John Myers
Isikhathi eside manje, i-glutamate ibilokhu yenza izihloko zezindaba njengesengezo esingenayo imiphumela enenzuzo kubantu. Uchwepheshe wokudla u-Hans Ulrich Grimm uze abize i-glutamate ngokuthi isithasiselo sokudla esinomthelela omubi kakhulu kubantu, ezimpilweni zabo, nasengqondweni yabo. Kwenzeka konke lokhu indoda ingazi nokwazi ngayo.
I-Glutamate ilimaza ubuchopho
I-Glutamate ihlolwe ekuhlolweni kwezilwane, ukuhlolwa kwezilwane okwaziwa kakhulu okwenziwa ngu-John Olney. U-Olney ungomunye wodokotela bezinzwa kanye ne-psychopathologists ababaluleke kakhulu e-USA. Ukutholwa kwakhe okukhulu kwaba ukuthi i-glutamate yabangela imigodi emincane nokulimala ezindaweni zobuchopho zamagundane amancane.
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, isifo sikashukela, nesifo senhliziyo
Imiphumela ka-Olney yafingqwa nguProf. Beyreuther, osebenza e-Ruprecht-Karls-University e-Heidelberg: Amagundane namagundane asanda kuzalwa asetshenziselwa ukwenza ucwaningo luka-Olney. Banikezwa imijovo ye-glutamate izinsuku ezinhlanu, okwathi ngemva kwalokho kwatholakala ukuthi amangqamuzana athile ezinzwa ebuchosheni afa. Izilwane ezindala zazikhuluphele ngokweqile, futhi lapho sezikhulile, zaziphethwe isifo sikashukela nesifo senhliziyo.
Ukuvimbela i-glutamate ezinganeni e-US
Ucwaningo lwaba yisizathu esenza ukuthi i-glutamate ekudleni kwezingane igwenywe ngokuzithandela e-USA. Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, kuhlanganise neJalimane, ukusetshenziswa kwe-glutamate ekudleni kwezingane ngokuvamile akuvunyelwe.
Nokho, lo mthetho awusebenzi ekudleni okuhloselwe izingane ezindala kanye nabantu abadala. Abazali kufanele banake kakhulu ukwakheka kokudla kwezingane zabo, ikakhulukazi lapho izingane ziqala ukuncelisa ipapa futhi zengezelele ekudleni kwazo ngokudla okuqinile, okungukuthi kusukela cishe enyangeni yesithupha yokuphila.
Ingozi kumntwana ongakazalwa
Ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kwakamuva kubonisa ukuthi izingane ezingakazalwa nazo zisengozini enkulu ye-glutamate. Ukuhlolwa kwamagundane okwenziwa udokotela wezingane nomcwaningi uProf Hermanussen kwabonisa ukuthi i-glutamate, lapho inikezwa amagundane akhulelwe, yehlisa isisindo sokuzalwa senzalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwama-hormone okukhula kwaphazamiseka. Amagundane aba isiminzi futhi akhuluphale. Nabo babebancane impela. Kuvamile futhi ukuthi abantu abakhuluphele babe bancane uma kuqhathaniswa.
Ukukhuluphala nezifo
Ngakho-ke i-glutamate iyingozi kakhulu ngoba iphazamisa isimiso somzimba ngokwezinto zezithunywa. Akugcini nje ngokuphazamisa ukusebenza komzimba, kodwa futhi kuholela ekukhuluphaleni nasezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Into eyingozi kakhulu nge-glutamate, nokho, ukuthi ama-synapses ezinzwa agcwele izikhukhula futhi isithasiselo sibhubhisa amangqamuzana obuchopho. Ibulala izinzwa.
I-Neurotoxin glutamate?
