Micah Stanley
Ama-Strawberry awanambithisi nje kuphela njenge-ayisikhilimu yama-strawberry, ikhekhe lama-strawberry, noma i-casserole yama-strawberry. Futhi zinomthelela omuhle kakhulu ezifweni eziningi ezingapheli. Funda konke mayelana ne-sitrobheli, yimiphi imiphumela kanye namanani okudla okunomsoco amajikijolo anakho, yini okufanele uyibheke lapho uthenga, nokuthi ungakhula kanjani futhi wande isitrobheli ebhodweni.
Amajikijolo: Uphawu lokuvusa inkanuko
I-strawberry ibomvu njengothando futhi imnandi njengesono - akumangalisi ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zezinganekwane zizungeze isithelo esimnandi. Wakhonza njengemfanelo yonkulunkulukazi abaningi bothando, njengoFrigg noVenus, futhi izimbongi zabo bonke ubudala zakhuthazwa nguye. Imbongi yaseRoma uVirgil yachaza isitrobheli njengesithelo esimnandi sonkulunkulu, futhi umlobi ongumJalimane uPaul Zech wayekhuluma kabi ngomlomo wamastrawberry.
Isithelo sivame ukudlala indima ebalulekile ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni, kuhlanganise nekaGrimm ethi “Grandmother Evergreen”, lapho izingane ziqoqa khona isithelo esiphilisayo sikanina ogulayo. Eqinisweni, ama-strawberries abhekwa njengomuthi izinkulungwane zeminyaka. esetshenziselwa isifo sesibindi nenyongo, isifo senhliziyo, isimungumungwane, ngisho ne-smallpox.
Amaqabunga ama-strawberry anothe nge-tannin avame ukufakwa ezixutshweni zetiye futhi asetshenziswa emithini yesintu ikakhulukazi ezikhalazo zamathumbu (uhudo), kodwa futhi nokuvuvukala okungapheli (isib. i-rheumatism). Kungcono ukuwaqoqa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, kodwa ungalindeli iphunga le-sitrobheli lapha. Amaqabunga anambitha i-tart futhi ayibizi.
Sivelaphi isitrobheli sasengadini?
Ngokusho kokutholwe kwemivubukulo, i-strawberry yayivele ibaluleke kakhulu ku-Stone Age ngakho-ke ingenye yamaswidi amadala kakhulu aziwa esintwini. Okokuqala, ama-strawberries amancane asendle aqoqwe. Kamuva ngeNkathi Ephakathi, lezi zase zilinywa kakade emasimini amakhulu.
Namuhla sidla ikakhulukazi i-sitrobheli engadini (Fragaria × ananassa). Yavela kuphela phakathi nekhulu le-18 futhi iyindodakazi yesitrobheli esibomvu saseNyakatho Melika esinephunga elimnandi nesitrobheli saseChile esinezithelo ezinkulu. I-strawberry yasengadini yasheshe yaba inkanyezi ezivandeni zaseYurophu.
I-strawberry ayiyona i-berry
Ngendlela, ngokombono we-botanical, i-strawberry ayiyona iberry nhlobo, kodwa isithelo esihlanganisiwe. Izithelo zangempela amantongomane amancane aphuzi ku-"berry" elibomvu. Manje sekunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 zama-strawberries asengadini, okuyi-30 kuphela, njenge-Sonata noma i-Lambada, ebalulekile ekutshalweni kwezithelo ezithengiswayo. Kodwa wonke ama-strawberry anento eyodwa afana ngayo: Acebile kakhulu ngezinto ezibalulekile.
Amanani okunempilo
Ama-Strawberry anambitheka kakhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ukuwathola okwanele. Yeka ukuthi kuhle kangakanani lokho kuvinjelwa akudingekile nhlobo, ngoba aqukethe amanzi angamaphesenti angama-90 futhi aqukethe ama-kcal angu-32 kuphela nge-100 g. I-100 g yesithelo esisha nayo iqukethe:
- amanzi 90 g
- Ama-carbohydrate - 5.5 g (okukhona i-2.15 g glucose kanye ne-2.28 g fructose)
- amaprotheni 0.8 g
- I-Fiber 2g
- amafutha 0.4 g
Ama-Strawberries wokungabekezelelani kwe-fructose?
