John Myers
Kwabanye, i-glutamate iyisithako esibalulekile ekudleni kwansuku zonke, kwabanye, iyi-neurotoxin okufanele igwenywe ngokuqinile. Ngemuva kokudla okulungile namakhishi okudlela, isithuthukisi se-flavour esiyimpikiswano sibonakala sifuna ukunqoba amabhodwe okupheka ezindlini ezizimele. Ukunambitheka okusha okubizwa ngokuthi umami akuchazi lutho ngaphandle kokunambitheka kwe-glutamate.
Umami – ukunambitheka kwesihlanu
Sekuyisikhathi eside isayensi yaseNtshonalanga ikholelwa ukuthi ulimi lunezinzwa ezine kuphela zokunambitha—okumnandi, okusawoti, okumuncu, nokubabayo. Kusukela ngo-1908, umcwaningi waseJapane u-Ikeda wathola ukunambitheka kwesihlanu ngokuthi "umami" - igama lesiJapane elisho "okunenhliziyo, okunenyama, okumnandi, noma okumnandi". Uthole ukuthi ukunambitheka kwe-umami kungenxa ye-glutamate.
Cishe ngemva kwekhulunyaka, ngo-2000, ososayensi baseNyuvesi yaseMiami bathola ama-receptors okunambitheka ahlobene olimini. Ama-receptors wokunambitha akhombisa ukunambitheka kwe-glutamate. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kososayensi, ama-glutamate receptors asabela kuphela uma okungenani eyodwa yamanye ama-flavour amane ikhona ngesikhathi esisodwa.
I-Glutamate ekudleni kwemvelo
I-amino acid glutamic acid kanye nosawoti wayo - ama-glutamates - anesibopho sokunambitheka okubizwa ngokuthi umami. I-Glutamic acid ngokwemvelo itholakala ekudleni okunamaprotheni amaningi njengenyama nama-anchovies, kodwa futhi itholakala eminqumo, utamatisi ovuthiwe, ngisho nobisi lwebele. Phakathi nenqubo yokuvutshelwa, i-glutamate nayo yakheka ekudleni okuvutshiwe okufana noshizi noma usoso wesoya.
I-Glutamate - ukuphela kobuciko bokupheka
Ngemva kokutholakala kwe-glutamate nguMnu. Ikeda, ukukhiqizwa kwe-glutamate yokwenziwa kwaqala. Igama layo eliphelele yi-monosodium glutamate noma i-MSG (kusuka esiNgisini: i-monosodium glutamate). Njengoba yanikeza konke ukudla ukunambitheka okumangazayo, yasheshe yasetshenziswa emakhishini enkantini, ukuze kudliwe osekulungile, izingxube zezinongo, neminye imikhiqizo eminingi eseyilungile.
Ngakho yanezelwa ngendlela egxilile ngqo ekudleni okufanelekile. Ubuciko bangempela be-Culinary - okungenani kwabanye abantu - akusadingeki kusukela manje kuqhubeke. I-Glutamate yathatha indawo yezinhlobonhlobo zezinongo, amakhambi anamakha, nezindlela zokuzilungiselela ezidla isikhathi.
I-glutamate yezidakamizwa
Ngenxa yokuthi i-glutamate egxilile yenza njengesidakamizwa emzimbeni, iyalutha, futhi ingabangela ukulimala kwengqondo neso, akuwona wonke umuntu ofuna i-glutamate ekudleni kwabo. Abantu abazwelayo bangathola nezimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu bekhanda, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo ngokushesha ngemva kokudla amanani angajwayelekile e-glutamate. I-Glutamate iyingozi kakhulu empilweni.
Abantu abadla kuphela izitsha ezintsha nezinongolwe ngokwemvelo bese bedla endaweni yokudlela bathola ukunambitheka okutholakala yonke indawo nokunenhliziyo ngokweqile kwe-glutamate kunokunyanyeka futhi kamuva bazizwe bengakhululekile. Ukoma okwandayo kungenye isibonakaliso sokuthi umzimba ufuna ukuqeda i-glutamate ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
I-glutamate efihliwe
Imiphumela engemihle ye-glutamate kanye nokwehla kwayo okwalandela ekudumeni kwabathengi kwenze imboni yezokudla yaphinde yasungulwa. Abantu abafunda njalo uhlu lwezithako ekudleni okupakishiwe futhi bagweme ukuthenga umkhiqizo okukhulunywa ngawo lapho igama elithi glutamate livela kufanele bakhohliswe kancane esikhathini esizayo.
Ngakho-ke igama elithi glutamate liye lagwenywa ohlwini lwezithako ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho uma ufunda izinto ezifana
- imvubelo ezenzakalelayo
- imvubelo ye-hydrolyzed
- i-yeast extract
- amaprotheni emifino e-hydrolyzed
- amaprotheni ahlukanisa noma
- ama-soy extracts
Khona-ke manje uyazi ukuthi lawa amagama ahlukene nje e-glutamate.
I-Glutamate ngamashubhu
Manje, umbhali nompheki waseBrithani u-Laura Santini bathole indlela entsha yokuthola i-glutamate ngqo kumapuleti wabathengi ngobuningi - futhi ngaphandle kokwenza abathengi abaqaphela impilo baze bacabange nge-glutamate lapho befunda uhlu lwezithako.
USantini ungusomabhizinisi wesifazane ohlakaniphile osevele wethula amaqoqo ahlukahlukene ezingubo esezilungile, izinongo zokunamathisela, kanye nokwehluka kukasawoti ngempumelelo enkulu emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
Manje usesungule isinongo esibizwa ngokuthi “Taste No. 5”, esivele sithengiswa ngamaketanga amakhulu esuphamakethe e-UK. Izithako eziyinhloko ama-anchovies, iminqumo, ushizi weParmesan, namakhowe e-porcini, okuzwakala kungenangozi ngokuphelele.
Eqinisweni, inkinobho no. 5 kodwa akukho okungaphezu kwe-glutamate ehlanzekile, eyagcwaliswa ngamashubhu futhi ngokuqinisekile izothola abalandeli abashisekayo kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Amaqoqo kaSantini akhangiswa ngempumelelo “ngokunambitheka komlingo” obekulindelwe ngabapheki abayizimfundamakhwela nabapheki abadumile futhi okungaguqula noma yikuphi ukudla kube okumnandi ngendlela engachazeki. Isu lokukhangisa elihlakaniphile selivele liphumelele futhi uSantini wathi ngenjabulo enkulumweni yakhe: "I-Taste No. 5 ishaye phansi ngempela."