UProf. Beyreuther, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ophethe isikhundla seKhansela Lombuso Lokuvikeleka Kwempilo Nezempilo, unombono wokuthi i-glutamate iyi-neurotoxin imiphumela yayo ekhathaza kakhulu. I-Glutamate ibhekwa njengento ebalulekile kuzo zonke izifo ze-neurodeergenerative ngoba le nto isolwa ukuthi ikhuthaza zonke izifo lapho ubuchopho bufa khona. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Parkinson, i-Alzheimer's, kanye ne-multiple sclerosis.
Ukuthonya imikhuba yokudla
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abantu nezilwane bakhohliswa ukuba badle ngaphezu kwalokho okufanele futhi okufanele badle ngakho nge-glutamate. Abacwaningi bathi lokhu kusebenza kakhulu. Umcwaningi uFrance Bellisle, osebenza e-Center National de la Recherche Scientifique eParis, ukwazile ukubona isisusa sokudla kakhulu lapho enikezwa i-glutamate. Abantu abazinikele ekuvivinyweni bahlehlisa ukudla kwabo ngokushesha, bahlafuna kancane, futhi bathatha ikhefu elincane phakathi kokulunywa.
I-Glutamate - imbangela yokukhuluphala
UProf Hermanussen unombono wokuthi ukuphathwa njalo kwe-glutamate kungesinye sezizathu zenkinga yokukhuluphala ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zabantu. Ukwengezwa kwe-glutamate kusavamile ekudleni kwezimboni. Isifiso sokudla kulawulwa emangqamuzaneni ezinzwa zobuchopho, kodwa lokhu kungase konakaliswe i-glutamate. Lokhu kubhekwa njengokuxhumana okubaluleke kakhulu.
Umcwaningi waseMelika uBlaylock, udokotela ohlinza izinzwa, naye uyavumelana nalo mbono. Uphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi ukukhuluphala kwenani elikhulu lezakhamizi zase-US kungahlobene nokuphathwa kwangaphambilini kwe-glutamate njengesengezo sokudla. Empeleni ubona ukukhuluphala njengomphumela wokuthatha i-glutamate eyengeziwe yokudla.
I-Glutamate iholela ekulambeni njalo
NgokukaProf. Hermanussen, amaprotheni athile kanye ne-glutamate yisona sizathu esenza izingane nabantu abadala abakhuluphele ngokweqile bahlale belambile futhi abasakwazi ukuhlola kahle umuzwa wabo wokusutha. Wazama ukufakazela ukusola kwakhe ngokunikeza abesifazane abanempilo kodwa abakhuluphele ngokweqile isidakamizwa esakwazi ukumisa umphumela olimazayo i-glutamate enawo ebuchosheni.
Lo muthi wawugunyazwe ekuqaleni ukwelapha isifo i-Alzheimer's. Abesifazane akufanele balandele noma yikuphi ukudla phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, kufanele balalele kuphela isifiso sabo sokudla. Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa nje, baqaphela ukuthi isifiso sabo sokudla sasincipha nokuthi ukuzitika okuphazamisayo kwakungasenzi, ngisho nasebusuku. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, isisindo sakhe sase sehla ngaphandle kokudla noma ukuvivinya umzimba okwengeziwe.
Impumputhe evela ku-glutamate?
Ngokomcwaningi uDkt. Ohguro, i-glutamate nayo ibangela ukulimala kwamehlo, empeleni, ingaba yimbangela yokungaboni. Ithimba labacwaningi elizungeze uDkt. Ohguro lenze izivivinyo eziklanyelwe ukubonisa imiphumela eyingozi ye-glutamate kumagundane. Ngale njongo, banikezwa ukudla okukhethekile lapho i-glutamate ilawulwa khona njalo.
Kwaphawulwa ukuthi amehlo ezilwane ezathola imithamo ephezulu ye-glutamate izinyanga eziyisithupha ehle kakhulu. Izilwane ziphinde zaba ne-retina ezacile kakhulu kunezilwane eziseqenjini elilawulayo, eziqhubeka nokuthola ukudla kwazo okujwayelekile.