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izithelo, ama-strawberries ane-fructose ephansi. Izinga le-fructose-glucose yezithelo ezibomvu nalo licishe libe ngu-1:1 ukuze ngisho nabantu abangabekezelelani i-fructose bangakwazi ukubekezelela kahle, okungenani ngamanani alinganiselwe. Kodwa zama lokhu ngokucophelela, njengoba wonke umuntu othintekayo unezinga elihlukile lokubekezelelana.
Umthwalo we-Glycemic
Izithelo ezimnandi zine-glycemic load (GL) ephansi engu-1.3, okusho ukuthi aziwathinti neze amazinga kashukela egazini. Ukuze uqhathanise: isinkwa esimhlophe sine-GL ecishe ibe ngu-40, kanti ibha likashokoledi ine-GL elinganiselwa ku-35. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukudla ama-strawberry ambalwa kunokulingwa amaswidi.
Amavithamini namaminerali
Ama-Strawberry aqukethe amavithamini namaminerali amaningi, anomthelela omkhulu ebuhleni bawo bezempilo.
Izinto zesitshalo sesibili
Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwethimba labacwaningi bamazwe ngamazwe, ucwaningo oluningi manje selukhombisile ukuthi ukudla ama-strawberry njalo kunamandla amakhulu kokubili mayelana nokuvimbela nokwelapha izifo. Ngokujabulela izithelo ezibomvu, ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative nokuvuvukala kungavinjelwa futhi ingozi yokukhuluphala, uhlobo lwe-2 yesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, izifo zenhliziyo, izifo zamehlo, nomdlavuza zingancishiswa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kungenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezibalulekile futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kulo lonke uhla lwezitshalo zesibili, kufaka phakathi ikakhulukazi ama-polyphenols afana ne-anthocyanins, i-quercetin, i- kaempferol, i-fisetin, i-ellagic acid, ne-catechins. .
Ngokusho kwabacwaningi baseNorwegian, okuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo kuhluka kakhulu futhi isb kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo. Ukuhlaziywa kwezinhlobo ezingama-strawberry ezingama-27 kubonise ukuthi kukhona phakathi kuka-57 no-133 mg we-phenolic compounds ku-100 g wama-strawberry. Ama-anthocyanins, anikeza izithelo ezincane umbala wazo obomvu ogqamile, aphakathi kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni zawo zesibili. Okuqukethwe kwabo kuphakathi kuka-8.5 no-66 mg futhi kukhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa ososayensi baseNtaliyane nabaseSpain bathole okuthakazelisayo ngokukhethekile: cishe amaphesenti angu-40 ama-antioxidants akumantongomane ama-strawberries. Ngakho-ke kuphambene kakhulu uma izithelo z. B. ihlulwe ngesisefo ekukhiqizeni i-strawberry puree.
Umuzwa wendlala uyancipha ngemva kokudla ama-strawberries
Emazweni athuthukile, ukukhuluphala kuyinkinga enkulu - ngaphezu kwengxenye yawo wonke amaJalimane asevele ethintekile. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluhlukahlukene manje selukhombisile ukuthi ama-strawberries anikeza izinzuzo ezithile kubantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile. Bandisa amazinga e-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-adiponectin, enesibopho sokulawula indlala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-antioxidants aqukethwe esithelweni anciphisa ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative, okuhlala kuzwakala kakhulu kubantu abakhuluphele kunabantu abanesisindo esijwayelekile.
Amazinga e-Antioxidant ayanda ngemva kokusetshenziswa
Ucwaningo olwenziwa e-Oklahoma State University ngo-2016 lwalubandakanya abantu abangu-60 abakhuluphele kakhulu abane-lipids yegazi ephakeme. Bahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amane. Amaqembu amabili athole isiphuzo esiqukethe ama-25 g noma ama-50 g ama-strawberries omisiwe nsuku zonke amasonto ayi-12. Amanye amaqembu amabili aphuza isiphuzo esilawulayo nsuku zonke esinekhalori efanayo kanye nokuqukethwe kwefayibha njengeziphuzo zama-strawberry.
Thembela kundawo lapho uthenga ama-strawberry!
