa kamuva ukuthi ziyingozi (isb. i-titanium dioxide). Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukugwema upelepele ofakwe imisebe okwamanje futhi ube sohlangothini oluphephile, ungathembela ezinongo zemvelo - lezi akumele zifakwe imisebe.

Naphezu kokuvinjelwa kwe-EU, izinongo ezivela phesheya (ikakhulukazi ezivela eNdiya) zisaphathwa nge-ethylene oxide futhi ngaleyo ndlela zifinyelele ezitolo ezinkulu zaseYurophu. Izinongo eziphathwe nge-ethylene oxide (kuhlanganise nopelepele) ziye zatholakala kaningi eminyakeni yamuva. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa imikhiqizo ephilayo, njengoba lokhu kungangcoliswa uma kugcinwe eduze nezinongo ezifuthiwe. Ngenxa yale nkinga, ukulawulwa kwezinongo zakwamanye amazwe kuqinisiwe.

Ngokusho kwe-Federal Institute for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, ngo-2017 u-7.5% wamasampuli kapelepele ojwayelekile weqe izinga eliphezulu lezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane. Phakathi kwamasampula ezinto eziphilayo, amathathu kwayisishiyagalolunye aqukethe izinsalela, kodwa awekho abengaphezu kwezinga eliphezulu. Ngo-2019, akekho upelepele ojwayelekile noma we-organic owedlula amazinga aphezulu ezinsalela. Njengoba lingekho isampula lezinto eziphilayo elidlula izinga elivumelekile lezibulala-zinambuzane eminyakeni yamuva, cabanga ukuthenga ama-organic-grade pungent granules noma impushana.