I-Glaucoma evela ku-glutamate?
UDkt Ohguro ucabanga ukuthi uthole incazelo ye-glaucoma, edlange kakhulu e-East Asia. Uthi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingxenye enkulu ye-glutamate yengezwa ezitsheni eziningi zase-Asia. Kodwa-ke, akukacaci ukuthi umthamo we-glutamate kufanele ube phezulu kangakanani ukuze umphumela olimazayo emehlweni ube khona.
Izingxoxo ezimayelana ne-glutamate zisaphathelene ngokuyinhloko nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Chinese restaurant syndrome, ehlotshaniswa nekhanda elibuhlungu, intamo eqinile, isicanucanu, nezinye izimpawu. Kubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba ne-glutamate. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubacwaningi, nokho, imiphumela yesikhathi eside yento.
Ukhuluphele esemncane oyimpumputhe ekugugeni?
Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kukhuthazwa ngisho nasezinganeni nasebancane, ukukhuluphala, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-adiposity, kanye ne-glaucoma yimiphumela yokuthatha i-glutamate, ewela ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "umonakalo wesikhathi eside". Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, inani le-glutamate elifakwe ekudleni liye laphindeka kabili. I-Glutamate yengezwa ngendlela yama-hydrolysates, njenge-yeast extracts. Ngaphezu kwalokho, into equkethwe ku-broths granulated kanye nezinto ezihlukahlukene zokunambitheka.
Isibopho somzali siyadingeka
Abazali ikakhulukazi banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela izingane zabo ezithasiselweni zokudla uma abakhiqizi bokudla benganaki ukwakheka okunempilo okufanayo.
Izinongo zenziwa kusetshenziswa amaprotheni ezilwane noma zemifino. Lokhu kubiliswa nge-hydrochloric acid ukucekela phansi izakhiwo zamaseli. Lokhu kukhipha okuthiwa yi-glutamic acid. Isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide noma i-sodium carbonate sibe sesifakwa engxubeni, ebuye ikhiqize usawoti ovamile.
Lesi sixazululo manje sesihlungiwe futhi senzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka. I-Liquid seasoning inombala we-caramel uma isithokelo singasetshenziswa ezimpahleni ezisemathinini nasezitsheni esezilungile. Uma omisiwe, wenza umhluzi we-granulated noma, lapho amafutha engeziwe, ama-bouillon cubes awaziwayo.
Kuguqulwe ngofuzo
Ngenxa yokuthi imboni ihlale ikhathazekile ngokuthuthukisa inzuzo, izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-glutamate zashintshwa ngokofuzo.
Isazi sezokudla esaziwayo iPolymer sithi kusukela ngo-1980 ilungelo lobunikazi bokusetshenziswa kobunjiniyela bofuzo ekukhiqizeni i-glutamate lanikezwa umholi wemakethe obizwa ngokuthi u-Ajinomoto. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi isidingo sama-microorganisms amasha sanyukile.
Lawa ma-microorganisms kufanele avumele ukukhiqizwa kwe-L-glutamic acid ekhethekile ngenani elikhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukufeza lokhu, i-plasmid eyingxube yethulwa ku-bacilli. Ucezu olukhethekile lwe-DNA oluqukethe ulwazi lofuzo oluhloselwe ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-L-glutamic acid lwafakwa kule plasmid eyingxube.
Thatha umthwalo wemfanelo ngokwakho
Kodwa-ke, njengoba kungekho muntu owaziyo ukuthi ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo bunemiphumela ehlukile ngezinga elingakanani kunalokho okufunayo, lokhu kungaqiniseki kwenezela emiphumeleni eyingozi i-glutamate eboniswe ukuthi ibe nayo emzimbeni njengenkinga eyengeziwe. Ngakho-ke wonke umuntu unomthwalo wemfanelo wokunaka ukwakheka kokudla kwakhe.