Ngokusho kwe-Federal Center for Nutrition, amathani angaphezu kuka-150,000 ama-strawberries avunwa eJalimane ngo-2016. Nokho, njengoba isidingo sidlula kude umkhiqizo, amanani amakhulu athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe anjengeSpain, iNetherlands ne-Italy.
Isikhathi sama-strawberry lapha siqala kuphela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti, kodwa isithelo manje sesitholakala unyaka wonke. Ama-strawberry esiwadlayo phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika avela ezindaweni ezikude njengaseMexico, eChile, eCalifornia, eFlorida nase-Israel. Ama-strawberries angenisiwe anebhalansi embi yemvelo futhi ngokuvamile anambitheka kancane ngoba avunwa angakavuthwa futhi awavuthwa ngemva kwalokho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo z. B. eSpain eyomile, esivele ihlaselwe isomiso, kufanele iniselwe kakhulu ngokwenziwa. Amanye amanzi ampontshwa ngokungemthetho, okuthi ngokwe-WWF, asongele ngokumisa iCoto de Doñana National Park, enye yezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi ezinkulu kakhulu eningizimu yeYurophu, kanye nengxenye yasebusika yezinkulungwane zezinyoni ezifudukayo.
Ngakho-ke kunengqondo ezicini ezimbalwa uma ujabulela kuphela ama-strawberries ngenkathi (May kuya ku-August) endaweni yangakini!
Ama-strawberries e-organic anempilo
Ngeshwa, uma kuziwa ezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane, ama-strawberries asekhaya awasebenzi kangcono kunempahla evela kwamanye amazwe. Ucwaningo oluqalwe nguSaldo (Verbraucherinfo AG) eSwitzerland lubonise ukuthi amasampula angu-3 kuphela kwangu-25, avela eSpain naseFrance kuzo zonke izindawo, ayengangcolisiwe. Amasampula amabili kwamathathu anezinsalela eziphezulu kakhulu aqhamuka eSwitzerland.
Ngokocwaningo lwehhovisi lophenyo lwamakhemikhali nezilwane e-Stuttgart ngo-2016, kumasampuli angu-78, angu-77 ayequkethe izinsalela kanti angu-76 equkethe izinsalela eziningi. Endabeni yamasampuli angu-6, inani eliphakeme elivunyelwe lidlule. Lezi kwakuyizinto ezifana nama- chlorate, okuthi ngokwe-European Food Safety Authority ezingaba yingozi empilweni yezingane, i-spinosad, eyingozi ezinyosini, noma i-chlorpropham, engase ibangele umdlavuza.
Kuyesabisa futhi ukuthi ukuhlaziya kuphinde kuvele izinto ezisebenzayo ezivinjelwe, njengesikhunta bupirimat (ushevu wezinzwa), ukusetshenziswa kwawo okungakavunyelwa eJalimane iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.
Njengoba ama-strawberries ephakathi kwezithelo ezingcoliswe kakhulu kuzo zonke, kufanele uhlale uthembele kukhwalithi ye-organic. Lokhu kusekelwa futhi ucwaningo lwesiPutukezi, olwabonisa ukuthi ama-strawberries e-organic anomphumela onamandla we-antioxidant kunezithelo ezitshalwa ngokujwayelekile.
Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi amapulazi ama-strawberry emvelo akhiqiza izithelo zekhwalithi ephezulu futhi inhlabathi yawo yekhwalithi ephakeme ingaba namandla aphezulu e-microbial kanye nokumelana nengcindezi.
Ama-strawberries ehlathini lepulasitiki
Amasimu ama-strawberry amaningi ayanyamalala ngaphansi kwefilimu ye-mulch. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ifudumala kusenesikhathi ukuze inkathi yama-strawberry iqale kusenesikhathi futhi ilethe isivuno esiphezulu. Lokhu futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-herbicides. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe-foil nakho kunezinkinga ezimbi kakhulu.
Amafilimu enziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-polyvinyl chloride, equkethe ama-plasticizers ayingozi empilweni nasemvelweni. Amafilimu e-PVC anzima kakhulu, uma kungenzeki, ukuwasebenzisa kabusha futhi uma eshisiwe, isb. Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yayo yonke imfucumfucu yepulasitiki manje isithunyelwa emazweni afana neChina, lapho zingekho khona izinhlaka zokuqoqwa nokugaywa kabusha.
Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamafilimu e-mulch nakho kusolwa kakhulu ngokucekela phansi indawo yokuhlala yezilwane nezitshalo, okunomthelela ekwehleni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emasimini nokuholela ekuncipheni kokuhlukahluka kwemvelo. Inkinga ukuthi amafilimu aklebhula kalula lapho esuswa futhi izingxenye zepulasitiki - ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu kuze kufike kumaphesenti angu-40 wezinto ezibonakalayo - zihlala emasimini.
Isazi sokulondolozwa kwemvelo uChristoph Münch wamemezela mayelana nalokhu ukuthi izinyoni ezinjengesibonelo, inyozi isebenzisa izinsalela zepulasitiki ukuze zakhe isidleke sazo ngoba zifana neqabunga. Lokhu kungase kubulale enzalweni ngoba amanzi awakwazi ukuphuma ngenxa yezingxenye zepulasitiki.
Abacwaningi baseMelika abavela eBeltsville Agricultural Research Centre bakwazile ukufakazela ekuqaleni kuka-2009 ukuthi amafilimu e-mulch anomphumela ongemuhle ezithakweni ezifana nama-anthocyanins nokuthi ama-strawberry, ngakho-ke, anamandla aphansi e-antioxidant.
Nakuba kukhona amafilimu e-mulch e-biodegradable ukuthi u. iqukethe ummbila kanye nesitashi samazambane futhi ingafakwa emhlabathini noma ilahlwe kumquba. Ngeshwa, asetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba abiza ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili futhi kufanele ashintshwe kaningi. Abakhiqizi bavame ukukushaya indiva iqiniso lokuthi amafilimu abolayo awadingi ukusulwa nokulahlwa.
Sincoma ukuthi uthembele kuma-strawberries e-organic avela emapulazini amancane esifunda, adayiswa ngokuqondile epulazini. Lokhu kukunika ithuba lokukwazi ukubona lapho izitshalo zikhula khona. Ngokuvamile ungakhetha isithelo ngokwakho. Awukho neze upulasitiki emapulazini alolu hlobo.
Zikhulisele awakho ama-strawberry
Ama-strawberries nawo angatshalwa kuma-tubs
Abatshali kufanele okungenani babe nomthamo wenhlabathi ongu-2 kuya ku-3 wamalitha. Uma ibhodwe lilikhulu, ligcina umswakama kangcono. Lokhu kunenzuzo ngokuthi izitshalo zidinga amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi sokukhula kanye nesigaba se-fruiting. Kunconywa izitshalo ezikala u-25 x 25 cm kuya ku-30 x 30 cm.
Nakuba izitshalo ze-sitrobheli zimanzi, kufanele nakanjani ugweme ukugeleza kwamanzi lapho unisela. Lokhu ungakufeza ngokubeka udengezi emgodini wokudonsa amanzi lapho utshala futhi uqinisekise ungqimba olwanele lokudonsa amanzi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa u-z. B. kusuka kumatshe amatshe, izindengezi, noma ubumba olunwetshiwe futhi kufanele kube ngu-2 kuya ku-3 cm. Uma ubeka ucezu loboya onqenqemeni lokukhipha amanzi ngaphambi kokuba ugcwalise i-substrate ebhodweni, lokhu kusebenza njengesivikelo futhi kuhlunga amanzi agelezayo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zilungele amasiko ebhodwe, njengeToscana, Cupido, noma Mara des Bois.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutshala, udinga imbewu yekhwalithi. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 zama-strawberries futhi awukwazi ukukhulisa ama-strawberries asengadini kuphela, kodwa futhi nalawo asendle. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo, zihlale ziyizitshalo ezingapheli.
Nokho, umehluko wenziwa phakathi kwangaphambi kwesikhathi (isb. i-Clery ne-Lambada), eyasekuqaleni (isb. uphayinaphu sitrobheli), kanye nezinhlobo zamasitrobheli eziphuzile (isb. Florika) noma ezithela kanye (isb. i-Sonata) nezithela kaningi (isb. B. Ostara) ama-strawberry naphakathi kwama-strawberries anyanga zonke (isb. i-Merosa) nama-sitrobheni asendle (isb. Indlovukazi yasehlathini). Ngakho-ke akulula kangako ukunquma ngezinhlobonhlobo. Lapho ukhetha, qiniseka ukuthi uhlobo lwama-strawberry luyifanela kahle indawo esesifundeni sakho.
Ukuhlwanyela nokutshala
Ngokuvamile, uzothenga izitshalo ze-strawberry ezincane noma usakaze izitshalo ezikhona ngama-stolons. Kodwa-ke, ukukhetha kwezinhlobonhlobo kukhulu uma usebenzisa imbewu. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuzama ukuhlwanyela izitshalo ze-strawberry, kufanele uhlwanyele imbewu encane yama-strawberry phakathi nokuphela kukaJanuwari naphakathi no-March.
Ngemva kokuba imbewu isisatshalaliswe ethreyini yembewu enenhlabathi yezimbiza ezinomsoco, kuthatha amasonto ayisi-6 ukuthi imile. Lapho izitshalo sezibumbe amaqabunga ama-5, ziqala ukutshalwa ezimbizeni ezincane. Isikhathi sokutshala sisukela ngoMeyi lapho izitshalo ezisencane zitshalwa kude no-20 kuya ku-30 cm embhedeni wama-strawberry. Izitshalo ze-Strawberry ezitshalwe entwasahlobo zivame ukuthela izithelo ezincane ngonyaka wokutshala.
Isikhathi sokutshala kamuva, okungukuthi ngoJulayi noma ngo-Agasti, sikunikeza inzuzo yokuthi izitshalo ze-strawberry zingakhula futhi ziphumelele kahle. Ukukhula kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kufanele baphile kahle ebusika ukuze bathole isivuno esicebile sama-strawberry ngonyaka ozayo.
Ayini ama-strawberries enyanga?
Ama-strawberries anyanga zonke aqanjwa ngoba athela izinyanga. Ungathola imivuzo ngokuphindaphindiwe. Lawa ama-strawberries asendle ashintshwe ngokuzalanisa. Ama-strawberries anyanga zonke nawo ayizitshalo ezingapheli. Babonakala ngokuthi abakhi noma yibaphi abagijimi, kodwa kunalokho bakhiqiza imbewu kuphela. Izithelo zabo zincane kakhulu kunalezo zama-strawberries asengadini kodwa zibonakala ngokunambitha okunephunga elimnandi.
Okufanele ukucabangele lapho uvuna
Kuye ngesimo sezulu nezinhlobonhlobo, inkathi yokuvuna iqala ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni. Ama-strawberries akhethwa kahle kakhulu ekuseni ngoba yilapho iphunga elimnandi kakhulu. Qiniseka ukuthi ukha amajikijolo eduze kwesiqu ukuze ugweme ukulimaza isithelo esithambile ngesikhathi sokukha. Ungabona izithelo ezivuthiwe ngokuthi zingavunwa kalula, okungukuthi ngaphandle komzamo.
Uma ama-strawberries evunwa, amaqabunga esitshalo esiluhlaza kufanele ahlale esithelweni. Uma kungenjalo, i-pulp izolimala, okwandisa ingozi yokwakheka kwesikhunta ngesikhathi sokugcina. Ngemva kokuvunwa kwezithelo, kufanele uzifake kubhasikidi oyisicaba ngokuqondile. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokuthi amajikijolo azwelayo agaywe.
Ukuthenga nokugcina
Kunoma yikuphi, lapho uthenga ama-strawberry, qiniseka ukuthi ayacwebezela, ahlala ebomvu ngombala, futhi awanawo amabala akhuntile. Ama-sepals aluhlaza kanye nesiqu kufanele kubukeke kusha. Ungagcina amajikijolo angageziwe esiqandisini izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Uma kukhona izithelo ezilimele futhi ezibolile phakathi kwazo, kufanele zihlungwe ngokushesha.
Uma ucubungula isithelo sibe ujamu noma ijeli noma usifrize, ungakwazi futhi ukujabulela isithelo ngaphandle kwenkathi yama-strawberry. Nokho, mayelana nokulahlekelwa izakhi, ukuziqandisa ziluhlaza noma ziphelele kunenzuzo enkulu. Ngemva kwalokho zingagcinwa isikhathi esingangonyaka.
